Life Science - Unit 1
Which of the following best describes potential energy?
Stored energy or energy that has the ability to do work because of its position
Which of the following best describes energy?
The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere
Which of the following descriptions best describes mechanical digestion?
The collection of processes that increase the surface area of food to make chemical digestion more efficient
Which of the following best describes kinetic energy?
The energy of motion
Mechanical energy
The energy of movement
solar energy
The source of energy for almost all life; comes from the sun
Which organ is responsible for receiving food from the esophagus and storing it while mixing it through rhythmic muscle contractions?
The stomach
Disaccharide
Two monomer units bonded together, examples include lactose and sucrose
Where do nutrients store their energy?
Within the chemical bonds of their molecule structure
Many amino acids join together to form
a protein.
Which of the following best defines an organ?
A collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task
Which of the following best describes an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common goal
Which of the following best describes how monomers are bonded together to form polymers?
A hydroxide from one monomer bonds with a hydrogen from another monomer, forming water. The two monomers are left bonded together.
In humans, energy from food is converted into _____ that is then used for all cellular activities.
ATP
In humans, the energy from food is converted into ___, the molecule that is used for all life processes.
ATP
The following list shows the different classes of lipids. Which one does NOT belong?
ATP
The molecule that is responsible for all of the energy-requiring processes of a cell is called
ATP
The molecule that serves as the energy currency of cells is abbreviated as
ATP
Which of the following is a role that proteins play in living organisms?
Act as enzymes to digest nutrient molecules
Select the three components that are found in all amino acids.
Amino group Carboxyl group Variable R group
From the following list, select all of those that are good sources of dietary proteins.
Beef jerky Peanut butter Chicken drumsticks
From the list, choose those foods that are good sources of carbohydrates
Bread and rice (plant based)
Which of the following energy nutrients provides energy to the body?
Carbohydrates
Which of the following is one of the major classes of energy nutrients that the body digests for energy production?
Carbohydrates
Select the three major classes of energy nutrients from the list provided.
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
From the following list of energy nutrients, match the foods that provide good sources of those nutrients.
Carbohydrates: Breads, cereals, potatoes Proteins: Meats, legumes, nuts and seeds Lipids: Lard, oils, avocado
Which of the following describes one of the roles that lipids play in living organisms?
Compose the plasma membrane of cells
Select all of the following molecules that are considered polymers.
DNA Proteins Polysaccharides
Large intestine
Eliminates undigested materials from the body, reaborbs water and some salts
Based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, select all of the following that apply to energy.
Energy can be transformed. Energy can be transferred.
chemical energy
Energy found in the bonds between atoms of a molecule
Select all of the following roles that lipids play in living organisms.
Energy storage Hormone production Make up the plasma membrane of cells
Nutrients store energy in the nuclei of their atoms.
False
True or False: Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions, so a steady supply is needed.
False
Proteins can play many diverse roles in cells. Select all of the following that are functions of proteins.
Function as enzymes in the digestive system Act as signaling molecules in our nervous system
Which of the following is an example of a carbohydrate?
Glycogen
Select all of the atoms that are found in most organic molecules.
Hydrogen Carbon
Monosaccharide
Individual monomer unit, examples include glucose and fructose
Which of the following is one of the main functions of the digestive system?
Ingesting nutrients and breaking them down into smaller molecules that can be used elsewhere for life processes
Which of the following energy nutrients provides energy for living processes?
Lipids
Select all of the following organs that are accessory organs of the digestive system.
Liver Salivary glands Gallbladder Pancreas
Small intestine
Major organ of digestion and absorption
Polysaccharides
Many monomer units bonded together, examples include starch and glycogen
Select those forms of energy that are directly required for life.
Mechanical energy Chemical energy Solar energy
Which of the following organelles converts chemical energy into ATP within cells?
Mitochondria
Esophagus
Moves food from the mouth to the stomach
Which of the following organs are part of the digestive system?
Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
Select all of the following that are classes of lipids.
Phospholipids Cholesterol Triglycerides
Which of the following nutrients provide energy to the body?
Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids
Select all of the following that are examples of polymers.
Proteins DNA Fats
Select all of the following roles that carbohydrates fulfill within living organisms.
Providing energy for life processes Providing structural support for plants Providing long term energy storage in plants and animals
The ____ Law of Thermodynamics describes how the conversion of energy from one form to another results in a loss of energy.
Second
Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for all living things on Earth?
Solar energy
Proteins are organic nutrient molecules that are composed of individual units called
amino acids
Chemical ___ are lasting attractions between atoms, ions, or molecules that enable the formation of compounds.
bonds
Organic molecules must contain
both carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Organic energy nutrients that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio are called
carbohydrates
Organic nutrient molecules that provide an energy source to cells, as well as provide structural support, are called
carbohydrates.
The flow of energy occurs at the _____ level.
cellular
The bonds within the atoms of a molecule store ____ energy, which can be released when an organism needs energy for life processes.
chemical
The processes that break down larger molecules into smaller ones through enzymatic reactions are collectively referred to as
chemical
The energy within _____ can be stored or accessed for a cell's life processes.
chemical bonds
The collective processes that use enzymes to break down nutrients into molecules small enough for absorption into the bloodstream are collectively referred to as
chemical digestion.
Animals require a source of outside food to obtain the _____ needed for their life processes.
chemical energy
The energy contained within the bonds of food molecules is called
chemical energy
The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into
chemical energy, which is the energy form that is usable by organisms for life processes.
During the steps of _____ reactions, water is removed from monomers, forming a polymer.
dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates provide a source of _____ for life processes.
energy
The ability to do work or bring about change is called
energy
The bonds within a chemical molecule can be broken, releasing _____ for life processes.
energy
The First Law of Thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be transferred or transformed.
The term ____ describes the loss of organization, as described by the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
entropy
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the disorder of a system _____ over time, a term referred to as entropy.
increases
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of a system
increases over time
When referring to molecules, the term "organic" means
it contains both carbon and hydrogen.
The mechanical energy of movement is called
kinetic energy
Statements that use information obtained from theories to describe how natural events occur are called
laws
Statements that use information obtained from theories to develop descriptions of natural phenomenon are called
laws
Organic nutrient molecules that provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production are called
lipids
Organic nutrient molecules that provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production are called ____.
lipids
The processes that increase the surface area of food so chemical digestion is more efficient are collectively referred to as
mechanical digestion
Glucose is an example of a _____ because it bonds together to form long chains of starch.
monomer
Small molecular subunits called ___ form chemical bonds to make larger polymers.
monomers
The three types of carbohydrates include
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
A collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task is called a(n)
organ
A group of organs that works together to accomplish a common task is called a(n)
organ system.
Molecules that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and provide energy for life processes are called
organic nutrients
Molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen and provide energy for life processes are called
organic nutrients.
Chemical bonds join small monomers to create larger
polymers
Large molecules that are composed of two or more repeating smaller units are called
polymers
The purpose of the digestive system is to allow _____ to be broken down into _____ that can then be used elsewhere in the body.
polymers; monomers
Energy that is stored and has the possibility of doing work is called
potential
The ultimate source of energy for living things is
solar/sun energy
Select all of the following that are examples of carbohydrates.
starch glucose lactose
Animals obtain chemical energy from
the foods they eat.
Accepted explanations for aspects of the natural world are called
theory
An accepted explanation for natural phenomenon that has been continually tested and verified is called a(n)
theory
The three classes of lipids include
triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipid
During a hydrolytic reaction,
water splits into hydrogen and hydroxide, each of which bond to individual monomers of a polymer, breaking them apart.
The prefix "hydro-" means _____, while the suffix "-lytic" means _____. These describe the steps involved in hydrolytic reactions.
water; to break apart
