Life span

18. The nurse informs a group of young adults that the leading cause of death in their age group is: a.diabetes. b.accidents. c.hypertension. d.testicular cancer.

b.accidents. The leading cause of death in young adults is accidents. pg. 722

67. The nurse instructs a group of parents that a rapidly growing 15-year-old boy may require as many as ________ calories a day.

3600 Rapidly growing adolescent boys may require as many as 3600 calories daily.

21. Prejudice against older adults is known as: a.socialism. b.sexism. c.racism. d.ageism.

d.ageism. Ageism is a form of discrimination and prejudice against the older adult.

68. The nurse informs a group of college students that young adults will face which challenges in this particular time of life? (Select all that apply.) a.Starting a family b.Selecting housing c.Job security d.Relations with extended family e.Establishing intimacy

A, B, C, D, E All options are developmental tasks of the young adult of today.

22. There are many theories of aging. The one that claims there is a hereditary basis for aging is: a.activity theory. b.physiological theory. c.disengagement theory. d.biological programming theory.

d.biological programming theory. Biological programming theory suggests a hereditary basis for aging.

55. Which theory of aging suggests that previously developed coping abilities and the ability to maintain previous roles and activities are critical to adjustment to old age? a.Continuity theory b.Autoimmunity theory c.Wear-and-tear theory d.Disengagement theory

a.Continuity theory Supporters of the continuity theory suggest that the critical factors in adjustment to old age are previously developed coping abilities and the ability to maintain previous roles and activities.

64. Separation anxiety includes which stage(s)? (Select all that apply.) a.Detachment b.Protest c.Anger d.Despair e.Withdrawal

a.Detachment b.Protest d.Despair The phases of separation anxiety are protest, despair, and detachment.

59. A child who has just begun to demonstrate object permanence is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a.Sensorimotor b.Preoperational thought c.Formal operational thought d.Concrete operational thought

a.Sensorimotor Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world; this period begins with reflexes and coordinates sensorimotor skills. While in this stage, a child learns that an object still exists when it is out of sight (object permanence).

50. A nurse instructing a group of parents about injury prevention should inform the group that the leading cause of injury and death of infants and young children is: a.accidents. b.child abuse. c.drug abuse. d.adolescent parents.

a.accidents. Accidents are the leading cause of injury and death of infants and young children.

54. The theory of aging that suggests the older person who is more active socially is more likely to adjust well to aging is the: a.activity theory. b.autoimmunity theory. c.wear-and-tear theory. d.disengagement theory.

a.activity theory. According to the activity theory, the older person who is more active socially is more likely to adjust well to aging.

27. The family pattern that is least open to outside influence is known as the: a.autocratic family pattern. b.patriarchal family pattern. c.matriarchal family pattern. d.democratic family pattern.

a.autocratic family pattern. In the autocratic family pattern the relationships are unequal. The parents attempt to control the children with strict, rigid rules and expectations. This family pattern is least open to outside influence.

26. The family pattern in which the relationships are unequal and the parents attempt to control the children with strict, rigid rules and expectations is known as the: a.autocratic family pattern. b.patriarchal family pattern. c.matriarchal family pattern. d.democratic family pattern.

a.autocratic family pattern. In the autocratic family pattern the relationships are unequal. The parents attempt to control the children with strict, rigid rules and expectations. This family pattern is least open to outside influence.

5. As a child begins to develop language skills, the nurse anticipates that the number of words in a sentence: a.corresponds to the chronological age of the child. b.increases with each month of age. c.matches the number of words they know. d.depends on hollow phrases.

a.corresponds to the chronological age of the child. The number of words in a sentence corresponds to chronological age. pg. 704

33. The stage of family development that begins when conception occurs and continues through the pregnancy is known as the: a.expectant stage. b.parenthood stage. c.establishment stage. d.engagement/commitment stage.

a.expectant stage. The expectant stage begins when conception occurs and continues through the pregnancy.

19. A 53-year-old woman complains of night sweats and mood swings. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms most likely relate to: a.menopause. b.weight problems. c.dietary problems. d.thyroid problems.

a.menopause. Signs and symptoms of menopause may include sweats and mood swings.

20. A middle-aged 58-year-old male is concerned about some hearing loss he is experiencing. The nurse recognizes that this might be due to a sensory change of this age group known as: a.presbycusis. b.otitis externa. c.presbyopia. d.otitis media.

a.presbycusis. Presbycusis is a normal age-related loss of hearing. pg. 723

60. A child who has just begun to demonstrate egocentric thinking is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a.Sensorimotor b.Preoperational thought c.Formal operational thought d.Concrete operational thought

b.Preoperational thought Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development includes the development of egocentric thinking (understanding the world from only one perspective, that of the self).

