Lifespan Development Chapter 3
The average North American newborn is ______. Multiple choice question. 20 inches long 18 inches long 22 inches long 21 1/2 inches long
20 inches long
What is the recommended daily calorie intake for infants for each pound they weigh? Multiple choice question. 25 50 30 100
50
About how much of an infant's sleep is dedicated to REM sleep? Multiple choice question. 10% 25% 50% 20%
50%
The average North American newborn weighs just over ______ pounds. Multiple choice question. 9 7 5 6
7
Which of the following are the two significant ways that neurons change during the first years of life? Multiple select question. Brain cells multiply dramatically. Connectivity among neurons increases. Specialization occurs within various abilities. Myelination occurs rapidly.
Connectivity among neurons increases. Myelination occurs rapidly.
The neuroconstructivist view states that a combination of which of the following factors influence brain development? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Willpower Divine intervention Experiences Gene expression
Experiences Gene expression
Which of the following concepts describes the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex? Multiple choice question. Alternation Lateralization Lobe distinction Differentiation
Lateralization
The reflex that is demonstrated by newborns arching their backs, throwing back their heads, and flinging out their arms and legs is called the ______ reflex. Multiple choice question. rooting Moro shock Babinski
Moro
______ is the process by which nerve cells are coated with fat cells that enhances the speed and efficiency of the information traveling through the nervous system. Dendrite sheathing Myelination Encasement Synapse formation
Myelination
Prone sleeping (sleeping in a face-down position), low birth weight, and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are all risk factors for _____ (abbreviation).
SIDS
What are the purposes of reflexes? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. They are movements that have an evolutionary purpose but are not necessary in the present day. They are survival mechanisms, which are genetically carried. They allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment. To help the infant exercise.
They are survival mechanisms, which are genetically carried. They allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment.
A newborn infant can habituate to which of the following repeated sensory stimuli? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Touch Time Sounds Sights
Touch Sounds Sights
According to dynamic systems theory, motor development is a(n) _____ (active/passive) process.
active
______, the brain is about 25% of its adult weight. Multiple choice question. At birth By 18 months By the first birthday By the second birthday
at birth
Which statement about smell in infancy is true? Multiple choice question. a. Newborns do not show a preference for one smell over another. b. Infants recognize their mother's smell within about a week of being born. c. Infants do not develop the sense of smell until two to four weeks after birth.
b. Infants recognize their mother's smell within about a week of being born.
What is NOT one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex? Multiple choice question. Temporal Frontal Parietal Caudal
caudal
An infant hears a new sound and responds with interest. After repeated exposure to the same sound, one can expect the infant to ______ its responsiveness to the sound. Multiple choice question. maintain increase decrease terminate
decrease
True or false: From birth to age 2, the areas of a baby's brain develop at the same pace.
false
During the second year of a toddler's life, parents should place ______ restrictions upon the child in order to support competent motor development. Multiple choice question. no increasing many few
few
Movements that involve finger dexterity are called _____ motor skills.
fine
The integration of information from two or more sensory modalities is called _____ perception
intermodal
Perception is defined as the ______ of what is sensed. Multiple choice question. interval interception interpretation instruction
interpretation
The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other is called brain _____
lateralization
A(n) _____ sheath encases many axons.
myelin
Neurons are ______ cells that send electrical and chemical signals. Multiple choice question. muscle fat nerve blood
nerve
What view states that environmental conditions and biological processes influence development? Multiple choice question. The cognitive intermodal view The neuroconstructivist view The ecological view The interactionist view
neuroconstructivist view
Nerve cells are also referred to as _____
neurons
The dynamic systems view states that new perceptual-motor coupling is not ______ accomplished; rather, the infant ______ develops a skill to achieve a goal. Multiple choice question. actively; genetically passively; actively actively; passively easily; passively
passively; actively
The perception of the frequency of a sound is a description of Multiple choice question. sensation. perception. pitch. sensitivity.
