Lecture Topic 28 - Transcription

14. The enzyme that initiates transcriptions is 1. DNA polymeras5. 2. reverse transcriptase. 3. DNA ligase. 4. RNA ribosylase. 5. RNA polymerase.

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15. During transcription, RNA polymerase assembles an RNA strand with a nucleotide sequence, which, compared to the DNA strand being read, is 1. complementary. 2. in precisely the reverse order. 3. random. 4. the same in all respects. 5. the same, except that U substitutes for T.

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18. Select the best fitting description for rRNA. 1. Smallest of the RNA molecules; many different kinds. 2. Single long strand that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 3. Part of chromosomes; contain the basic genetic information of the cell. 4. Genome of an RNA virus. 5. Made in the nucleus; provides the scaffolding of protein synthesis.

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24. Which of the following is a characteristic of uracil? 1. The ability to bond with adenine. 2. The ability to bond with guanine. 3. It is a purine. 4. The ability to bond with cytosine. 5. It contains two nitrogenous rings.

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25. Uracil forms a complementary pair with ____________ in RNA and _____________ in DNA. 1. adenine; adenine 2. adenine; thymine 3. thymine; thymine 4. uracil; adenine 5. adenine; uracil

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26. Initiation of transcription requires: 1. a promoter sequence. 2. DNA polymerase. 3. an RNA primer. 4. a DNA primer. 5. Okazaki fragments.

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5. Select the process that most closely identifies transcription. 1. DNA RNA. 2. nucleolus rRNA. 3. mRNA protein. 4. vRNA DNA. 5. protein tRNA.

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9. A gene can now be defined as: 1. a DNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific RNA or protein product. 2. a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide. 3. a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a single polypeptide. 4. a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce an enzyme. 5. a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide.

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11. What is carried from the nucleus by mRNA? 1. enzymes. 2. fragments of DNA. 3. information. 4. protein molecules. 5. ribosomes.

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16. Select the best fitting description for mRNA. 1. Smallest of the RNA molecules; many different kinds. 2. Single long strand that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 3. Part of chromosomes; contain the basic genetic information of the cell. 4. Genome of an RNA virus. 5. Made in the nucleus; provides the scaffolding of protein synthesis.

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22. RNA differs from DNA in all the following except: 1. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded. 2. RNA is a larger molecule than DNA. 3. RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine. 4. RNA contains ribose and DNA contains deoxyribose. 5. None of the above.

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3. Genes are expressed by directing 1. adaptation to a new environment. 2. formation of offspring. 3. growth. 4. metabolism. 5. production of specific polypeptides.

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7. Select the process that best describes TRANSCRIPTION. 1. Movement of ribosomes along mRNA. 2. Synthesis of RNA from DNA. 3. Linkage of amino acid to tRNA. 4. conversion of nucleotide sequence in amino acid sequence. 5. Addition of amino acid to growing polypeptide chain.

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12. The information on how to make specific proteins is carried in the DNA in a code specified by the 1. distance from the end of the molecule. 2. number of separate strands in the DNA. 3. sequence of nucleotides. 4. size of the molecule. 5. presence of specific nucleotides in the molecule.

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19. Whereas DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, RNA contains 1. deoxyribose and thymine. 2. deoxyribose and uracil. 3. ribose and uracil. 4. deoxyribose and thymine.

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20. Consider the following sequence of DNA: C C G T A T G C T G C C. The mRNA synthesized from this DNA is 1. CCGTATGCTGCC. 2. CCGAUAGCAGCC. 3. GGCAUACGACGG. 4. GGCATACGACGG. 5. GGCTATCGTCGG.

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23. Ribose differs from deoxyribose by having: 1. two attached bases. 2. one less oxygen. 3. an extra hydroxyl group. 4. an extra carbon in the ring. 5. None of the above.

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4. Select the best fitting description for DNA DUPLEX. 1. Smallest of the RNA molecules; many different kinds. 2. Single long strand that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 3. Part of chromosomes; contain the basic genetic information of the cell. 4. Genome of an RNA virus. 5. Made in the nucleus; provides the scaffolding of protein synthesis.

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6. Select the process that most closely identifies translation. 1. DNA RNA. 2. nucleolus rRNA. 3. mRNA protein. 4. vRNA DNA. 5. protein tRNA.

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17. Select the best fitting description for tRNA. 1. Smallest of the RNA molecules; many different kinds. 2. Single long strand that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 3. Part of chromosomes; contain the basic genetic information of the cell. 4. Genome of an RNA virus. 5. Made in the nucleus; provides the scaffolding of protein synthesis.

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8. RNA synthesis is also known as: 1. elongation. 2. reverse transcription. 3. termination. 4. translation. 5. transcription.

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2. The genetic information in the DNA molecule is contained in the a. specific sequence of bases in the chain. b. hydrogen bonds between opposing bases. c. phosphodiester bonds. e. histone interactions. e. DNA polymerase activity.

A

32. Transcription is the process by which ___________ is/are synthesized. a. mRNA only b. mRNA and tRNA c. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA d. protein e. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and protein

A

1. The "steps" or "rungs" that form the center of the DNA double helix are a. amino acids. b. carbohydrates. c. five-carbon sugars. d. base pairs. e. phosphate groups.

D

10. What is the correct order of information flow in bacterial and eukaryotic cells? a. DNA---mRNA---protein b. Protein---mRNA---DNA c. DNA---protein---mRNA d. Protein---DNA---mRNA e. mRNA---protein---DNA

a

33. RNA differs from DNA in that the base _________________ is substituted for _____________. a. adenine; uracil b. uracil; thymine c. guanine; uracil d. cytosine; guanine e. guanine; adenine

b

34. RNA grows in the ________ direction, as RNA polymerase moves along the template DNA strand in the __________ direction. a. 5'---3'; 3'---5' b. 3'---5'; 3'---5' c. 5'---3'; 5'---3' d. 3'---5'; 5'---5' e. 5'---5'; 3'---3'

c

31. During transcription, how many RNA nucleotide bases would usually be encoded by a sequence of 99 DNA molecules? a. 297 b. 99 c. 33 d. 11 e. Answer is impossible to determine with the information given.

e