57. A nurse instructing a group of parents about safety rules for infants and young children should instruct the parents to: a.remove plants from the child's reach. b.provide the infant with a pillow at night. c.use a plastic covering on the infant's mattress. d.keep the crib sides up and set the mattress at the highest setting.

a.remove plants from the child's reach. Safety rules for infants and young children include keeping the crib sides up and the mattress set at the lowest setting, never using plastic bags or coverings on mattresses or near infant's playthings, avoiding the use of pillows with small infants, and removing plants from the child's reach.

58. A child who uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world is displaying characteristics consistent with Piaget's: a.sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. b.preoperational stage of cognitive development. c.formal operational stage of cognitive development. d.concrete operational stage of cognitive development.

a.sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world; this period begins with reflexes and coordinates sensorimotor skills.

42. A nurse understands that an average weight for a 12-month-old is: a.18.5 pounds. b.21.5 pounds. c.28.5 pounds. d.34.5 pounds.

b.21.5 pounds. By the time the baby is 1 year of age, the birth weight has tripled (average weight is 21.5 pounds). pg. 704

40. A nurse is caring for a neonate who is 22 inches in height. The nurse explains to the neonate's mother that by 1 year, the infant's expected height will be: a.29 inches. b.33 inches. c.44 inches. d.56 inches.

b.33 inches. Height increases by about 1 inch per month for the first 6 months. By 12 months of age the infant's birth length has increased about 50%. typical length is 30 in (75cm) pg 704

6. The nurse appropriately teaches a young mother that breast milk or formula is the only food an infant needs until: a.2-3 months. b.4-6 months. c.7-9 months. d.10-12 months.

b.4-6 months. Breast milk or formula is the only food needed for 4 to 6 months. Human breast milk (ultimate health food) and formula are options to meet the nutritional needs. after 6 months breastfeeding should be continued for the first year of life or longer if desired by the mother, while foods are introduced. pg. 707

4. The mother of a 5-month-old child is concerned because the child cannot sit by himself. The nurse explains that sitting alone is not expected until the baby is: a.6 months. b.7 months. c.8 months. d.9 months.

b.7 months. By the end of the seventh month, the child can sit up without support. pg. 705

51. A nurse assessing a toddler should consider which finding abnormal? a.Lumbar lordosis b.Cyanotic nailbeds c.A protruding abdomen d.A convex lumbar curve

b.Cyanotic nailbeds Normal assessment findings in a toddler include lumbar lordosis (convex lumbar curve) and a protruding abdomen. Cyanotic nailbeds is an abnormal finding.

52. The theory of aging that suggests the body becomes less able to recognize or tolerate the "self" is the: a.free radical theory. b.autoimmunity theory. c.wear-and-tear theory. d.biologic programming theory.

b.autoimmunity theory. The autoimmunity theory holds that with aging the body becomes less able to recognize or tolerate the "self." As a result the immune system produces antibodies that act against the self.

13. The mother of an 11-year-old asks about the benefits of her child joining a soccer team. At this age, the child will benefit because athletics provide an opportunity for the development of: a.role identification. b.competition. c.parallel play. d.cooperation.

b.competition. During school years, children become involved in competitive sports that support their drive for industry. pg 716

23. The nurse reminds an older adult patient that the task for the older adult is to achieve ego integrity. Failure to achieve this task results in: a.failure. b.despair. c.reminiscing. d.accomplishment.

b.despair. The challenge of late adulthood is integrity versus despair. pg. 727

17. Erikson identifies intimacy as a developmental task of adulthood. If this task is not accomplished, the outcome will be: a.inferiority. b.isolation. c.mistrust. d.guilt.

b.isolation. Intimacy versus isolation is a developmental task of adulthood. pg. 721

63. According to Erikson, an infant who was abandoned by his or her primary caregiver is at risk for developing a sense of: a.guilt. b.mistrust. c.isolation. d.confusion.

b.mistrust. During infancy a child's developmental task is basic trust versus mistrust.

