Lecture Exam 2 Superset
"________ is when the heart can't maintain adequate cardiac output. - Heart failure - Murmur - Flutter - Coronary heart disease - Fibrillation"
Heart failure
"A patient has an end-diastolic volume of 125 ml. A heart attack has weakened her left ventricle so it can pump a stroke volume of only 40 ml. Calculate her end-systolic volume. - 5000 ml - 85 ml - 3.1 ml - There is not enough data given to calculate the end-systolic volume. - 165 ml"
85 ml
"Which of the following statements is true about platelets? - Platelets live for less than two weeks. - Platelets are not cells. - The spleen is a storage organ for a large platelet population. - All of the answers are correct. - Platelets clump together at a site of injury."
All of the answers are correct.
"Which of the following would increase heart rate? - increased levels of epinephrine - increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node - faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential - decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers - All of the answers are correct."
All of the answers are correct.
"Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? - are involved in cell mediated immunity - produce antibodies in response to antigens - often elevated in allergic individuals - adhere to collagen beneath endothelium - kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide"
are involved in cell mediated immunity
"The ________ carry blood away from the heart. - arterioles - capillaries - arteries - venules - veins"
arteries
"An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to - decrease heart rate. - decrease blood pressure. - both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure. - both increase heart rate and increase pressure. - increase heart rate."
both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.
"The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the - aorta - coronary sulcus - inferior vena cava - coronary sinus - superior vena cava"
coronary sinus
"Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will - increase contractility. - decrease the end-systolic volume. - decrease heart rate. - increase cardiac output. - increase heart rate."
decrease heart rate.
"When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber - remains the same. - increases. - decreases."
decreases.
"Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except - increasing heart rate. - decreasing end systolic volume. - increasing ejection fraction. - decreasing ejection fraction. - increasing stroke volume."
decreasing ejection fraction.
"The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from - repolarization of the atria. - depolarization of the atria. - depolarization of the AV node. - the SA node. - depolarization of the ventricles."
depolarization of the atria.
"Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? - often elevated in allergic individuals - kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide - adhere to collagen beneath endothelium - helper cells are one type - develop into plasma cells"
develop into plasma cells
"The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells. - sedimentation rate - differential count - complete cell count (CBC) - WBC count - hematocrit"
differential count
"What volume is labeled ""F"" on the graph? - end-diastolic volume - stroke volume - total cardiac volume - cardiac output - end-systolic volume"
end-diastolic volume
"The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. - epicardium - myocardium - visceral pericardium - endocardium - mediastinum"
endocardium
"Figure 19-1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed ElementsUse Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions:Identify the cell labeled ""3."" - basophil - erythrocyte - lymphocyte - eosinophil - monocyte"
eosinophil
"The visceral pericardium is the same as the - mediastinum. - endocardium. - myocardium. - epicardium. - parietal pericardium."
epicardium.
"The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the - foramen ovale. - fossa ovalis. - interatrial septum. - ligamentum arteriosus. - coronary sinus."
foramen ovale.
"Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except - stroke volume. - the effects of drugs and poisons. - heart rate. - the duration of the ventricular action potential. - the condition of the conducting system."
stroke volume.
"The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the - atrial systole. - early diastolic filling phase. - late diastolic filling phase. - dicrotic phase. - systolic ejection phase."
systolic ejection phase.
"Blood is supplied to the myocardium by - arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries. - the coronary arteries. - contact with blood in the pumping chambers. - the coronary sinus. - arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries."
the coronary arteries.
"Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because - neural stimulation is lacking. - cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own. - the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. - potassium channels outnumber sodium channels. - the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes."
the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
"Jane has Type A blood therefore, she - makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood. - has antibodies to B agglutinogens. - can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only. - has B antigen on her RBCs. - can give blood to other people with Type A blood only."
has antibodies to B agglutinogens.
"Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of - thrombocytopenia - acidosis - hemorrhage - starvation - anemia"
hemorrhage
"All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are - important in coagulation. - active in fighting bacterial infections. - also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. - phagocytic. - granular leukocytes."
important in coagulation.
"The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the - left atrium. - left ventricle. - right atrium. - interatrial septum. - right ventricle."
interatrial septum.
"Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the - conus arteriosus. - left ventricle. - right atrium. - left atrium. - right ventricle."
left atrium.
"Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the - brachiocephalic artery. - pulmonary arteries. - phrenic arteries. - left coronary artery. - right coronary artery."
left coronary artery.
"The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the - left coronary artery. - interventricular artery. - right coronary artery. - coronary sinus. - aorta."
left coronary artery.
"Most of the mass of the heart lies - inferior to the midline. - on the midline of the body. - left of midline. - right of midline. - on the sagittal plane."
left of midline.
"Which of the following is NOT true of neutrophils? - can destroy bacteria - attracted to complement-coated bacteria - can exit capillaries - can make hydrogen peroxide - less abundant than lymphocytes"
less abundant than lymphocytes
"A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a - monocyte - basophil - lymphocyte - neutrophil - eosinophil"
lymphocyte
"The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the - lymphocytes - erythrocytes - monocytes - neutrophils - basophils"
lymphocytes
"Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade. - visceral pericardium - pericardial cavity - both atria - left ventricle - apex of heart"
pericardial cavity
"Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called - plaques - thrombi - emboli - clots - occlusions"
plaques
"Contractions of the papillary muscles - eject blood from the ventricles. - close the atrioventricular valves. - eject blood from the atria into the ventricles. - close the semilunar valves. - prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria."
prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
"Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit. - portal - oxygen - systemic - pulmonary - body"
pulmonary
"The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs. - systemic - body - pulmonary - oxygen - portal"
pulmonary
"Identify the structure labeled ""19."" - pulmonary semilunar valve - aortic semilunar valve - ligamentum arteriosum - tricuspid valve - bicuspid valve"
pulmonary semilunar valve
"The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the - kidneys - thymus - lymph nodes - red bone marrow - spleen"
red bone marrow
"The backward flow of blood from a ventricle to its atrium or from a outflow vessel to its ventricle is called - fibrillation. - regurgitation. - stenosis. - emesis. - flutter."
regurgitation.
"The right ventricle pumps blood to the - left ventricle. - aorta. - right and left lungs. - left atrium. - right atrium."
right and left lungs.
"The ________ receives blood from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. - aorta - right ventricle - left atrium - right atrium - left ventricle"
right atrium
"Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the - conus arteriosus. - left atrium. - right ventricle. - right atrium. - left ventricle."
right atrium.
"The wall of the ________ rests on the diaphragm. - aorta - right ventricle - left ventricle - right atrium - left atrium"
right ventricle
"The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the - left atrium. - pulmonary veins. - pulmonary trunk. - aorta. - right ventricle."
right ventricle.
"Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? - 10 - 13 - 5 - 16 - both 5 and 16"
16
"The systolic part (both atrial and ventricular) of a cardiac cycle lasts, on average, - 800 msec - 5 seconds - 100 msec - 3 seconds - 370 msec"
370 msec
"There are ________ pulmonary veins. - 2 - 4 - 8 - 12 - 6"
4
"In what order would excitation move through the conducting system of the heart?1. Purjunkie fibers2. AV bundle3. AV node4. SA node5. bundle branches - 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 - 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 - 3, 5, 4, 2, 1 - 3, 2, 4, 5, 1 - 4, 2, 3, 5, 1"
4, 3, 2, 5, 1
"The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart.1. Purkinje fibers2. AV bundle3. AV node4. SA node5. bundle branchesThe sequence in which excitation would move through this system is - 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. - 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. - 4, 2, 3, 5, 1. - 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. - 3, 2, 4, 5, 1."
4, 3, 2, 5, 1.
"The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters. - 5.3 - 3.8 - 6 to 8 - 4.4 - 10"
5.3
"The adult heart is roughly the size of - a man's clenched fist. - the brain. - the gallbladder. - the hand of a 10-year-old."
a man's clenched fist.
