Leadership Exam 1
To determine if your decision is ethical from a stakeholder approach, which of the following questions should be asked?
"Am I proud to tell relevant stakeholders my decision?"
Each of the following questions is answered by either content, process, or reinforcement theories EXCEPT: "How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?" "What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?" "What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?" "What personality traits cause people to behave in certain ways?"
"What personality traits cause people to behave in certain ways?"
____ are positive or negative feelings about people, things, and issues.
Attitudes
Which of the following is NOT a Big Five personality dimension? Agreeableness. Adjustment. Attractiveness. Surgency.
Attractiveness.
The expectancy theory is based on which of the following assumption?
Behavior is the individual's decision.
Which of the following is NOT one of Mintzberg's interpersonal leadership roles? Entrepreneur Figurehead Leader Liaison
Entrepreneur
____ theory proposes that people are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.
Equity
The Leader Motive Profile (LMP) includes a high need for achievement, a moderate need for affiliation, and a moderate need for power, which is socialized.
False Rationale: The LMP includes a high need for power, which is socialized, that is greater than the need for affiliation and with a moderate need for achievement.
Last year sales team Bravo was worst in its company, having been outperformed by six other teams. This year, the new team manager for Bravo believes that the team might make a third-place finish if he sets difficult, challenging goals for them. This is an example of which of the following motivational theories?
Goal-setting theory.
Leaders who often use one-way communications can be defined by the Ohio State University model as which of the following?
High structure, low consideration.
____ is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through change.
Influencing
Which of the following is NOT one of the questions of the four-way test? Will it be beneficial to all concerned? Is it fair to all concerned? Is it ethical? Is it the truth?
Is it ethical?
Which of the following statements regarding managers and leaders is NOT true?
Leaders are concerned with stability.
____ is credited as being the first to identify the participative leadership style that is commonly used today.
Likert
Which of the following is one of Mintzberg's informational leadership roles?
Monitor.
____ refers to understanding right from wrong and choosing to do the right thing.
Moral development
Fines and demotions are examples of which type of reinforcement?
Punishment.
____ theory proposes that through the consequences for behavior, people will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.
Reinforcement
To motivate his highest performers, a manager gives his highest performer each month an "Employee of the Month" award and a parking space next to his. Of what motivational theory is this an example?
Reinforcement.
____ is dependent on the other three EI approaches.
Relationship management
Which of the following is an example of a spokesperson role?
Reporting information to the government.
Which of the following is an example of a figurehead role?
Signing official documents.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the levels of analysis of leadership theory?
The individual level does not impact the group level.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the levels of analysis of leadership theory? Group process theories focus on how a leader contributes to group effectiveness. The individual level forms the base of the levels. The individual level does not impact the group level. Individuals and teams contribute to organizational success.
The individual level does not impact the group level.
Why study leadership?
The study of leadership applies directly to your personal life.
"If you want something done right, do it yourself" is an example of ____ attitudes.
Theory X
"If the manager is not around, employees will work just as hard" is an example of ____ attitudes.
Theory Y
If the leader typically is afraid to make decisions, is unassertive, and is self-blaming when things go wrong, the leader is displaying a:
Theory Y negative self-concept.
In reinforcement theory, the most powerful reinforcement schedule for sustaining a desired behavior is:
Variable-ratio.
As a leader or manager, it is important for you to know what influences ethical and unethical behavior. Which of the following is NOT likely to encourage unethical behavior? The absence of a formal ethics policy or code of ethics. When there is diffusion of responsibility. Highly competitive and unsupervised situations. When ethical behavior is punished.
When ethical behavior is punished.
Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines to developing a more positive attitude and self-concept? Be a positive role model. Accept compliments. When things go wrong, buy yourself something nice. Set and achieve goals.
When things go wrong, buy yourself something nice.
The manager of a multinational firm operating in a developing country noticed that local employees had at length recently met their physiological and safety needs. According to the hierarchy of needs theory, the next level of motivation would be met by the promise of:
a group picnic.
Self-confidence is best categorized as the ____ Big Five dimension.
adjustment
Unethical behavior is more likely to occur in people who:
are emotionally unstable and have an external locus of control.
Leaders at the postconventional level of moral development tend to:
be visionary.
The University of Iowa studies led to an era of ____ research.
behavioral
The three levels of analysis of leadership theory include all of the following EXCEPT: organizational. group. individual. behavioral.
behavioral.
The leader-follower relationship represents the influence:
between the leader and the follower.
The Leadership Grid is based on two leadership dimensions called:
concern for production and concern for people.