pitch
What type of smells do newborns prefer? Multiple choice question. The smell of baby powder Smells such as strawberry and vanilla They do not sense smells at the time of birth and therefore do not show a preference. Smells such as rotten eggs and fish
smells such as strawberry and vanilla
Match the language sounds or words with the ages at which children begin using the sounds or words. 1. two word utterances 2. cooing 3. crying 4. babbling 5. first word spoken a. 13 months b. 6 months c. 2 to 4 months d. 18 to 24 months of age e. birth
1. d. 18 to 24 months of age 2. c. 2 to 4 months 3. e. birth 4. b. 6 months 5. a. 13 months
The "vocabulary spurt," when it happens, usually occurs between ______ and 24 months. Multiple choice question. 14 22 18 20
18
At what age do children begin using two-word utterances? Multiple choice question. 18 to 24 months 24 to 30 months 12 to 15 months 30 to 36 months
18 to 24 months
Sudden infant death syndrome most commonly occurs in infants between the ages of ______ months of age. Multiple choice question. 4 and 6 6 and 8 birth and 2 2 and 4
2 and 4
At what age do infants begin cooing? Multiple choice question. 4 to 6 months 2 to 4 months At birth Birth to 1 month
2 to 4 months
By as early as ______ months of age, an infant can recognize its name when someone says it. Multiple choice question. 9 5 2 7
5
In Patricia Kuhl's research, she found that a baby's brain becomes most open to learning the sounds of a native language at Multiple choice question. 6 months for vowels and at 9 months for consonants. 9 months for vowels and at 12 months for consonants. 3 months for vowels and at 6 months for consonants.
6 months for vowels and at 9 months for consonants.
Select all that apply Which of the following racial/ethnic groups have higher rates of death from sudden infant death syndrome? Multiple select question. Caucasians African Americans Eastern Europeans Eskimos
African Americans Eskimos
What region of the brain is associated with the production of words? Multiple choice question. The amygdala The temporal lobe Wernicke's area Broca's area
Broca's area
______ is the replication of behavior after a time delay of hours or days. Multiple choice question. Implicit imitation Demonstration imitation Deferred imitation Explicit imitation
Deferred imitation
When can sound first be perceived? Multiple choice question. During the last two months of pregnancy Immediately at birth Approximately one week after birth Sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy
During the last two months of pregnancy
Select all that apply Which of the following are essential features of motor activities during the second year of life? Multiple select question. Extensive environmental exploration Self-initiated interaction with others Independence More restrictions and monitoring
Extensive environmental exploration Self-initiated interaction with others Independence
Which areas are included in the cerebral cortex? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Frontal lobes Temporal lobes Spinal lobes Parietal lobes
Frontal lobes Temporal lobes Parietal lobes
______ research suggested that infants were capable of deferred imitation at an earlier age than Piaget theorized. Multiple choice question. Skinner's Meltzoff's Watson's Freud's
Meltzoff's
Which theorist believed that humans are biologically programmed to learn language at a certain time and in a certain way? Multiple choice question. Roger Brown Noam Chomsky Albert Bandura Michael Tomasello
Noam Chomsky
Which of the following describes the vocalization known as babbling? Multiple choice question. Sounds that may signal distress Smacking sounds made with the lips Strings of consonant-vowel combinations Gurgling sounds made in the back of the throat
Strings of consonant-vowel combinations
Which of the following is not one of the functions of early vocalizations? Multiple choice question. To attract attention To communicate To practice the semantics of language To practice making sounds
To practice the semantics of language
What region of the brain is associated with comprehension of language? Multiple choice question. The temporal lobe Wernicke's area The amygdala Broca's area
Wernicke's area
The region of the brain's left hemisphere involved in language comprehension is known as Multiple choice question. the LAD. aphasia. Wernicke's area. Broca's area.
Wernicke's area.
Which of the following statements is true regarding myelination? Multiple choice question. a. Auditory myelination is not completed until 4 or 5 years of age. b. Myelination for auditory pathways occurs rapidly after birth and is completed in the first six months. c. Myelination for visual pathways occurs slowly after birth and is not completed until 3 years of age. d. Visual pathway myelination is completed after auditory pathway myelination.
a. Auditory myelination is not completed until 4 or 5 years of age.
