Lesson 8 Quiz

Which of the following people is most likely to develop osteoporosis? - A child who drinks chocolate milk but not white milk - A slender menopausal woman - An overweight but physically active woman - An obese man

- A slender menopausal woman

Which affects the amount of water a person needs? (Select all that apply.) - Activity level - Age - Type of water - Temperature of environment

- Activity level - Age - Temperature of environment Many factors affect a person's need for water. Review "How Much Water Do I Need to Drink in a Day?" as needed.

Which is FALSE concerning the relationship between sodium or salt intake and high blood pressure? - Adding salt to foods at the table is responsible for the high rates of hypertension in the U.S. - In general, the higher the sodium intake the higher the blood pressure. - Some people are more sensitive to sodium intake than others. - Eating fruits and vegetables reduces the impact of dietary sodium on blood pressure.

- Adding salt to foods at the table is responsible for the high rates of hypertension in the U.S.

Which statement best describes what happens to calcium levels in the blood if a person's calcium intake is deficient? - Calcium absorption from food will decrease, making the problem worse. - Blood levels of calcium will stay the same because calcium will be withdrawn from the bones. - Blood levels of calcium will decrease proportionally to the dietary deficit. - Blood levels of calcium will decrease because calcium in bone cannot be used in the blood.

- Blood levels of calcium will stay the same because calcium will be withdrawn from the bones.

Which minerals are typically too low in American diets? - Calcium and iron - Iodine and zinc - Potassium and sodium

- Calcium and iron

Which is a function of water in the body? - Participates in the emulsification of fats - Carries nutrients throughout the body - Maintains body weight - Provides energy to the muscles

- Carries nutrients throughout the body

Which selection is highest in calcium? - Cottage cheese and cream cheese - Frozen yogurt and spinach - Cheddar cheese and low-fat milk - Buttermilk and cream

- Cheddar cheese and low-fat milk To answer this question correctly, you must consider the percent absorption along with the amount of calcium, and pay attention to fine details such as serving sizes. Good sources of calcium that are about equivalent to milk (listed on page 324) are yogurt, buttermilk, and cheese. Milk and cheddar cheese are also listed in Snapshot 8-1 on page 302. Notice the amount of calcium (325, 300 mg). Cottage cheese has about half the Ca as milk (page 302). Broccoli is also in Snapshot page 301, but 1½ cups (a lot!) gives only 93 mg. Page 324, Figure 8-15, notes 50% absorption. Cabbage is also at 50% absorption. That sounds good, a better absorption percent even than from milk and cheese, but that's still a small quantity of calcium from broccoli. [So this gets at the issue of "how good is good," according to these text authors.] Figure 8-15 shows almonds at 20% absorption. Butter, cream and cream cheese are negligible (page 302 last paragraph). Thus, the breakdown is: Options - Cottage cheese and cream cheese - Frozen yogurt and spinach - Buttermilk and cream - Cheddar cheese and low-fat milk Quality of Calcium Sources - 1 half-as-much-as milk and 1 negligible - 1 half-as-much-as milk and 1 very low absorption - 1 good and 1 negligible - 2 good a. Cheddar cheese and low-fat milk (1 half-as-much-as milk and 1 negligible) b. Buttermilk and cream (1 half-as-much-as milk and 1 very low absorption (I think it's useful to include spinach as a choice, as lots of people have read that spinach contains calcium...) c. Frozen yogurt and spinach (1 good and 1 negligible) d. Cottage cheese and cream cheese (2 good)

Which is a consequence of a very high intake of calcium from supplements? - Vomiting - Increased blood pressure - Muscle cramps - Constipation

- Constipation

Which combination of foods will increase BOTH iron content of the diet AND iron absorption? - Hamburger sandwich and orange juice - Lettuce salad with ranch dressing and sliced almonds - Egg and cheese omelet - Whole wheat cereal and milk

- Hamburger sandwich and orange juice

Which statement is accurate about fluoride? - Bottled water always has fluoride added during the bottling process. - Communities with fluoridated water have higher cancer rates. - Very few communities in the U.S. have fluoridated water. - In communities where water is not fluoridated the rate of dental decay is high.

- In communities where water is not fluoridated the rate of dental decay is high.

Select the activity below that would be LEAST likely to help a young woman build maximum bone density. - Increase her intake of meat protein. - Reduce her sodium intake. - Participate in a weight lifting class. - Drink vitamin D-fortified milk.

- Increase her intake of meat protein.

Which mineral deficiency results in a goiter? - Zinc - Iron - Calcium - Iodine

- Iodine

Which mineral is a part of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine? - Potassium - Iron - Selenium - Iodine

- Iodine

Which mineral makes up a part of the protein hemoglobin? - Zinc - Calcium - Iron - Selenium

- Iron

Which of the following symptoms would be the LEAST likely for a person who has ingested too much iron? - Irritability - Infections - Fatigue and joint pain - Abdominal pain

- Irritability This is a symptom. Review the symptoms of iron toxicity and deficiency in "What Happens in Iron Deficiency" and "Can a Person Take in Too Much Iron?" as needed.

Which mineral is found mainly in nuts, legumes, and whole grains? - Calcium - Magnesium - Iron - Iodine

- Magnesium

Which of the following are roles of calcium in the body? (Select all that apply.) - Muscle contraction and relaxation - Maintaining long-term memory - Bone mineralization - Nerve transmission - Blood clotting

- Muscle contraction and relaxation - Bone mineralization - Nerve transmission - Blood clotting Calcium has a variety of roles. Review "Calcium in Body Fluids" and "Calcium in Bone and Tooth Formation" as needed.

Which of these is a significant source of potassium? - Animal products - Processed foods - Wheat flour - Plants

- Plants

What happens to some nutrients as foods are processed? (Select all that apply.) - Potassium content decreases. - Sodium content decreases. - Potassium content increases. - Sodium content increases.

- Potassium content decreases. This is one common effect of food processing, but there is another effect as well. Review "Reducing Sodium Intake." - Sodium content increases. This is one common effect of food processing, but there is another effect as well. Processors don't actually add "sodium," but sodium is a part of salt as well as many useful additives. Review "Reducing Sodium Intake."

Which food is highest in readily absorbable iron? - Cottage cheese - Enriched bread - Onions - Red meat

- Red meat

Which type of exercise is most effective in preventing osteoporosis? - Weight-bearing - Cardiovascular - Aerobic

- Weight-bearing Although cardiovascular exercise is recommended as part of a healthy physical activity plan, another kind of exercise is recommended for building strong bones. Review "Controversy 8. Osteoporosis: Can Lifestyle Choices Reduce the Risk?" as needed.

Along with sodium, which of the following participates in fluid and electrolyte balance? - Zinc - Selenium - Potassium - Magnesium

Potassium