Lesson 3 - Introduction to Internet Technology

Which of the following is used solely to resolve human-readable domain names into their computer-readable IP addresses?

Domain name servers

Why might a Web page appear differently in different browsers?

Each browser interprets HTML somewhat differently.

Which of the following connection types provides the fastest direct connection speed?

Fiber-optic cable

hypertext link

Highlighted or underlined text in a Web page that, when clicked, links the user to another location or Web page.

Which of the following is an accurate description of cloud computing?

Hosted applications and services offered by a third party and run almost entirely from one or more servers that reside on the Internet

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

The Internet protocol used by news servers that enables the exchange of newsgroup (Usenet) articles.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

The Internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another.

bandwidth

The amount of information, sometimes called traffic, that can be carried on a network at one time. The total capacity of a line. Also, the rate of data transfer over a network connection; measured in bits per second.

fully qualified domain name (FQDN)

The complete domain name of an Internet computer, such as www.CIWcertified.com.

Internet Protocol (IP)

The data transmission standard for the Internet. Every computer connected to the Internet has its own IP address, which enables a packet of data to be delivered to a specific computer.

top-level domain

The group into which a domain is categorized, by common topic (company, educational institution) and/or geography (country, state).

backbone

The highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller networks typically connect.

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

The international organization responsible for allocation of IP addresses. Part of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

What is Internet Protocol (IP)?

The protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The protocol for transporting HTML documents across the Internet.

What is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS)?

The right-side component of a domain name, which categorizes domains into groups by common type or geography

What is the primary function of a network server?

To act as a central repository of programs and data to which all users connected to the network have access

What is the main purpose of a file server?

To store shared data

What enables dissimilar systems connected to the Internet to communicate with one another?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

A LAN can be connected to the Internet by a router, provided that the LAN uses:

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

What is a wide area network (WAN)?

Two or more local area networks (LANs) that span a wide geographic area

What is the term for a software application that enables users to access and view Web pages on the Internet?

Web browser

What is the term for a collection of related HTML documents located on a host computer on the Internet?

Web site

Which of the following protocols can connect an entire network to the Internet?

Which of the following protocols can connect an entire network to the Internet?

Which of the following top-level domains would generally refer to an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

net

Direct Internet connections:

provide continuous access to the Internet through permanent network connections.

In the client/server model:

the server is responsible for storing and providing information.

Each segment of a dotted quad consists of a number between:

0 and 255.

How many bits does the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address format use?

128

Which device connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speeds?

4G mobile hotspot

To which type of server are you usually transferred when you download software programs and documents from Web sites?

A File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

A U.S. Department of Defense agency that created the first global computer network.

Web site

A World Wide Web server and its content; includes multiple Web pages.

hexadecimal

A base-16 number system that allows large numbers to be displayed by fewer characters than if the number were displayed in the regular base-10 system. In hexadecimal, the number 10 is represented as the letter A, 15 is represented as F, and 16 is represented as 10.

Web page

An HTML document containing one or more elements (text, images, hyperlinks) that can be linked to or from other HTML pages.

domain name

An IP address represented in words.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

An Internet protocol used to transfer files between computers; allows file transfer without corruption or alteration.

National Science Foundation (NSF)

An independent agency of the U.S. government that promotes the advancement of science and engineering.

client

An individual computer connected to a network. Also, a system or application (such as a Web browser or user agent) that requests a service from another computer (the server) and is used to access files or documents.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

An organization that maintains a gateway to the Internet and rents access to customers on a per-use or subscription basis.

What happens when you click a hypertext link?

Another location in the same Web page or another Web page appears.

node

Any entity on a network that can be managed, such as a system, repeater, router, gateway, switch or firewall. A computer or other addressable device attached to a network; a host.

How are wide area networks (WANs) created?

By connecting LANs to one another via public carriers

xDSL

Collectively, the variations of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), which include ADSL, RADSL and HDSL.

Which of the following is a common advantage of cloud computing?