Order the sequence of babies' sounds during the first year of life, beginning with the earliest form on top. a. crying b. babbling c. cooing
a. crying c. cooing b. babbling
A child calls all winged creatures birds, including bats and butterflies. Her mother teaches her the correct terms for the different animals, and the child does not make the mistake again in the future. What Piagetian concept does this example describe? Multiple choice question. Organization Equilibration Accommodation Conservation
accommodation
Chomsky believed that children are born into the world with a language Multiple choice question. acquisition support system. comprehension support system. acquisition device. comprehension device.
acquisition device
What is the term for the loss or impairment of language processing? Multiple choice question. Lateralization Plasticity Recasting Aphasia
aphasia
_____ is the loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain damage.
aphasia
Abby, a 15-month-old girl, has a white poodle as a pet at home. She knows that the pet is a dog. (She calls it "puppy.") While Abby is at the park with her mother, she sees a small white dog. She points at the dog and says,"Puppy!" What Piagetian concept does this example describe? Multiple choice question. Equilibration Assimilation Organization Accommodation
assimilation
Baby Michelle looks intently at her mother, who is singing a song. What is Michelle demonstrating? Multiple choice question. Habituation Perception Object permanence Attention
attention
_____ refers to the focusing of mental resources on select information.
attention
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the evolutionary perspective of the acquisition of language? Multiple choice question. a. Language acquisition increased chances of human survival. b. Evolutionary psychologists believe that humans acquired language about 500,000 years ago. c. Advances in the nervous system and vocal structures allowed humans to speak.
b. Evolutionary psychologists believe that humans acquired language about 500,000 years ago.
Which of the following statements represents the interactionist view of language acquisition? Multiple choice question. a. Research shows that language acquisition is 25% determined by biology and 75% determined by experiences. b. How much of language acquisition is biologically determined and how much depends on social interaction is a matter of debate. c. Research shows that language acquisition is 75% determined by biology and 25% determined by experiences. d. Research shows that language acquisition is 50% determined by one's biology and 50% determined by experiences.
b. How much of language acquisition is biologically determined and how much depends on social interaction is a matter of debate.
What is the main finding in Rovee-Collier's experiment of infant memory? Multiple choice question. a. Operant conditioning is not effective in studies of infant memory. b. Infants can retain information from the experience of being conditioned. c. Infants can retain information after conditioning for a few days but not for weeks. d. Classical conditioning is an effective tool to use for aiding in infant memory.
b. Infants can retain information from the experience of being conditioned.
Select all that apply Which of the following statements regarding the risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are true? Multiple select question. a. Infants who are born to mothers 35 years and older are at higher risk. b. Infants who co-sleep are at higher risk. c. Infants who sleep in a room with a fan have a higher risk. d. Infants who sleep on their stomachs are at greater risk.
b. Infants who co-sleep are at higher risk. d. Infants who sleep on their stomachs are at greater risk.
What is the purpose of the sucking reflex? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. a. The sucking reflex allows for better digestion of milk/formula. b. The sucking reflex enables newborns to get nourishment before they associate a nipple with food. c. The sucking reflex serves as a self-soothing or self-regulating mechanism. d. The sucking reflex has no current purpose but was adaptive in the evolution of the human species.
b. The sucking reflex enables newborns to get nourishment before they associate a nipple with food. c. The sucking reflex serves as a self-soothing or self-regulating mechanism.
What is the term for the production of strings of consonant-vowel combinations? Multiple choice question. Crying Babbling Gesturing Cooing
babbling
Most neuroscientists believe that reading and performing music involve ______ of the brain. Multiple choice question. both hemispheres the left hemisphere the right hemisphere neither hemisphere
both hemishperes
Shaken baby syndrome causes swelling and hemorrhaging of the _____
brain
The physical growth pattern in which the earliest growth always occurs at the head and proceeds from top to bottom is called the _____ growth pattern.
cephalocaudal
Individuals who experience damage to Wernicke's area will have difficulty Multiple choice question. using gestures to go along with words they are speaking. producing words correctly. comprehending what others say. speaking fluently.