7. When a mother asks the nurse about introducing solid foods into the child's diet, the nurse's best advice is to introduce: a.meat first. b.one solid food at a time several days apart. c.solid foods by mixing two or three foods together. d.solid foods by adding strained food to the infant's bottle.

b.one solid food at a time several days apart. The best advice is to introduce one solid at a time allowing several days between new foods, which provides an opportunity to recognize allergies. introduce cereals first, fruits, and vegetables next and meals last. avoid mixing food to develop interest in different foods and taste Avoid giving: round, hard foods that can get caught in the throat. pg. 707

16. The nurse performing a physical assessment on a 25-year-old understands that during this time the patient is most likely experiencing: a.a gradual decline in physical capabilities. b.optimal level of functioning. c.slight diminishing of visual acuity. d.minimal hearing loss.

b.optimal level of functioning. During early adult years, the body is at an optimal level of functioning. pg. 721

34. The stage of family development that begins at the birth or adoption of the first child is known as the: a.expectant stage. b.parenthood stage. c.establishment stage. d.engagement/commitment stage.

b.parenthood stage. The parenthood stage begins at the birth or adoption of the first child.

35. The stage of family development in which the transition to parenthood is seen as a major event is known as the: a.expectant stage. b.parenthood stage. c.establishment stage. d.engagement/commitment stage.

b.parenthood stage. The parenthood stage begins at the birth or adoption of the first child. The transition to parenthood is seen as a major event.

28. The family pattern in which the male usually assumes the dominant role and functions in the work role, controls the finances, and makes most decisions is known as the: a.autocratic family pattern. b.patriarchal family pattern. c.matriarchal family pattern. d.democratic family pattern.

b.patriarchal family pattern. In the patriarchal family pattern the male usually assumes the dominant role. The male member functions in the work role, is responsible for control of finances, and makes most decisions.

12. A 5-year-old who has an imaginary friend with whom he converses frequently is displaying characteristics consistent with Piaget's: a.operational stage. b.preoperational stage. c.formal operations stage. d.concrete operations stage.

b.preoperational stage. Piaget's preoperational stage describes the preschooler as imaginative and egocentric, believing in magical thinking. pg. 704: Box 24.6

37. The stage of family development that is considered to be the last stage of the life cycle is known as the: a.expectant stage. b.senescence stage. c.establishment stage. d.disengagement stage.

b.senescence stage. The senescence stage is the last stage of the life cycle, which requires the individual to cope with a large range of changes. For the older adult the family unit continues to be a major source of satisfaction and pleasure. Most older adults prefer to live independently.

25. The home health nurse assesses an older adult's respiratory function carefully because age-related changes in the respiratory system could result in increased: a.vital capacity. b.susceptibility to respiratory infections. c.expiratory capacity due to increased chest size. d.oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

b.susceptibility to respiratory infections Older adults are more susceptible to respiratory infections.

38. The nurse recognizes that during the first 5 months of life, an infant is expected to gain approximately how many pounds per month? a.0.5 b.1 c.1.5 d.2

c.1.5 The infant is expected to gain about 1.5 pounds per month until 5 months.

43. A nurse understands that the average apical rate for a 2-month-old is approximately: a.100 beats per minute. b.110 beats per minute. c.120 beats per minute. d.130 beats per minute.

c.120 beats per minute. At 2 months, the average apical rate is about 120 beats per minute. count for 1 minute pg 704

3. The nurse instructs the family of a newborn 7-lb. baby that the anticipated weight at 1 year of age would be: a.14 lbs. b.17 lbs. c.21 lbs. d.25 lbs.

c.21 lbs. By 1 year, birth weight is expected to triple. Growth, cephalocaudal and proximodistal sequence, rapid during the first 6 months of life Infants: 1 1/2 lbs per month until 5 months 4-6 months: wt doubles wt gain in the first months is fat: insulation and nourishment after 8 months, wt gain includes more bone and muscle Height: -increases 1 in per month for first 6 months -12 months: increases 50% pg 704

39. A nurse is caring for a neonate who weighs 7 pounds 3 ounces at birth. The nurse explains to the neonate's mother that by 1 year, the infant's expected weight will be: a.10 pounds 3 ounces. b.14 pounds 6 ounces. c.21 pounds 9 ounces. d.28 pounds 12 ounces.

c.21 pounds 9 ounces. By the time the baby is 1 year of age, the birth weight has tripled.

41. A nurse understands that the typical height for a 12-month-old is: a.20 inches. b.25 inches. c.30 inches. d.35 inches.

c.30 inches. By 12 months of age the infant's birth length has increased about 50%; the typical length is 30 inches.

62. A child who is able to use a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a.Sensorimotor b.Preoperational thought c.Formal operational thought d.Concrete operational though

c.Formal operational thought Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development includes the ability to use a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach.

