lesson 3

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which is the correct order of a child's behavior as he or she ages?

1. the child develops autonomy by making choices 2. the child develops feelings of superego or conscience 3. the child concentrates on work and play 4. the child is concerned about appearance and body image

According to Piaget, which statement describes the concrete operation stage?

during this stage, children are able to perform mental operations

the function of freud's defense mechanism is to

relieve anxiety

A young adult tells the nurse, "Society needs to be educated regarding involving people affected with AIDS into the social sphere." According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what stage does the statement indicate

social contract orientation

the theorist who proposed a psychosocial theory that human development occurs as a result of interactions among the environment, culture, and the individual was

Daniel Levinson

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which statement about conventional reasoning is true

a person wants to fulfill family expectations

A nursing student is listing various stages of Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which situation indicates that the individual has reached the Instrumental Relativist Orientation stage?

an individual identifies that there is more than one right view

which component of the human personality, according to freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately

ego

the best advice to parents who want to encourage autonomy in their toddler would be to

encourage the toddler to do things for himself

According to the video, what were some reasons the tuberculosis rate dropped in the United States between 1900 and 1940

infected persons were removed and isolated

The nurse finds that a mother severely punishes her 2-year-old child. Which would the nurse advise the mother, according to Erikson's theory?

your child needs support and love or else he or she may develop feelings of shame and doubt

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group

good boy nice girl orientation

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding Postconventional Reasoning needs correction

in this level, emphasis is given on social rules and a community - centered approach

Which situation would the nurse address to meet the safety and security needs of the client according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs

I do not want to talk to any stranger because I fear that they might take away my things

Which is the similarity between the preoperational period and the formal operations period of Piaget's theory?

both periods explain the idea of egocentric thought in an individual

What is the similarity between stages 5 and 6 of Kohlberg's theory?

both stages are associated with post conventional reasoning

according to freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship

conflict resolution

The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding 'Preconventional Reasoning' needs correction

in this level, the client sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of societal and others' expectations

In which stage of Piaget's theory of growth and development does an infant develop an action pattern to deal with the environment

sensorimotor

The nurse is examining different statements that represent the stages of psychosexual development, according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. Which statement indicates that the individual is aged between 6 to 12 years?

the individual focuses on educational and social accomplishments

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, mastery of which task increases a child's ability to cope with separation or pending separation from significant others?

trust

According to which stage of Kohlberg's theory would a nurse ask a higher authority to reduce the treatment expenses of a low-income client

universal ethical principle orientation

A nurse is examining different situations that represent the superego component of human personality, as per Sigmund Freud. Which situations accurately represent superego? Select all that apply

-a client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels -a client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more -a client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal

A nurse is evaluating different situations on the basis of the components of human personality as mentioned by Sigmund Freud. Which situations represent the id component? Select all that apply

-a client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility -a client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing -a client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member

A nursing student gives different examples representing the components of human personality, according to Sigmund Freud. Which examples mentioned by the nursing student represent the component ego? Select all that apply

-a client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward -a client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present -a client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight

Which description by a student of the formal operations stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-there is an absence of egocentric thought -reversibility in thought is the primary characteristic

According to the video, how many people in the world do public health experts estimate carry the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, yet most will never become sick

2 billion

Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which member of the wedding party shows failure to meet their developmental crisis?

bride, aged 25 years, abruptly leaves the church just before the marriage ceremony starts

Which situation would the nurse address first according to Maslow's hierarchy

complains of sleeplessness due to pain post surgery

Which statement made by the client indicates the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl -I want to get clear skin like my best friend -I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot

Which statements by a 17-year-old client who is diagnosed with leukemia reflects Piaget's cognitive processes associated with adolescence? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-I'm going to do my best to fight this awful disease -now I can't go to prom because I have this stupid disease -this illness is serious

Which examples mentioned by the nurse belong to the third level of needs according to Maslow's hierarchy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-a client is depressed because his or her spouse has passed away -a client wants to reconnect with old friends after being diagnosed with cancer -a client never goes to family gatherings because he or she is not accepted by family members

Which situations belong to the first level of needs according to Maslow's hierarchy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-a client is homeless' -a client reports feeling dizzy for 2 days -a client reports that he or she is unable to consume food because of throat pain

