Learnsmart 10

fragments are a series of DNA segments made on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Okazaki

Which enzyme is required to initiate DNA synthesis on a bare template strand?

Primase

During DNA synthesis, the sites where the two template strands are unwound and new DNA is made are called what?

Replication forks

Which enzyme is responsible for removing the RNA primers?

DNA polymerase I

These coat the strands of template DNA to block the re-formation of the double helix

single-strand binding proteins

The DNA strands that can be copied to produce new DNA strands are called the

template strands

DNA replication relies on the ________ of DNA strands according to the ________ rule.

complementarity; AT/GC

As DNA polymerase slides along the DNA, individual nucleotides with three phosphate groups, called hydrogen-bond to the exposed bases in the strand according to the AT/GC rule.

deoxynucleoside triphosphates template

Energy is generated to covalently connect adjacent molecules by breaking the bond between the

first and second phosphates in the dNTP

At the replication fork, the enzyme DNA helicase binds to one DNA strand and travels in this direction using energy from ATP

from 5' to 3'

DNA replication of the prokaryotic chromosome

has a single origin of replication and is bidirectional

The enzyme DNA separates the DNA strands and keeps the replication fork moving forward.

helicase

During replication, the enzyme DNA uses energy from ATP to separate the two strands. This generates additional coiling ahead of the replication fork that is alleviated by another enzyme called DNA .

helicase topoisomerase

Match the proteins involved in DNA replication with their function

helicase --->causes DNA strand separation at the origin of replication topoisomerase--> relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork single-strand binding protein-->prevents the two DNA template strands from re-forming the double helix

DNA polymerase III

is the major replication enzyme.

In DNA replication, the ______ strand is made discontinuously in the direction opposite to the movement of the replication fork.

lagging

During DNA replication, the strand is synthesized continuously while the strand is synthesized as small fragments that are connected to each other to form a continuous strand.

leading lagging

The replication process is completed when the enzyme DNA forms a covalent bond between adjacent DNA fragments.

ligase

The " of replication is a site within a chromosome where DNA replication begins.

orgin

The enzyme DNA covalently links nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands together during DNA replication.

polymerase

In order to complete synthesis of the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, the following must occur. Place these items in the correct order. Start with the earliest on top.

1. removal of rna primers 2. synthesis of dna 3. covalent joining

________ synthesis begins at a site within a chromosome called the origin of replication.

DNA

During what process are parental DNA strands used as templates for the synthesis of new DNA strands?

DNA replication

Which are enzymatic features of DNA polymerase?

It can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction It is unable to begin DNA synthesis on a bare template strand

In DNA replication, the strands on the original molecule are used as ______ for the synthesis of new DNA strands.

Templates

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is TRUE?

The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in a series of small fragments that are later connected

Why do eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication?

To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes

The term ________ refers to DNA replication proceeding outward from two replication forks.

bidirectional

The function of single-strand

binding

The enzyme DNA _____ is needed to begin DNA synthesis on a bare template strand. This enzyme makes a short segment of_____ called a primer that is complementary to a DNA sequence on the template strand.

primase RNA

An RNA is required to produce each Okazaki fragment in Escherichia coli.

primer

DNA polymerase cleaves the bond connecting the first two phosphates in an incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate causing the release of a molecule of (PPi).

pyrophosphate

DNA polymerase I ______ RNA primers in the ______ direction.

removes; 5' to 3'

The enzyme DNA ____relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork.

topoisomerase