14. A Adolescence 14-year-old male patient has undergone a leg amputation. The nurse makes the focus of the nursing care plan to support the patient's: a.nutritional status. b.academic progress. c.body image. d.socialization needs.

c.body image. Body image and role identity are the major developmental tasks of the adolescent. pg. 714

8. The nurse explains that a baby's muscular development progresses in a pattern that is: a.regressive. b.erratic. c.cephalocaudal. d.unpredictable.

c.cephalocaudal. Muscular development proceeds from head to foot (cephalocaudal). infants head is large as compared with the rest of its body, gradually the body catches up Proximodistal: growth and development that originates in the center of the body and moves toward the outside. Ex. infant gains control of the shoulders before developing control of the hands and fingers. pg. 697

48. A nurse instructing the mother of a young infant about how to introduce solid foods into the infant's diet should instruct the mother to begin with: a.meats. b.fruits. c.cereals. d.vegetables.

c.cereals. Cereals should be introduced first, followed by fruits and vegetables, and last meats. pg 707

1. The nurse tells a mother that the blueprint for all inherited traits, such as height, is found in the: a.sperm. b.ovary. c.chromosomes. d.nucleus of the cell.

c.chromosomes. The blueprint for all inherited traits is found in the chromosomes. pg. 697

11. In response to a mother's concern about the development of a food allergy in her 5-month-old, the nurse suggests delaying introduction of foods including: a.oat cereals. b.potatoes. c.citrus fruits. d.green vegetables.

c.citrus fruits. The general guideline for foods to avoid until the baby is 6 months old are egg whites, citrus fruits, and wheat flour. frequently as allergy producing substances. pg. 707

32. The stage of family development that extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child is known as the: a.expectant stage. b.parenthood stage. c.establishment stage. d.engagement/commitment stage.

c.establishment stage. The establishment stage extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child. During this phase, one of the important tasks is the adjustment from the single independent to the married, interdependent state. The challenges facing the newly married couple include learning to live with another person, decision making, conflict resolution, and communication.

24. When assessing the home for fall risks and increased safety for an 85-year-old, the home health nurse suggests that: a.bright lights be kept on at all times. b.sponge baths be taken rather than showers. c.excess furniture be removed. d.loose, comfortable shoes be worn.

c.excess furniture be removed. Clearing the home of excess furniture, scatter rugs, use of night lights, and wearing supportive shoes reduce the risk of falls in older adults. pg. 730

49. A nurse instructing the mother of a young infant about how to introduce solid foods into the infant's diet should instruct the mother to: a.introduce fruits and vegetables first. b.mix foods to allow the infant variety. c.introduce only one new food at a time. d.introduce new foods at 24-hour intervals.

c.introduce only one new food at a time. Cereals should be introduced first, followed by fruits and vegetables, and last meats. Only one new food should be introduced at a time, followed by several days between new foods. Food should not be mixed to allow the infant to develop interest in different foods and tastes. pg. 707

56. A nurse instructing a group of parents about steps to reduce the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome should instruct the parents to: a.bottle-feed an infant at night. b.place infants on their stomach to sleep. c.keep an infant's room well ventilated. d.place soft bedding and pillows in an infant's crib.

c.keep an infant's room well ventilated. Steps to reduce the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome include placing infants on their back to sleep, avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke, avoiding using soft bedding or pillows, keeping rooms well ventilated, breastfeeding if possible, and maintaining regular medical checkups for infants.

29. The family pattern in which the female assumes primary dominance in areas of child care and homemaking as well as financial decision making is known as the: a.autocratic family pattern. b.patriarchal family pattern. c.matriarchal family pattern. d.democratic family pattern.

c.matriarchal family pattern. In the matriarchal family pattern the female assumes primary dominance in areas of child care and homemaking, as well as financial decision making.

69. Growth and development that proceeds from the head toward the feet is known as _____________________.

cephalocaudal Cephalocaudal is defined as growth and development that proceeds from the head toward the feet.

