Lawrence Kohlberg
Arrange stages in order
1. Punishment & obedience orientation 2. Individualism and exchange (Instrumental relativist orientation) 3.Good interpersonal relationships (Good boy-nice girl orientation) 4.Social order (Society-maintaining orientation) 5.Social contract orientation 6. Universal ethical principle orientation
Which stage comes before the society-maintaining orientation stage?
Good boy-nice girl orientaion
At which stage does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group?
Good boy-nice girl orientation
A child wants to be on time for family dinner. What stage of development is the child going through?
Instrumental relativist orientation
At which phase of life would a child develop premoral orientation?
Preschool
A young adult tells the nurse, "society needs to be educated regarding involving people affected w/ AIDS into the social sphere." What stage does the statement indicate?
Social contract orientation
Which stage of moral development is associated w/ a person following a law even if it is discriminatory to a racial group?
Social contract orientation
An adolescent tells the nurse, "i do not go to parties that serve alcohol, not because my dad doesn't like it, but bc I know this is not right." What stage does the statement indicate?
Society maintaining orientation
Which stage explains the influence of moral values on an individual's thought?
Society-maintaining oreintation
Which stage is a part of conventional reasoning?
Society-maintaining orientation
At which stage of Kohlberg's theory is the child's moral reasoning driven by fear of punishment?
Stage 1
In which stage does the nurse anticipate a client who wants to maintain expectations w/ his/her immediate group?
Stage III
While assessing the moral development of a child according to Kohlberg's theory, the nurse determines that the child is at the preconventional level of moral development. Which behavior led the nurse to this conclusion?
The child is very obedient & tries to avoid punishment from parents & teachers
Which statement describes stage 2?
the child recognizes that there is more than one correct view
A nursing student is listing various stages of Kohlberg's moral development. Which situation indicated that the individual has reached the Instrumental relativist orientation stage?
"an individual identifies that there is more than one right view"
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Kohlberg's moral development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding 'postconventional reasoning' needs correction?
"in this level, emphasis is given on social rules & community centered approach"
What stages are a part of conventional reasoning?
-Good boy- nice girl orientation -society maintaining orientation
Which statement about conventional reasoning is true?
A person want to fulfill family expectations
At which stage would a nurse ask a higher authority to reduce the treatment expenses of a low income client?
Universal ethical principle orientation
The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Kohlberg's moral development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding 'preconventional reasoning' needs correction?
"in this level, the client sees moral reasoning based on his/her own personal internalization of societal & others' expectations"
Which development stage is considered the pre-conventional level?
-toddler -preschool
How is stage 2 of Kohlberg's theory different from stage 1?
Stage 2 is about recognizing another's point of view
At which stage does an individual show societal concerns?
Stage IV
What stage defines "right" by the decision of the conscience?
Universal ethical principle orientation
What are the similarities between the first & second stages?
- both stages describe a child's obedience to rules -both stages are associated w/ preconventional reasoning
Which statement is true of the middle childhood stage according to Kohlberg?
- child develops a good boy-nice girl orientation -the child is in the conventional level
Which statement describes stage 4?
- child shows respect for authority & maintains the social order -adolescents choose to avoid a party where they know beer will be served
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about the level "conventional reasoning". Which statements made by the student indicate the need for further teaching?
-"an individual follows societal law but recognizes the possibility of changing the law to improve society" -"a child's response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority & rules" -"a child recognizes that there is more than one correct view"
Which of these statements are true about an adolescent?
-"an individual's thoughts are influences by moral decisions & behaviors" -"an individual's expands his/her focus from relationship w/ others to societal concerns?"
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about Kohlberg's theory. Which stages does a nurse include under the first level of the theory?
-instrumental relativist orientation - punishment & obedience orientation
What is the correct order of the Kohlberg stages?
1. punishment & obedience orientation 2. instrumental relativist orientation 3. good boy- nice girl orientation 4. society maintaining orientation 5. social contract orientation 6. Universal ethical principle orientation
Which stage does the nurse anticipate in a client who exhibits absolute obedience to authority & rules?
Stage I
The registered nurse is teaching the student nurse about Kohlberg's theory of moral development. While teaching, the registered nurse stages, "children follow the parents' rule of being at home on time". Which stage is the registered nurse explaining?
Stage II
In which stage of Kohlberg's theory does the nurse anticipate a client to expand focus from relationships w/ others to societal concerns?
Stage IV
Which stage is an individual at if he/she wants to modify a law that is unfair to a particular group?
Universal ethical principle orientation
What is the similarity between stages 5 & 6 of Kohlberg's theory?
both stages are associated w/ postconventional reasoning