Leaving Cert Chemistry - pH, Indicators and Acids and Bases (definitions)
Brønsted-Lowry Base
A base is a proton acceptor
Arrhenius Base
A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
Brønsted-Lowry Strong Base
A good proton acceptor
Brønsted-Lowry Strong Acid
A good proton donor
Brønsted-Lowry Weak Base
A poor proton acceptor
Brønsted-Lowry Weak Acid
A poor proton donor
Arrhenius Strong Acid
A substance that almost completely dissociates in water to produce H+ ions
Arrhenius Strong Base
A substance that dissociates almost completely in water to produce OH- ions
Arrhenius Weak Acid
A substance that only slightly dissociates in water to produce H+ ions
Arrhenius Weak Base
A substance that only slightly dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
An acid and a base which only differ by one proton
Brønsted-Lowry Acid
An acid is a proton donor
Arrhenius Acid
An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions
Conjugate Acid
Arises when a base accepts a proton
Conjugate Base
Arises when an acid donates a proton
Ionic Product of Water
Kw = [H+][OH-]
pH
Minus the log to the base 10 of the H+ concentration
Indicators
Substances that change colour according to the pH of the solution they are placed in
Range of Indicator
The pH interval over which there is a clear change of colour for that indicator
Neutralisation
The reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water