9. The nurse counsels a young family that a child must have adequate physiological, neuromuscular, and psychological maturity to master toilet training, usually around the age of: a.6-10 months. b.10-14 months. c.14-18 months. d.18-24 months.

d.18-24 months. Children reach psychological and physiological maturity for toilet training by 18 to 24 months. -bowel is achieved first: bladder control begins at the same time but takes longer to achieve . pg. 709

44. A nurse recognizes that the average resting respiratory rate for a 12-month-old child is approximately: a.15 breaths per minute. b.20 breaths per minute. c.25 breaths per minute. d.30 breaths per minute

d.30 breaths per minute Average resting respiratory rate for the 12 month old is about 30 breaths per minute. pg. 704

61. A child who has just begun to demonstrate the ability to understand and apply logical operations to help interpret specific experiences or perceptions is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a.Sensorimotor b.Preoperational thought c.Formal operational thought d.Concrete operational thought

d.Concrete operational thought Piaget's concrete operational stage of cognitive development includes the ability to understand and apply logical operations or principles to help interpret specific experiences or perceptions.

30. The family pattern in which the adult members function as equals is known as the: a.autocratic family pattern. b.patriarchal family pattern. c.matriarchal family pattern. d.democratic family pattern.

d.democratic family pattern. In the democratic family pattern the adult members function as equals. Children are treated with respect and recognized as individuals. This style encourages joint decision making, and it recognizes and supports the uniqueness of each individual member. This family pattern favors negotiation, compromise, and growth.

36. The stage of family development in which there is a period of family life when the grown children depart from home is known as the: a.expectant stage. b.senescence stage. c.establishment stage. d.disengagement stage.

d.disengagement stage. The disengagement stage of parenthood is the period of family life when the grown children depart from the home.

53. The theory of aging that suggests there should be a natural withdrawal between the individual and society is the: a.free radical theory. b.autoimmunity theory. c.wear-and-tear theory. d.disengagement theory.

d.disengagement theory. According to supporters of the disengagement theory of aging, there should be a natural withdrawal, or disengagement, between the individual and society.

31. The stage of family development that begins when the couple acknowledges to themselves and others that they are considering marriage is known as the: a.expectant stage. b.parenthood stage. c.establishment stage. d.engagement/commitment stage.

d.engagement/commitment stage. The engagement/commitment stage begins when the couple acknowledges to themselves and others that they are considering marriage. At this time, opposition or support will be evident from friends and parents. Wedding plans must be arranged. Housing, work, and furnishings are some of the items discussed and explored.

15. The cognitive developmental level of the adolescent according to Piaget is the: a.concrete operational stage. b.sensorimotor stage. c.preoperational stage. d.formal operational stage.

d.formal operational stage. The formal operational stage is the cognitive developmental level of adolescence (12+years) pg. 704: Box 24.6

46. A nurse assessing a 4-month-old infant expects the infant to: a.crawl up the stairs. b.creep on the floor at least 30 feet. c.walk upright with a waddling gait. d.hold head at a 90-degree angle while prone.

d.hold head at a 90-degree angle while prone. At 4 months the infant is able to hold the head up steadily to a 90-degree angle while in the prone position. Infants may crawl at 7 months and creep at about 9 months. Standing with support and walking occur at about 8 months to 15 months. pg. 705

45. A nurse assessing a 2-month-old infant expects the infant to: a.crawl on the floor. b.creep on the floor. c.sit up steadily without support. d.hold its head up while in the prone position.

d.hold its head up while in the prone position. At 2 months the infant is able to hold the head up while in the prone position. Infants may crawl at 7 months and creep at about 9 months. By the end of the seventh month infants can sit up steadily without support. pg. 705

2. The nurse discovers during the intake assessment of a 5-year-old child that he lives with his biological parents and siblings. The nurse categorizes this family type as a(n): a.extended family. b.blended family. c.social family. d.nuclear family.

d.nuclear family. The nuclear family is considered the traditional family pattern. family unit that consists of parents and their biologic offspring. pg. 698

10. When a toddler attempts to feed himself, the family should: a.encourage the child to use a fork. b.feed the child themselves using a fork. c.encourage large portions for easier handling. d.offer the child finger foods.

d.offer the child finger foods. Toddlers need to develop autonomy and do things for themselves in a trial-and-error method. pg. 711

47. A nurse teaching the mother about infant oral hygiene instructs the mother to offer the infant sips of: a.cola. b.milk. c.juice. d.water.

d.water. Oral hygiene for the young infant consists of offering sips of clear water and wiping and massaging infant's gums.

65. The process that refers to gradual change and differentiation is _____________.

development Development is the process of gradual change and differentiation.

70. Growth and development that moves from the center toward the outside is known as ____________________.

proximodistal Proximodistal refers to growth and development that moves from the center toward the outside

66. Any substance such as a drug, alcohol, or virus that interferes with fetal development is called a(n) _____________.

teratogen A teratogen is any substance that interferes with fetal development, such as a drug, alcohol, or a virus.