Cost reduction

What is the name of the problem-solving model in which a task ordinarily performed by one person is outsourced to a large group or community in order to obtain and analyze large amounts of data?

Crowdsourcing

packet

Data processed by protocols so it can be sent across a network.

What are E carriers?

Dedicated digital telephone lines used in Europe

What are T carriers?

Dedicated digital telephone lines used in North America

What are fractional T and E lines?

Digital phone lines consisting of one or more individual T or E carrier channels, rather than the entire T or E carrier line

network interface card (NIC)

A circuit board within a computer's central processing unit that serves as the interface enabling the computer to connect to a network.

Usenet (User Network)

A collection of thousands of Internet computers, newsgroups and newsgroup members using Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) to exchange information.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

A communication standard for sending voice, video or data over digital telephone lines.

server

A computer in a network that manages the network resources and provides, or serves, information to clients.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

A computer network, funded by ARPA, that served as the basis for early networking research and was the backbone during the development of the Internet.

host

A computer that other computers can use to gain information. In network architecture, a host is a client or workstation.

standard

A definition or format that has been approved by a recognized standards organization.

4G mobile hotspot

A device that connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speeds.

wireless access point (AP)

A device that enables wireless systems to communicate with each other, provided that they are on the same network.

router

A device that routes packets between networks based on network-layer addresses; determines the best path across a network. Also used to connect separate LANs to form a WAN.

wide area network (WAN)

A group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area so their users can share files and services.

What is a local area network (LAN)?

A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area

local area network (LAN)

A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area.

network

A group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate with one another.

In computer terminology, what is a network?

A group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate, share resources and exchange information with one another

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

A high-speed direct Internet connection that uses all-digital networks.

virtual domain

A hosting service that allows a company to host its domain name on a third-party ISP server.

shared domain

A hosting service that allows multiple entities to share portions of the same domain name.

gateway

A node on a network that serves as a portal to other networks.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

A protocol that allows a computer to connect to the Internet over a phone line.

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

A protocol that implements PPP on top of the Ethernet architecture to connect an entire network to the Internet.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. Similar to POP, but is more powerful. Allows sharing of mailboxes and multiple mail server access. The current version is IMAP4.

root-level server

A server at the highest level of the Domain Name System.

domain name server

A server that resolves domain names into IP addresses.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A set of software programs that enables users to access resources on the Internet via hypertext documents.

Web browser

A software application that enables users to access and view Web pages on the Internet.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

A suite of protocols that turns data into blocks of information called packets, which are then sent across the Internet. The standard protocol used by the Internet.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A system that maps uniquely hierarchical names to specific Internet addresses.

What is the Internet?

A worldwide network of interconnected networks

Internet

A worldwide network of interconnected networks.

modem

Abbreviation for modulator/ demodulator. An analog device that enables computers to communicate over telephone lines by translating digital data into audio/ analog signals (on the sending computer) and then back into digital form (on the receiving computer).

Which of the following wireless mode types uses a centralized access point known as a wireless access point (AP)?

Infrastructure

In the client/server environment, what is the main function of client software?

It enables users to communicate with and request information from the server.

What function does the Domain Name System (DNS) perform?

It resolves IP addresses into easily recognizable text-based names.

What is the term for a device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals and back again?

Modem

Which server type provides text output that users can access at their convenience and also allows multi-person input?

News server

newsgroup

On Usenet, a subject or other topical interest group whose members exchange ideas and opinions. Participants post and receive messages via a news server.

Which of the following enabled private (i.e., commercial) business to be conducted over networks connected to NSFnet?

Private telecommunications companies

What is the term for a server at the highest level of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

Root-level server

What is the term for a device that determines the best path for data to take across a network?

Router

4G (fourth generation)

Wireless phone network capable of delivering high-speed broadband Internet access to mobile devices.

In an IP address such as 72.44.192.233, the last number in the address (on the far right) identifies:

a specific computer.