comprehending what others say
______ are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas. Multiple choice question. Concepts Symbols Equilibration Schemes
concepts
Between 7 and 9 months of age, infants begin to formulate ______ categories for objects. Multiple choice question. conceptual perceptual subjective objective
conceptual
What is the term for the gurgling sounds that infants make in the back of their throats? Multiple choice question. Cooing Babbling Mumbling Crying
cooing
The first form of vocalization an infant makes, starting at birth, is _____
crying
Which activity do infants first demonstrate to get their needs met? Multiple choice question. Babbling Cooing Gesturing Crying
crying
Which sound do infants demonstrate first? Multiple choice question. crying gesturing babbling cooing
crying
Andrew is an 18-month-old boy. His mother has been cleaning the house. Andrew watches her vacuum, wash the windows, and sweep the kitchen floor. The next day his mother watches as Andrew takes his toy vacuum and pretends to vacuum the floor. What cognitive technique is Andrew demonstrating? Multiple choice question. Deferred imitation Habituation Repetitive modeling Explicit memory
deferred imitation
The purpose of the rooting reflex is to Multiple choice question. foster bonding between the baby and caregiver. direct the infant to turn its head toward something to suck. coordinate the suck and swallow movement. snuggle into the caregiver in order to help calm the infant.
direct the infant to turn its head toward something to suck.
Infants with poorer sleep patterns showed more ______ during an attention task. Multiple choice question. focus engagement interest distractibility
distractibility
Which theory of motor development suggests that perceptions are necessary for infants to fine-tune their movements and that motor skills represent solutions to the infants' goals? Multiple choice question. Perceptual development theory Developmental motor skill theory Dynamic systems theory Gesell's maturational theory
dynamic systems theory
Assimilation occurs when children use ______ schemes to deal with new information or experiences. dependent existing new independent assimilation
existing
What type of memory involves the conscious or intentional recall of facts and other information that can be stated or declared? Multiple choice question. Implicit Explicit Articulate Focused
explicit
_____ memory refers to the conscious memory of facts and experiences.
explicit
Which type of memory improves substantially during the second year of life? Multiple choice question. Sensory memory Focused memory Implicit memory Explicit memory
explicit memory
What do infants imitate first? Multiple choice question. Leg movements Arm movements Vocal sounds Facial expressions
facial expressions
True or false: Infants can say more words than they can actually understand.
false
True or false: Intermodal perception involves receiving information from a single sensory modality.
false
True or false: Research techniques used to assess visual perception are more accurate than research techniques used to assess auditory perception.
false
True or false: Sudden infant death syndrome occurs most commonly in children between the ages of 4 and 6 months of age
false
rue or false: Fetuses can detect the human voice but are unable to tell one sound from another.
false
A recent analysis found that ______ were the MOST frequent perpetrators of shaken baby syndrome. Multiple choice question. fathers mothers child care providers mothers' boyfriends
fathers
Skills that involve finely tuned movements that require finger dexterity are called Multiple choice question. large motor skills. gross motor skills. fine motor skills. adaptive motor skills.
fine motor skills
Rovee-Collier found that infants will suck faster on a nipple when the sucking behavior is ______ by a visual display, music, or a human voice. Multiple choice question. followed accompanied preceded
followed
What is another name for the cerebral cortex? Multiple choice question. Temporal Forebrain Occipital Parietal
forebrain
The four lobes of the brain are the occipital, parietal, temporal, and _____
frontal
The region of the brain associated with producing language, called Broca's area, is located in the left _____ lobe.
frontal
An infant waving bye-bye is an example of a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. receptive vocabulary expressive vocabulary gesture morphology
gesture
An infant smacking its lips to indicate that it wants food or drink is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. gesturing receptive language overextension schema development
gesturing
Which form of infant communication involves showing and pointing? Multiple choice question. Gesturing Babbling Cooing Crying
gesturing
Which type of experiment is typically used to study infants' concept and categorization abilities? Multiple choice question. Sustained attention experiments Encoding experiments Deferred imitation experiments Habituation experiments
habituation experiments
Chomsky proposed that the language acquisition device allows children to do all of the following, EXCEPT Multiple choice question. understand syntax. understand semantics. understand phonetics. hear spoken words.
hear spoken words
One study has found that low maternal sensitivity when infants were 15 and 24 months of age was linked to Multiple choice question. higher risk of obesity in adolescence. higher risk of childhood eating disorders. lower risk of obesity in childhood. lower motor skill development.
higher risk of obesity in adolescence
_____ memory is the type of memory that encompasses skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically.
implicit
Gross motor skills Multiple choice question. involve the hands and fingers. develop after fine motor skill development. involve large-muscle activities. begin with the Moro reflex.
involve large-muscle activities
If an infant's behavior is followed by a reinforcing stimulus, the behavior Multiple choice question. will stop completely. is less likely to recur. will change into a new behavior. is likely to recur.