Which does the intimacy versus isolation stage of Erikson's theory of development include? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

-an individual develops a sense of identity and depends his or her capacity to love others and care for them -an individual searches for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship with another person -an individual may develop fears, rejection, and disappointment if unable to establish companionship and intimacy

Which of these statements are true about an adolescent according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that apply

-an individual's thoughts are influenced by moral decisions and behaviors -an individual expands his or her focus from a relationship with others to social concerns

Which activities would the nurse recommend to a middle-age adult client to find a sense of fulfillment, according to Erikson? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

-attending church functions -becoming involved at a local hospital -volunteering to coach for a grandchild's soccer team

According to Piaget's theory, which of these is true about the period of formal operations? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities -children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience

Which social determinants of health may influence a person's developing tuberculosis

-health care access and quality -economic stability -neighborhood and built environment

Which activities would the nurse perform to meet the client's safety and security needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up -monitoring vital signs, such as BP to decrease the risk of falls -observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents

According to Erikson's theory, which behaviors will the nurse notice in 13-year-old students? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

-such students want to know who am I? -such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance

Which information would the nurse provide about the sensorimotor period of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

-the child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment -the child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy -the child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions

Which statement is true of the middle childhood stage according to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning? Select all that apply

-the child is in the conventional level -the child develops a good boy nice girl orientation

A nursing instructor asks a student about the development of adolescents according to Piaget's theory. Which statement made by the student about adolescents indicates a need for further education? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

-using knowledge to achieve a goal is emphasized -they have the ability to recognize different answers for different situations

According to the video, what is the percent of diabetes in the Marshalls Islands?

30%

the characteristic common to all developmental models is that

development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan

An older adult was admitted to a long-term care facility for difficulties with activities of daily living. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which intervention would the nurse use to assist the client to fulfill her or his developmental task?

engage the client in reminiscence about past achievements

Match each statement to the correct stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development 1. the child is able to describe a process without actually doing it 2. the child demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness 3. the child develops an action pattern for dealing with the environment 4. the child develops egocentrism and animism

1. formal operations 2. formal operations 3. sensorimotor 4. preoperational

according to freud, in what order do the stages of child development occur

1. oral 2. anal 3. oedipal (phallic) 4. latency 5. genital

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, in which order would the nurse prioritize his or her actions

1. providing a warm bath to the client to promote a good night's sleep 2. encouraging the client to talk about his or her fears and feelings 3. assisting the client in getting out of bed to join family members for meals 4. praising the client for administering insulin accurately

Match each stage with the correct name for Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning 1. social order 2. individualism and exchange 3. good interpersonal relationships 4. punishment and obedience orientation 5. universal ethical principle orientation 6. social contract orientation

1. stage 6 2. stage 2 3. stage 6 4. stage 1 5. stage 6 6. stage 6

behavior modification is basically designed to

alter current behavior patterns

To promote a sense of industry in a hospitalized school-age child, the health-care worker should:

ask the child to help pick up all the stuffed toys in the playroom

According to Piaget's cognitive theory, at which stage will fear of surgery have the most effect on preoperative teaching?

preoperational

According to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning, at which phase of life would a child develop premoral orientation?

preschool

An adolescent tells the nurse, "I do not go to parties that serve alcohol, not because my dad doesn't like it, but because I know this is not right." What STAGE does the statement indicate according to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

society - maintaining orientation

Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which response is the most therapeutic to help an older adult who is struggling to achieve her or his developmental task?

tell me about your past accomplishments

Why have some Marshall Islanders moved to Springdale, Arkansas

the Marshallese can live and work in the United States freely, without a visa under a treaty, and jobs are plentiful in the food processing plants there

Which is true about the preoperational period of Piaget's theory

the child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does

Which statement made by the nursing student needs correction about Maslow's hierarchy of needs

the fourth level contains love and belonging needs

According to Erikson's theory, which suggestion would the nurse make to the parent of a preschooler who is worried about ongoing conflicts with the child because of strict behavior standards?

you could cooperate with the child's desires within reason to avoid guilt and frustration for your child