leadership midterm
42) Leaders are more likely to appear charismatic if they make ________ appeals to follower values and ideals.
A) emotional
9) Task-oriented behavior ________.
A) focuses on the accomplishment of an undertaking in an efficient, reliable way
35) Which of the following influence processes is LEAST important in theories of charismatic leadership?
A) instrumental compliance
32) Honesty, loyalty, fairness, justice, and altruism are values related to ________.
A) integrity
56) Setting an example of courage and dedication and making self-sacrifices to benefit followers is an example of which type of transformational behavior?
A) intellectual stimulation
54) ________ leadership motivates followers by appealing to their self-interest and offering benefits.
C) Transactional
2) Definitions of leadership ________.
C) are important for designing and interpreting research
24) A very narcissistic leader is MOST likely to ________.
C) become preoccupied with power and prestige
52) Leader charisma ________.
C) can be improved by training
65) Examples of major ________ include the objectives for the managers unit and the priorities attached to different objectives
C) choices
47) In interpreting their results of which qualities are associated with charismatic leaders, Banks et al. found that ________ contributes to the leader's commitment to the vision and mission.
C) conscientiousness
20) Which participative procedure involves the shifting of primary responsibility for a particular type of decision to an individual or group?
C) delegation
39) Which is NOT a recommended guideline for transformational leadership?
A) Ask followers to trust the leader's exceptional ability.
6) Which of the following is NOT an example of supporting behavior?
A) Clearly explain what the subordinate is expected to do.
71) Which of the following is NOT a guideline for effective time management?
A) Monitor critical tasks more closely.
16) ________ involves efforts by a leader to enlist the aid of others in making important decisions.
A) Participative leadership
29) ________ are relatively stable dispositions to behave in a particular way.
A) Personality traits
31) Competencies ________.
A) are often used to describe qualities considered relevant for managers in a particular organization, profession, or situation
8) Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an outcome of leader supporting behavior?
A) better time management for the leader
28) In comparison to low-level supervisors, top executives usually need more ________ skills.
A) conceptual
70) The chaotic and demanding nature of managerial work makes ________ one of the most important administrative skills for leaders.
A) conflict resolution
10) According to studies, leader task-oriented behavior is ________ related to subordinate satisfaction.
A) consistently
64) Standards, objectives, and deadlines for work that must be met are examples of ________.
A) demands
45) Which influence process is at work when a leader emphasizes the symbolic and ideological aspects of the work, making it seem more meaningful, noble, heroic, and morally correct?
A) internalization
3) Most leadership theories emphasize ________.
A) leader characteristics
17) The greater the job demands and stress for a manager, the ________.
A) less likely that a prolonged search for benefits will be made
67) Demands and constraints ________ choices in the short run; over a longer time period, a leader has the opportunity to modify demands and remove constraints in order to ________ choices.
A) limit; expand
46) Emotional contagion ________.
A) may cause the leader's qualities to become exaggerated
72) More external behavior is needed when the leader is ________.
A) only mildly dependent on information from other parts of the organization
76) According to Path-goal Theory, subordinates will perform better in all of the following cases EXCEPT when they ________.
A) perceive that minimal effort is required to attain task objectives
49) The influence of charisma on leader evaluations has been shown to be greatest when the factors responsible for past performance are ________.
A) positive
18) Although usually classified as primarily a ________-oriented behavior, participative leadership also has implications for ________.
A) relations; task objectives and leading change
66) Which of the following is an example of a constraint?
A) securities regulations
26) It is better for a leader to have a moderately high level than a very high level of which trait or skill?
A) self-confidence
4) The ethical use of power ________.
A) should not limit the definition of leadership
58) According to Path-goal Theory, supportive leadership contributes most to subordinate satisfaction and motivation when the task is ________.
A) tedious and stressful
15) According to the Vroom and Yetton model, the leader should NOT use an autocratic decision procedure when ________.
A) the decision is important and subordinates have relevant information
12) What is the purpose of problem-solving?
A) to ensure efficient organization of the work unit, coordination of activities, and effective utilization of resources
50) Followers ________ are more responsive to a leader who can explain how the mission of the group or organization is relevant to their core values.
