Lead Acid Batteries

The electrolye in a fully charged battery is __% water and __% sulphuric acid, the acid content ____ when the battery is discharged

70,30 drops

In parallel batteries The ____ rating of each battery is added, but the _____ supplied remains the same

A/H Rating, terminal voltage

What is the hydrometer?

An instrument that measures the relative density of a battery electrolyte compared to pure water

Different types of materials primary cell batteries consist of?

Carbon - zinc Alkaline - manganese Mercury Silver oxide lithium

What are the 3 main parts that construct a Lead acid cell battery?

Casing, seperators, plates

A lead acid battery discharges when a __________ path is supplied between the _____. Oxygen from the _______ plate combines with ___________ in the electrolyte to form water. While ________ leaves the acid and forms on both plates. Charging a battery is the _________ of the discharging process

Conductive, plates, positive, hydrogen, sulphate, reverse

The capacity of a battery is affected by what four factors?

Plate area, amount of active material, quantity of electrolyte and temperature

The capacity of a lead acid battery is determined by the area of the _______ that are in contact with the ______, and the greater this are the _______ the internal resistance of the battery

Plates, electrolyte, lower

Three main classes of batteries?

Primary cell, Primary reserve, secondary cells

What is cold cranking amps?

Provides the maximum starting current a battery can provide

Excessive sulphation renders the battery incapable of supplying further _______and makes _______ difficult

current, recharging

battery life can be reduced by leaving a battery discharged for ____ periods or by high charge or discharge rates which cause the plates to ___ active material

long, shed

An individual lead acid cell charges up to a maximum of ____ volts but soon drops to ____ volts which is the rated voltage. Thus a 24v lead acid battery consists of ________ cells and a 12v one has ____

2.2, two, twelve, six

What is a lead acid cell usually rated at? (voltage)

2.0V

What is the correct way to connect battery leads?

Ensure the earthed negative terminal is disconnected first and reconnected last

What is a quick disconnect battery?

It has reccessed pins that are less likely to be shorted and do not require direct contact by tools

Two most common types of secondary cell batteires are?

Lead acid and Nickel cadmium cells (NiCad)

A lead acid cell has ________ plates always sandwiched between _______ plates. Each plate consists of a grid of lead ________ that carries the active material

Negative, Positive, Antinomy

Primary cells are not _______. they are often referred to as ___ cells, and are suitable for ______ appliances. A primary reserve cell has the ______ stored separately from the plates

Rechargeable, dry, portable, electrolyte

Each cell casing consists of hard ________ or high impact ________ and has two __________ posts, and a ________ cap mounted on its top surface

Rubber, plastic, terminal, vent

Rechargeable batteries are often referred to as _________ or ___________ batteries

Secondary, storage

The lead acid battery case incorporates a _______ chamber to allow sediment accumulation with out _________ the plates. Seperators keep the plates apart while allowing ______ to circulate around them

Sediment, shorting, apart, electrolyte

A lead acid electrolyte spill should be neautrilised with ____ _________ and rinsed with clean water

Sodium bicarbonate

When hardware such as cell _____ show signs of overheating they should be _______ then re-tightened to the specified _____

Straps, cleaned, torque

As a battery discharges, what forms on the outside of the plates?

Sulphate

As a lead acid battery discharges ____ forms on the plates. THis _______ the area of plates the electrolyte can _____ with, thus internal resistance _____ and the maximum current the battery can deliver _______

Sulphate, reduces, react, increases, decreases

In series, batteries add their ________ but their ______ is unchanged

Terminal voltage, A/h rating

What should be done when hardware shows signs of arcing or over heating?

They should be disassembled, cleaned then refitted

Lead acid battery capacity is affected by the _____ of the plates and the amount of _____ material they hold, the electrolyte _____, and battery ________. A fully charged battery is less likely to _____ because the electrolyte density has increased

area, active, level, temperature, freeze

Only ________ water should be added to a battery. The electrolyte level should be adjusted to just ____ the top of the plates

distilled, above

The standard rating used to specify the capacity of a battery is the ____ ___ rate

five hour

Battery terminals can be coated with ____ to exclude ____ and prevent the formation of deposits on the terminal

grease, moisture

charging of a lead acid battery always produces ____ and _____ gas, the battery gasses most freely towards the ____ of the charging process. charging should always e carried out in a ______ area an no ____ should be caused near the battery

hydrogen, oxygen, end, ventilated, sparks

When a battery is charged the acid content and density of electrolyte ______

increases

Lead acid batteries can be cleaned with a neutralising solution as long as it does not get ______ the battery. Must be ____ and dried off immediately

inside, rinsed

What does the term 'Ampere hours' mean?

it states the theoretical current the battery can supply in one hour

When multiple batteries are charged using constant voltage charging the must be connected in _____ and then when using constant current charging they can be connected in _____ as long as the max charge ______ of any battery is not exceeded

parallel, series, current

lead acid batteries in storage should be regularly ____ and ____ tested

recharged, capacity

Hydrometer readings give the _____ ______ figure of the electrolyte which is the density relative to pure _____. they should be taken _____ adding water, and must be adjusted if the temperature is between __ and __ degrees

specific gravity, water, before, 20, 32

A lead acid battery can be tested for cell imbalance by operating the _______ motor for ____ seconds then checking the cell voltages while under a 10 amp load. They should be approximately ___ volts each with not more then ___ difference between them

starter, three, 1.95. 0.05

Constant voltage charging requires less _____ then constant current charging, but can result in high initial _____ care must be taken when using constant current charging to avoid over _______

supervision, currents, charging

The three ways of rating a battery are by its terminal____, its _____/____ capacity and it's cold ________ capacity

voltage, ampere/hour, cranking

Two batteries connected in series double the overall terminal _____. When connected in parallel terminal voltage is _____ but ________ rating is doubled

voltage, unchanged, current