Life Science for Teachers

In all organisms, their intracellular and extracellular fluids are remarkably similar to that of seawater.

True

Like charges will repel, whereas opposite charges attract.

True

Using the analogy discussed in class; Atoms are like "letters of the alphabet", whereas molecules are more like "words."

True

Water acts as an acid as often as it acts as a base, and therefore has a neutral pH.

True

A neutral water molecule contains how many lone-pair electrons?

Two

What is the reason why oil and water don't mix?

Water can only mix with polar molecules

Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants? Water is an excellent solvent Water expands as it freezes Water exhibits cohesive behavior Water moderates temperature

Water exhibits cohesive behavior

All sugars end with the suffix

-ose

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At what temperature will liquid water freeze?

0 degrees Celsius / 32 degrees Farenheit

The effect of temperature on the relative rate of a human's enzyme activity is represented in the graph below. The effect of temperature on the relative rate of a human's enzyme activity is represented in the graph below.

37° C

A single water molecule can make up to_____ hydrogen bonds.

4

What is the physiological pH of the human body?

7.4

Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

Capillary action pulls the water molecules like a chain

An object has a mass of 20 grams and has a volume of 10 mL. Based on this objects density, it will float in water.

False

What is the unit used to measure mass/weight?

Gram

Stomach acid is also known as Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Hydrochloric acid HCl

Hydrochloric acid and HCl

What is the unit used to measure energy?

Joules (J)

Which macromolecule doesn't mix well with water?

Lipids

What is the unit used to measure distance/ length?

Meter

Palmitic acid, along with glycerol, can be used to make a fat molecule. Based on the type of covalent bonds, would palmitic acid form a saturated fat or unsaturated fat?

Saturated fat

A molecule of Carbon dioxide has a chemical formula of CO2. Which statement best describes the intramolecular forces within this molecule? The unequal sharing of electrons The equal sharing of electrons Covalent double bonds

The equal sharing of electrons and 2 covalent double bonds

A molecule of Methane has a chemical formula of CH4. Which statement best describes the intramolecular forces within this molecule? The unequal sharing of electrons The equal sharing of electrons Covalent single bonds

The equal sharing of electrons and 4 covalent single bonds

A molecule of Nitrogen has a chemical formula of N2. Which statement best describes the intramolecular forces within this molecule? The unequal sharing of electrons The equal sharing of electrons Covalent triple bond

The equal sharing of electrons and a covalent triple bond

A molecule of Hydrogen has a chemical formula of H2. Which statement best describes the intramolecular forces within this molecule? The unequal sharing of electrons The equal sharing of electrons A single covalent bond

The equal sharing of electrons and a single covalent bond

A molecule of Oxygen has a chemical formula of O2. Which statement best describes the intramolecular forces within this molecule? The unequal sharing of electrons The equal sharing of electrons Covalent double bond

The equal sharing of electrons and covalent double bond

What is the main function of cholesterol?

The main function of cholesterol in the body is to maintain the integrity and fluidity of cell membranes. It also serves as a precursor for the synthesis of substances that are vital for the organism including steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D.

Why can water have no net charge but have slight charges in different parts of the molecule?

The oxygen end is slightly negative and the hydrogen end is slightly positive

A molecule of Water has a chemical formula of H2O. Which statement best describes the intramolecular forces within this compound? The unequal sharing of electrons The equal sharing of electrons Covalent single bonds

The unequal sharing of electrons and 2 covalent single bonds

If you fill a glass to the brim with ice water and the ice melts, what will happen? 1. The water level will drop slightly as the ice melts. 2. The glass will overflow as the ice turns to water. 3. The level of water in the glass will remain unchanged as the ice melts. 4. None of the above

The water level will drop slightly as the ice melts.

What is a polymer?

They are many monomers joined together

What is a monomer?

They are small molecules that are used as building blocks

Based on the α-1-4 glycosidic linkage between the two glucose sugar molecules, would our animal cells be able to break this chemical bond, and therefore metabolize the maltose sugar?

Yes, we could break this glycosidic linkage, meaning we have enzymes needed to catalyze this reaction.

Water is a molecule that will interact with an atom or molecule when they are ions. they contain polar covalent bonds. they can make hydrogen bonds.

all of the above

What is a food example of a carbohydrate? Apple Bread Sugar

all of the above

Which is a monomer of proteins? nucleotide amino acid monosaccharide fatty acid

amino acid

To get the most out of your carbohydrate intake chose foods that contain complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, nuts, seeds, dry beans, legumes, peas, fruits and vegetables. For the hydrolysis of starch, the catalyst used is

amylase

The chemical equation below shows the process that produces the flashing light of a firefly. The molecule luciferin is broken down, and energy is released in the form of light. In this process, Luciferase functions as

an enzyme

Carbohydrates are given their name because they

are hydrates of carbon

Dietary fiber is an important part of the diet as it helps to prevent constipation, maintain bowel health and reduce blood levels of low-density lipoproteins, control blood glucose levels and may even help you lose weight. To which macromolecule does fiber belong?

carbohydrate

Which of the following cell parts is described as a "fluid mosaic"? chloroplast cell membrane endoplasmic reticulum vacuole

cell membrane

Carbohydrates can be used as a form of chemical energy. However, some carbohydrates are used to construct the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans. This polysaccharide is commonly called

chitin

Which bond type is the strongest?

covalent

The sugar that makes up DNA is called

deoxyribose

Which is a monomer of lipids? monosaccharide amino acid fatty acid nucleotide

fatty acid

This molecule, along with three fatty acids, is used to make a triglyceride. What is this molecule?

glycerol

Excess glucose is stored in cells of the liver and muscles as

glycogen

In polysaccharides, monosaccharides are joined by

glycosidic bonds

Which bond type is the weakest?

hydrogen bond

Intermolecular attractions between water molecules are called

hydrogen bonds

OH- is called the

hydroxide ion

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered "bad cholesterol" because

it can cause blockage of the arteries

High density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered "good cholesterol" because

it keeps cholesterol from building up in the lining of the arteries

For the hydrolysis of lipids, the catalyst used is

lipase

Which is a monomer of carbohydrates? nucleotide monosaccharide fatty acid amino acid

monosaccharide or simple sugar

For the hydrolysis of nucleic acids, the catalyst used is

nuclease

Which is a monomer of nucleic acids? monosaccharide amino acid fatty acid nucleotide

nucleotide

For the hydrolysis of proteins, the catalyst used is

protease

As part of the innate immune system, the complement system helps antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism by attacking the pathogen's cell membrane. To which biomolecular class does the complement system belong?

protein

What are the four macromolecules?

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

A hydrogen ion, H+, is the same as a(n)

proton

Which subatomic particle(s) are found in an typical atom?

proton, neutron and electron

The sugar that makes up RNA is

ribose

Water based liquids can be described as acidic, neutral, or basic with respect to pH. Which of these describes Coke/Pepsi?

strongly acidic

Alternative name for table sugar is

sucrose

Water molecules are polar because

there is an unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

Oleic acid, along with glycerol, can be used to make a fat molecule. Based on the type of covalent bonds, would oleic acid form a saturated fat or unsaturated fat?

unsaturated fat