"What occurs at the area labeled ""C"" on the graph? - Semilunar valve opens. - Semilunar valve closes. - Ventricular filling begins. - AV valve closes. - AV valve opens."
AV valve closes.
"What occurs at the area labeled ""D"" on the graph? - Semilunar valve opens. - Diastolic filling begins. - AV valve opens and filling of ventricles begins. - Ventricle contracts. - AV valve opens."
AV valve opens and filling of ventricles begins.
"The first heart sound is heard when the - AV valves close. - atria contract. - AV valves open. - blood enters the aorta. - semilunar valves close."
AV valves close.
"Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell. - action potentials - ionic currents - All of the answers are correct - electrical signals - the force of contraction"
All of the answers are correct
"An infected wound contains typically contains - pus. - dead neutrophils. - All of the answers are correct. - cellular debris. - tissue fluids."
All of the answers are correct.
"Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following? - release of CK-MB into the circulation - switch to anaerobic metabolism - release of enzymes into the circulation - release of troponin T and I into the circulation - All of the answers are correct."
All of the answers are correct.
"Drugs known as calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine can be used to - All of the answers are correct. - decrease blood pressure. - produce a negative inotropic effect. - dilate the coronary arteries. - decrease the force of cardiac contraction."
All of the answers are correct.
"Which of the following is true about the atrial reflex? - also called Bainbridge reflex - triggered by atrial stretch receptors - All of the answers are correct. - triggered by increasing venous return - depends on sympathetic innervation"
All of the answers are correct.
"Which of the following is true of basophils? - attract other defense cells - granules contain histamine - granules contain heparin - All of the answers are correct. - constitute about 1 percent of WBCs"
All of the answers are correct.
"Which of the following is true of eosinophils? - Allergic patients have many. - All of the answers are correct. - They have bilobed nucleus. - They constitute about 2 to 4 percent of WBCs. - Granules stain with eosin dyes."
All of the answers are correct.
"________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate. - Cardiac tamponade bradycardia - Bradycardia tachycardia - Angina infarction - Bradycardia cardiomyopathy - Tachycardia bradycardia"
Bradycardia tachycardia
"What occurs at the area labeled ""B"" on the graph? - Semilunar valve opens. - AV valve opens. - Ventricular ejection occurs. - Semilunar valve closes. - AV valve closes."
Semilunar valve closes.
"Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles? - The right ventricle is conical-shaped while the left ventricle is half-moon shaped. - The right ventricles pumps blood to the body, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. - The right ventricle pumps with more force compared to the left. - The left ventricles pumps twice as much blood as the right ventricle. - The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle."
The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.
"Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle? - The actin and myosin myofilaments are not arranged in sarcomeres. - Its main source of ATP production is glycogen. - Cardiac muscle goes into sustained contractions faster than skeletal muscle. - There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles. - Cardiac muscle preferentially metabolizes anaerobically."
There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles.
"In cardiac muscle, - about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell. - calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. - calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules. - calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction. - calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase."
about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.
"Which of the following is NOT true of monocytes? - are long-lived - enter tissues and wander - can phagocytize bacteria - about same size as basophils - become macrophages"
about same size as basophils
"End-systolic volume is defined as the - amount of blood a ventricle ejects per cycle. - amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction. - amount of blood remaining in an atrium after atrial systole. - amount of blood which backflows into a ventricle. - stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate."
amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction.
"Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space? - pericardial cavity - aorta - right atrium - visceral pericardium - apex of heart"
apex of heart
"The ear-like extension of the atrium is the - atricle - auricle. - coronary sinus. - coronary sulcus. - ventricle"
auricle.