is likely to recur
______ is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols. Multiple choice question. Social referencing Interaction Language Equilibration
language
A recent research review indicated there is a positive link between infant sleep and cognitive function including: Multiple select question. breathing language memory executive function movement
language memory executive function
Conceptual categorization occurs ______ perceptual categorization. Multiple choice question. later than earlier than simultaneously with
later than
Eleanora is aware of where her mother is in the house by the sound of her voice. this positioning is know as Multiple choice question. posturing. leveling. localization. perspective.
localization
Which of the following is not an example of a common first-word type for an infant? Multiple choice question. Greeting terms Locations Toys Food
locations
A mother changes a patterned picture on the wall. According to dishabituation, her infant will most likely do which of the following? Multiple choice question. Look longer at the new picture Look at the old and new pictures for the same amount of time Ignore the new picture Cry because of the new picture
look longer at the new picture
In terms of sudden infant death syndrome risk, the safest position for a sleeping infant is Multiple choice question. lying on their back. lying on their belly. sitting up. lying on their side.
lying on their back
Which of the following involves the retention of information over time? Multiple choice question. Memory Encoding Joint attention Habituation
memory
_____ is the retention of information over time.
memory
Piaget believed that we build ______ structures that help us understand the world and adjust to new environmental demands. Multiple choice question. mental scientific physical three-dimensional
mental
Infants should consume ______ an adult's requirement of calories per pound. Multiple choice question. more than twice less than half less than twice more than triple
more than twice
The _____ reflex occurs in response to a sudden, intense noise or movement.
moro
A baby learns how to use a spoon. He later learns how to use a fork and knife. He relates these behaviors together into a higher-order system. What Piagetian concept does this example describe? Multiple choice question. Accommodation Organization Equilibration Assimilation
organization
Young infants seem to categorize on the basis of _____ features, such as shape, color, and pattern. Multiple choice question. psychological sensory phonemic perceptual
perceptual
_____ categorization is the type of categorization that is based on similar features of objects, such as size, color, and movement.
perceptual
Which of the following is not a component of language? Multiple choice question. Perceptual categorization Rules for varying words Rules for combining words Words used by a community
perceptual categorization
Seven-month-old Logan seems to respond more to the higher level sound of his mother's voice than the deeper sound of his dad's voice. This is an example of Logan's ability to differentiate between the ______ of the sound. Multiple choice question. pitch perception position posturing
pitch
The perception of the frequency of a sound is a description of Multiple choice question. sensitivity. sensation. perception. pitch.
pitch
The process of myelination begins ______ and continues into ______. Multiple choice question. prenatally; adolescence and emerging adulthood in infancy; adolescence and adulthood late childhood; adulthood in infancy; late childhood
prenatally; adolescence and emerging adulthood
Researchers have found that nearly twice as many of the neural connections made in an infant's brain will ever be used. The unused connections will be _____
pruned
_______ is the term used to describe the process by which unused neural connections are replaced by other pathways or disappear. Multiple choice question. Fertilizing Blooming Trimming Pruning
pruning
_____ vocabulary refers to words a child understands.
receptive
Research shows that an infant can understand words that refer to body parts, such as "hand" but they cannot yet speak these words. This is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. receptive vocabulary underextension spoken vocabulary overextension
receptive vocabulary
_____ are built-in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements in an involuntary and automatic way. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)
reflexes
Research has shown that infants will suck faster on a nipple when the sucking behavior is followed by a visual display, music, or a human voice. The visual display, music, or human voice is considered to be a(n) Multiple choice question. scheme. reinforcer. environmental trigger. symbol.
reinforcer
Synaptic connections that are unused are Multiple choice question. transformed into fat cells. signs of a neurological disorder. replaced or pruned. strengthened over time.
replaced or pruned
The _____ reflex occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched and the infant then turns its head toward the side that was touched.