A successful sales manager was promoted to being CEO of a large conglomerate. Shortly afterward, the manager decided that her style of leadership was inappropriate, and altered the way that she practiced leading. This is an example of:
contingency leadership.
With a(n) ____ schedule of reinforcement, each and every desired behavior is reinforced.
continuous
Evidence-based management (EBM), on which your textbook is based, refers to basing theories and concepts on
current scientific research.
Successful leaders need these three managerial leadership skills:
decision-making, interpersonal, and technical.
One of your employees, Quanita, is loyal, highly commited and tends to get the job done. She is likely high on the ____ trait of the conscientiousness dimension?
dependability
"We all take office supplies home" is an example of:
diffusion of responsibility.
The process of blaming one's unethical behavior on others is known as:
displacement of responsibility.
The ______ trait affects all the other traits related to effective leaders.
dominance
The individual level of analysis which focuses on the leader's relationship with individual followers is also called the ____ process.
dyadic
In examining differences between managers and leaders, leaders
emphasize innovation and change
Managers should be aware that equity is based on:
employee perceptions.
In an extensive empirical research study testing the outcomes of the high-high leader, Blake and Mouton claim that team leadership usually result in all of the following EXCEPT:
empowerment.
The Leadership Grid identifies all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT: impoverished. end-of the road. country-club. authority-compliance.
end-of the road.
According to expectancy theory, _______ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective.
expectancy
Giving a bonus after workers produce at a standard rate is an example of a ____ schedule.
fixed-ratio
The Leader Motive Profile (LMP) includes a:
high need for power.
The process of reinterpreting immoral behavior as justification for its occurence is known as:
higher purpose.
The ____ leader has low concern for both people and production.
impoverished
The individual level of analysis of leadership theory focuses on the individual leader and the relationship with:
individual followers.
Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. behavioral. individual. integrative.
individual.
According to the Ohio State University studies on leadership styles, the leadership style that emphasizes task completion is ____.
initiating structure
Henry Mitzberg identified ten managerial roles that he grouped into three categories. These three categories are:
interpersonal, informational, and decisional.
The process of building motivators into the job itself by making it more interesting and challenging is known as:
job enrichment.
Contingency leadership theories attempt to explain the appropriate leadership style based on the:
leader, followers, and situation.
All of the following affect ethical behavior EXCEPT: personality traits. attitudes. the situation. leader−follower relations.
leader−follower relations.
In your position, you serve on committees with people from outside of your organizational units and attend professional meetings. These are expectations for Mintzberg's interpersonal role of ____.
liaison
All of the following are steps in the giving praise model EXCEPT: tell the employee why the behavior is important. tell the employee exactly what was done correctly. encourage repeat performance. make general statements.
make general statements.
The leader role is that of performing the _________ functions consisting of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
management
Two-factor theory proposes that employees are motivated more by ____ than by _____ .
motivators, maintenance factors
Through the motivation process, people go from:
need to motive to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
The key elements in the definition of leadership include all of the following EXCEPT: change personality leaders-followers influence
personality
As a manager who practices reinforcement theory, you know that ____ is the least effective method in motivating employees to do a good job.
punishment
Because we all want to view ourselves in a positive manner, when we use unethical behavior, we often justify the behavior to protect our ____ so that we don't have to feel bad.
self-concept
Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT: social awareness. self-management. self-concept. self-awareness.
self-concept.
High n Pow is categorized as the Big Five dimension of ____.
surgency
Of the Big Five personality dimensions, the highest correlation with leadership is:
surgency.
As a leader, you know that your expectations and treatment of your employees influence and can predict how they will behave, how they will perform. This indicates that you know about ____.
the Pygmalion effect
A manager from a prestigious university believed that employees who were from "lesser schools" lacked sufficient intelligence and motivation for the high-tech firm that she led. She set goals for these employees low, and did not trust them with certain important tasks or company information. Over time, the employees started to exhibit behaviors consistent with the manager's beliefs and actions. They tended to show dissatisfaction and low performance. At length, many of them quit. This would be an example of:
the Pygmalion effect.
Evidence-based management (EBM) is an application of:
the findings of empirical research to the practice of leadership.
The leadership paradigm that assumes leaders are born, not made, is ____ theory.
trait
To motivate employees with a high n Aff, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:
try to include them in decision making.
The process motivation theories are alike in that all focus on:
understanding how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs.
Lower-level managers at the conventional level of moral development tend to:
use a leadership style similar to that of higher-level managers.
Managers with Theory X attitudes tend to:
use external means of controls.
