Learn smart 4 exam 2
-seizures -denaturation of proteins -death -irreversable brain damage
high fevers can cause:
release of chemicals
identify the first event of inflammation
hyaluronic acid
identify the gel-like substance located in the dermis of the skin that slows the movement of microbes
neutrophils macrophages
identify the phagocytes
monocyte
identify the type of cell that becomes an epidermal dendritic cell:
72
inflammation decreases and tissue healing usually begins withing ______ hours after the injury
nonspecific
innate immunity is _________
protein channel
A membrane attack complex is the name for a:
Lysozyme
Identify the enzyme that attacks the cell wall of some gram-positive bacteria
induce fever
Identify the function of pyrogens
Diapedesis
Identify the process by which cells squeeze out of the bloodstream and migrate to sites of infection
hyaline cartilage
Incomplete rings of ______________ support the wall of the primary bronchi to ensure that they remain open
innate
Macrophages and NK cells are part of our _______ immunity
bronchial tree
The _______ is a highly branched system of air conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi and progressively branch into narrower tubes ending in terminal bronchioles
alternative
The complement system is usually activated in one of two ways the ________ pathway occurs when a bacteria or fungus binds directlyto the complement protein
liver
Where are complement proteins synthesized
Cilia
________ are hair-like extensions of plasma membranes that in the respiratory system, function to sweep mucus upward so that it can be expectorated or swallowed
interferons
a class of cytokines released from leukocytes are called __________ also referred to as IFN
males, females
both the growth of the thyroid cartilage and the longer and thicker vocal folds in mature males help explain why they typically have deeper voices than females
relax
bronchodilation results when the smooth muscle of the bronchioles relax
interferons and complement
examples of antimicrobial proteins of the innate immune system are _________
innate .....
nonspecific immunity is another name for _______ immunity
opsonin
opsonization is the binding of a protein to a portion of bacteria. The binding protein such as an antibody is call an __________
a fever
pyrexia is the presence of:
hypothalamus
pyrogens target the:
cytokines
small proteins called ________ serve as a means of communication between immune system cells
multicellular parasites
tapeworms are an example of
larynx
the ________ is also called the voice box
valsalva maneuver
the closing of the epiglottis over the larynx along with the simultaneous contraction of abdominal muscles, known as the _______ results in an increase abdominal pressure
-bronchi -trachea -larynx
the conducting airways of the lower respiratory tract include which of the following
visceral pleura
the outer surface of each lung is tightly covered by __________
type I
the predominant alveolar cell is an alveolar ________ cell
alveolar pores
the small openings in the walls between adjacent alveoli are called _________
-mediastinum -larynx
the trachea descends through the neck into the _______ from the ________ to the main bronchi
base
the wide _______ of the lung rests upon the diaphragm
-length -tension
what factos determine the characteristics of sound as they pass through the vocal folds
lungs
where are alveolar macrophages found
-multicellular parasites -fungi -protozoans
which categories of infectious agents are eukaryotic -bacteria -multicellular parasites - fungi -protozoans -viruses
-larynx
which is not part of the upper respiratory system
neutrophils
which leukocyte is most prevalent in blood
-sound production -air passageway -detection of odors -exchange of o2 and co2
which options are correctly identified as functions of the respiratory system