A) who lack a clear self-identity
74) The initial version of the ________ described how leaders' task-oriented behavior and relations-oriented behavior influence subordinate satisfaction and performance in different situations.
B) Path-goal Theory
53) ________ leadership appeals to the moral values of followers in an attempt to raise their consciousness about ethical issues and to mobilize their energy and resources to reform institutions.
B) Transformational
5) The conceptualization of leadership should include ________ processes.
B) both rational and emotional
19) With ________, the manager asks other people for their opinions and ideas and then makes the decision alone after seriously considering their suggestions and concerns.
B) consultation
14) Key components of ________ leadership include mentoring, coaching, and providing developmental opportunities.
B) developing
1) What is the best explanation for so many different definitions of leadership?
B) disagreement about what should be included in the definition
38) Most theories of charismatic and transformational leadership ________.
B) emphasize emotional processes more than rational processes
44) Social identification can be increased by ________.
B) skillful use of slogans, symbols, and rituals
7) Supportive leadership is MOST likely to result in what outcome for subordinates?
B) stronger satisfaction with the leader
69) More time is needed for clients, customers, suppliers, and/or subcontractors when
B) the manager is highly dependent on these outsiders and must negotiate agreements, carry out public relations activities, and create a good impression
51) Charisma is a(n) ________ phenomenon when it is dependent on personal identification with an individual leader who is perceived to be extraordinary.
B) transitory
30) Fairness and justice, honesty, equality, and civility are examples of ________.
B) values
59) According to Path-goal Theory, directive leadership is most effective when ________.
B) work roles are ambiguous
23) What is the MOST accurate conclusion about the power motivation of managers?
C) Managers with a socialized power orientation are more likely to be effective than managers with a personalized power orientation.
13) ________ leadership involves giving praise and showing appreciation to others for effective performance, significant achievements, and an important contribution to an organization.
C) Recognizing
75) Which of the following is one of the LEAST useful of the early contingency theories?
C) Situational Leadership Theory
62) When a situational variable can make a mediating variable or an outcome more favorable, it is sometimes called a(n) ________.
C) enhancer
57) Which type of transformational behavior includes providing support, encouragement, and coaching to followers?
C) individualized consideration
33) Narcissism is associated with ________.
C) low emotional maturity
60) According to Leader Substitutes Theory, leadership is least important when there are
C) many substitutes and few neutralizers
73) Setting aside some time for reflective analysis and planning ________.
C) may help managers avoid many of the problems that they are faced with
68) More time is needed to deal with ________ when the manager is dependent on them for services, supplies, cooperation, or approval of work outputs.
C) peers
22) Which pattern of traits (from strongest to weakest) is BEST for managers in organizations?
C) power, achievement, affiliation
34) Emotional intelligence ________.
C) requires coaching for significant improvement
63) Leader instruction on how to do a task has little effect on the performance of employees who already know how to do it. This example illustrates which of the following?
C) substitute
55) With transactional leadership, ________.
C) the leader provides rewards to followers who comply with the leader's requests
37) Which statement about transformational and charismatic leadership is MOST accurate?
D) Charismatic leaders are less common in business organizations.
36) Which of the following is NOT an important behavior in the attribution theory of charismatic leadership?
D) are pointless because there is no basis for their verification
40) Weber used the term ________ to describe a form of influence based not on tradition or formal authority but rather on follower perceptions that the leader is endowed with exceptional qualities.
D) charisma
43) Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in a leader being viewed as charismatic?
D) deceptive demonstrations of exceptional abilities
11) Which of the following is a specific type of change-oriented behavior?
D) encouraging innovation
48) Positive charismatics ________.
D) have a leadership style that is inevitably beneficial to followers
25) Effective leaders are LEAST likely to have a high score on which 'big five' trait?
D) neuroticism
41) Attributions of charisma are ________ for leaders who have influenced people to collectively achieve objectives that initially seemed impossible.
D) probable
27) Social perceptiveness and behavioral flexibility are key components of ________.
D) social intelligence
21) Which of the following is a potential benefit of empowering leadership and empowerment programs?
D) stronger task commitment
61) In the Multiple Linkage Model, long-term group effectiveness depends primarily on
D) the leader's ability to make the situation more favorable