"Figure 19-1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed ElementsUse Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions:Identify the cell labeled ""4."" - monocyte - platelet - basophil - neutrophil - lymphocyte"
basophil
"Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase? - alpha-one - beta-two - beta-one - preganglionic - muscarinic"
beta-one
"The bicuspid or mitral valve is located - in the opening of the aorta. - between the left atrium and left ventricle. - in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. - where the venae cavae join the right atrium. - between the right atrium and right ventricle."
between the left atrium and left ventricle.
"The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. - tricuspid - semilunar - semicaval - bicuspid - pulmonic"
bicuspid
"During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are - contracting. - depolarizing. - relaxing. - repolarizing. - both repolarizing and relaxing."
both repolarizing and relaxing.
"Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of - fibrocytes. - chondrocytes. - cardiac muscle cells. - smooth muscle cells. - epitheliocytes."
cardiac muscle cells.
"The ________ is the difference between the resting and maximal cardiac output. - end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume - stroke volume - ejection fraction - cardiac reserve"
cardiac reserve
"The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as - cardiac tamponade. - pericarditis. - pleural effusion. - cardiomyopathy. - mitral valve prolapse."
cardiac tamponade.
"The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________. - interventricular artery left ventricle - coronary arteries left ventricle - cardiac vein right ventricle - cardiac veins right atrium - right atrium right ventricle"
cardiac veins right atrium
"The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to - chordae tendineae. - papillary muscles. - coronary sulci. - interatrial septa. - trabeculae carneae."
chordae tendineae.
"The structures responsible for distributing excitation to the contractile cells are - contractile cells. - pacemaker cells. - conducting cells. - intercalated cells. - intermodal cells."
conducting cells.
"A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called - balloon angioplasty. - ablation. - coronary arterial bypass graft. - intravenous catheterization. - atherectomy."
coronary arterial bypass graft.
"The coronary sulcus is a groove that - marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles. - marks the boundary line between the right and left atria. - separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins. - separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. - marks the border between the atria and ventricles."
marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
"In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the - mediastinum. - pleural space. - ventral cavity. - pericardial space. - cardiac notch."
mediastinum.
"The space between the pleural cavities is called the - mediastinum. - myocardium. - subcardium. - endocardium. - epicardium."
mediastinum.
"Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the - higher centers - hypothalamus - pons - thalamus - medulla oblongata"
medulla oblongata
"Identify the cell labeled ""5."" - lymphocyte - erythrocyte - eosinophil - basophil - monocyte"
monocyte
"Figure 19-1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed ElementsUse Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions:Identify the cell labeled ""2."" - monocyte - lymphocyte - neutrophil - basophil - eosinophil"
neutrophil
"During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of - reticulocytes - neutrophils - basophils - eosinophils - thrombocytes"
neutrophils
"Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells? - platelets - lymphocytes and monocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes - lymphocytes - basophils and eosinophils"
neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
"In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft, a cardiac surgeon must - visualize the pulmonary valve. - open the myocardium to see the AV valves. - All of the answers are correct. - visualize the carotid arteries. - open the pericardial sac."
open the pericardial sac.
"The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. - deoxygenated right atrium - deoxygenated left atrium - oxygenated right lung - oxygenated left atrium - deoxygenated superior vena cava"
oxygenated left atrium
"Identify the structure(s) labeled "8" - papillary muscles - trabeculae carneae - moderator band - pectinate muscles - chordae tendineae"
papillary muscles
"What occurs at the circled label ""5"" on the graph? - ventricular refilling - peak systolic pressure - isovolumetric systole - increased heart rate - isovolumetric contraction"
peak systolic pressure
"Plasminogen is converted to its active form by an enzyme called - polymerase. - tissue plasminogen activator. - fibrinolysin. - papain. - prothrombin."
tissue plasminogen activator.
"The T wave on an ECG tracing represents - atrial depolarization. - ventricular depolarization. - atrial repolarization. - ventricular contraction. - ventricular repolarization."
ventricular repolarization.
"Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a - pH of 7.4. - red color from hemoglobin. - built-in system for clotting. - temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. - viscosity about the same as water."
viscosity about the same as water.
