LearnSmart: Chapter 1- Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

What is a group of organs with a unique collective function called? a. Organ system b. Organelle c. Organism

A. Organ system

study of how biological processes vary in different animal species

Comparative physiology

True or False: The study of ultrastructure focuses on examining individual cells, but not their internal components. WHY

a. False- The study of ultrastructure focuses on structures within cells. The study of cells is cytology.

What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life? a. cell b. organ c. tissue d. organelle

a. cell

The study of cells is called ________. a. cytology b. anatomy c. histology d. histopathology

a. cytology

What is a molecule, cell, or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called? a. effector b. integrator c. receptor

a. effector

Which structure encloses a cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell? a. plasma membrane b. cell wall c. nuclear envelope

a. plasma membrane

What is a cell or organ that is specialized to detect a stimulus called? a. receptor b. effector c. integrator

a. receptor

Which theory states that a more complex structure can be understood by studying its smaller parts? a. reductionism b. cell c. holism

a. reductionsism

Epi- means what?

above

Smallest particle with a unique chemical identity

atom

What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification? a. Comparative b. Gross c. Systemic d. Developmental

b. Gross

Changes in the environment, to which organisms respond, are called what? a. signals b. stimuli c. receptors d. effectors

b. stimuli

The receptors located in the heart, aortic arch, and carotid sinuses that trigger autonomic reflexes in response to fluctuations in blood pressure are known as _________.

baroreceptors

Which term specifically refers to the study of how biological organisms and their parts function? a. Anatomy b. Chemistry c. Physiology d. Cytology

c. Physiology

Which of the following is an example of a physiological negative feedback mechanism? a. contractions during delivery b. blood clotting cascade c. body temperature

c. body temperature

What is the body's tendency to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment called? a. excitability b. static equilibrium c. homeostasis

c. homeostasis

When some bodily changes are detected, responses are activated that reverse the change, restoring stability and preserving normal body function. This would be an example of what type of feedback? a. reverberative b. summative c. negative d. positive

c. negative

Which of the following describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism? a. a cell or organ specialized to detect a stimulus b. a molecule, cell, or organ that carries out a response to stimulus c. processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be

c. processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be

2. A _______ is a dead human body, commonly used in dissection for the purpose of training students in anatomy.

cadaver

12. An organ is best described as which of the following? a. Two or more organs, that work together for a common function b. A single complete individual c. The smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life d. A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function e. A group of cells working together for a common function

d. A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function

Which branch of medicine is concerned with imaging, such as with X-rays? a. Histology b. Immunology c. Cytology d. Radiology

d. Radiology

Which of the following is made by joining two or more different atoms together? a. electron b. element c. neutron d. molecule

d. molecule

The general process of eliminating metabolic waste products from the body is called _______.

excretion

A difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variable between one point and another is called a ________.

gradient

Which languages are most medical terms derived from? (2)

latin, greek

A molecule of large size and high molecular weight, such as a protein, nucleic acid, polysaccharide, or triglyceride is called a ______?

macromolecule

A self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is known as _______ feedback.

positive

The suffix _______ means "the study of."

-ology

_____ is the study of body structures.

Anatomy

In performing a physical examination, the act of listening to sounds made by the body is known as _________.

Auscultation

The study of normal tissues, or group of cells and their surrounding extracellular materials, is called

Histology

What word describes a single complete individual?

Organism

study of disease mechanisms

Pathophysiology

An organelle is best described as which of the following? a. a substance made up of two or more atoms b. a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual function c. The smallest particle of matter with unique chemical properties

b. A microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual function

Hypo- means what?

below

What is the name for the process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationship?

dissection

The internal state of the body is best described as a(n) _________ equilibrium, where there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point.

dynamic

Endo- means what?

within, into

physiology of hormones

Endocrinology

Proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides are which of the following? a. minerals b. cofactors c. macromolecules d. monomers

c. macromolecules

The structure that closes a cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell is the ______ membrane.

plasma

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n) ________.

tissue

Di- means what?

two

Place in order from smallest/simplest to largest/most complex - organ - atom - tissue - cell - organ system - organism

1. atom 2. cell 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. organism

Which of the following are examples of a positive feedback mechanism? 1. maintenance of normal body temperatures 2. maintenance of normal blood pressure 3. contractions during childbirth 4. formation of a blood clot

3. contractions during childbirth 4. formation of blood clot

physiology of the nervous system

7. Neurophysiology