Leadership 101 Midterm Review Chapter 4

Two general types of leader beahviors (Ohio State):

-initiating structure (leaders provide structure) -consideration (leaders nurture subordinates)

middle of the road leader (5,5)

Balanced, medium concern for both production and people

Consideration behaviors are essentially task behaviors, including such acts as organizing work, giving structure to the work context, defining role responsibilities, and scheduling work activities.

False

The behavioral approach is a refined theory that provides a neatly organized set of prescriptions for effective leadership behavior.

False

opportunism

People adapt and shift to any grid style needed to gain maximum advantage

Before the inception of the behavioral approach, researchers treated leadership exclusively as a trait.

True

The behavioral approach emphasizes the behavior of the leader.

True

A group of researchers at Ohio State believed that the results of studying leadership as a personality trait seemed fruitless and decided to analyze how individuals ______ when they were leading a group or an organization.

acted

Lenore has a low concern for task accomplishment coupled with a high concern for interpersonal relationships. She tries to create a positive climate by being agreeable, eager to help, comforting, and uncontroversial. Which style would Lenore most likely align with on the Leadership Grid?

country club management

What do task behaviors facilitate?

goal accomplishment

criticism of behavioral approach

not research validated, most research is from US, no universal style of leadership always works, implies best is high-high

team leader (9,9)

strong emphasis on both production and people

In the Ohio State studies, researchers found that followers' responses on the questionnaire clustered around which two general types of leader behaviors?

Initiating structure and consideration

Paternalistic/maternalistic leaders are often described as "fatherly" or "motherly" toward their followers; regard the organization as a "family"; make most of the key decisions; and reward loyalty and obedience while punishing noncompliance

True

The Managerial (Leadership) Grid was designed to explain how leaders help organizations to reach their purposes through two factors: concern for production and concern for people.

True

The behavioral approach works not by telling leaders how to behave, but by ______ the major components of their behavior.

a. describing

what do relationship behaviors facilitate?

a. helping followers feel comfortable with themselves, each other, and their situation

Jorge places heavy emphasis on task and job requirements, and less emphasis on people, except to the extent that people are tools for getting the job done. He is often seen as controlling, demanding, hard driving, and overpowering. Which style would Jorge most likely align with on the Leadership Grid?

authority-compliance

As a manager, Zoraida takes an interest in workers as human beings, values their individuality, and gives special attention to their personal needs. Which leadership behavior does Zoraida display?

b. employee orientation

behavioral approach

emphasizes the behavior of the leader, focuses on what leaders do

The program of research at Michigan identified which two types of leadership behaviors?

employee orientation and production orientation

two types of leadership behaviors (Michigan)

employee orientation, production orientation

Country Club (1,9)

high concern for people, low concern for production

authority compliance (1,9)

high concern for production, low concern for people

Renata is unconcerned with both the task and interpersonal relationships. She often has little contact with followers and could be described as indifferent, noncommittal, resigned, and apathetic. Which style would Renata most likely align with on the Leadership Grid?

impoverished management

Which of these is defined as task behaviors, including such acts as organizing work, giving structure to the work context, defining role responsibilities, and scheduling work activities?

initiating structure behaviors

Paternalism

leaders using both (1,9) and (9,1), reward and approval are given in exchange for loyalty and obedience

Impoverished Leader (1,1)

low production and people concern

Jackson avoids conflict and emphasizes moderate levels of production and interpersonal relationships. He often is described as one who is expedient, prefers the middle ground, soft-pedals disagreement, and swallows convictions in the interest of "progress." Which style would Jackson most likely align with on the Leadership Grid?

middle of the road management

One criticism of the behavioral approach is that relevant research has not adequately shown how leaders' behaviors are associated with ______.

performance outcomes

Opportunism refers to a leader who uses any combination of Blake and Mouton's basic five styles for the purpose of ______.

personal advancement

The Leadership (Managerial) Grid has two intersecting axes. The horizontal axis represents the leader's concern for ______, and the vertical axis represents the leader's concern for ______.

results; people

Researchers at the University of Michigan explored leadership behavior, giving special attention to the impact of leaders' behaviors on the performance of ______.

small groups

Although many research studies could be categorized under the heading of the behavioral approach, all of these are strongly representative of the ideas in this approach EXCEPT ______.

studies by Blanchard

two general behaviors of behavioral approach

task behaviors, relationship behaviors

Researchers studying the behavioral approach determined that leadership is composed of two general kinds of behaviors: ______ behaviors and ______ behaviors.

task;relationship

One criticism of research on the behavioral approach is that researchers have failed to find a(n) ______ style of leadership.

universal