rooting
An infant becomes habituated to the patterned picture on the wall. How can dishabituation be achieved? Multiple choice question. Put a new blanket in the crib Do nothing; the infant's response will recover Rotate the photo 90 degrees Play a new sound
rotate the photo 90 degrees
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge are known as ______. Multiple choice question. habituation classifications equilibration schemes
schemes
Grasping, strategies for problem solving, driving a car, and balancing a budget are all examples of ______, according to Piaget. Multiple choice question. schemes accommodations strategies encoding
schemes
______ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors. Multiple choice question. Locomotion Sensation Articulation Perception
sensation
Which of the following techniques is not a procedure used to study sensation and perception in infancy? Multiple choice question. Sensorimotor reactivity method Habituation Visual preference method Dishabituation
sensorimotor reactivity method
Habituation experiments show that children as young as 3 to 4 months can group together objects with ______ appearances. Multiple choice question. paternal maternal similar different
similar
Words a child uses are called ______ vocabulary. Multiple choice question. receptive interaction semantic spoken
spoken
Millicent knows what a ball is but cannot say the word "ball." She has not yet incorporated the word into her Multiple choice question. receptive vocabulary. sensory vocabulary. perceptual vocabulary. spoken vocabulary.
spoken vocabulary
The _____ reflex enables newborns to get nourishment before they have associated a nipple with food. It also serves as a self-soothing or self--regulating mechanism.
sucking
_____ _____ death syndrome is a condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and die. (Remember to type only one word in each blank.)
sudden infant
______ is the use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives. Multiple choice question. Overextension Underextension Holophrasing Telegraphic speech
telegraphic speech
At birth, an infant's brain contains ______ nerve cells. Multiple choice question. tens of billions tens of millions 5 million 150 million
tens of billions
The current view of perceptual-motor coupling in infants is Multiple choice question. the evolutionary behavior view. the genetic determination view. the passive systems view. the dynamic systems view.
the dynamic systems view
What is the age range that is associated with infantile or childhood amnesia? Multiple choice question. The first six months of life The first three years of life The first 12 months of life The first six years of life
the first three years of life
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) usually happens during Multiple choice question. the afternoon. the night. the morning.
the night
The laboratory procedure constructed by Gibson and Walk (1960) to determine whether or not an infant could perceive depth is called ______. Multiple choice question. the strange situation the visual cliff high-amplitude sucking the visual preference technique
the visual cliff
True or false: According to the textbook, infants can imitate facial expressions within the first few days after birth.
true
True or false: Children who grow up in an unresponsive and unstimulating environment show considerably less brain activity compared with children with stimulating backgrounds.
true
True or false: One of the functions of early vocalizations is to attract attention.
true
True or false: The language acquisition device provides a child with the ability to form plural words.
true
True or false: There is no practical limit to the number of meaningful sentences that can be created using the words and rules in the human language.
true
During the first two years of life, nearly ______ as many synaptic connections are made as will ever be used. Multiple choice question. five times twenty times twice ten times
twice
Which of the following activities is NOT a gross motor skill? Multiple choice question. Jumping rope Swimming Tying shoes Walking
tying shoes
The timing of a child's first word and the timing of the vocabulary spurt Multiple choice question. vary. have nothing to do with each other. are closely related.
vary
In evolutionary time, humans' acquisition of language is considered to be Multiple choice question. very delayed. very ancient. slightly delayed. very recent.
very recent
The sensation of _____ occurs as rays of light contact the eyes, become focused on the retina, and are transmitted by the optic nerve to the visual centers of the brain.
vision
At what age does babbling first begin? Multiple choice question. 2 months At birth 12 months 6 months
6 months
At what age do infants begin gesturing? Multiple choice question. 4 to 6 months 2 to 4 months 8 to 12 months 6 to 8 months
8 to 12 months
Darlene's infant daughter does not yet recognize her name when someone says it. What is the oldest she is likely to be? Multiple choice question. 11 months old 7 months old 2 months old 4 months old
4 months old
Cole hears his mother's voice and turns his head toward the sound demonstrating his ability to localize sounds. This tells you that Cole is at least _____ months of age.
6
Select all that apply Scientists are using which of the following technology to study infant perception? Multiple select question. Video-recording equipment Sensory deprivation equipment Eye-tracking equipment High-speed computer equipment Respiration and heart rate equipment
Video-recording equipment Eye-tracking equipment High-speed computer equipment Respiration and heart rate equipment
Select all that apply Which of the following are reasons language scholars believe that language has a biological basis? Multiple select question. a. Children acquire language in a remarkably similar way all over the world. b. Particular regions of the brain are predisposed to be used for language. c. Damage to certain areas of the brain affect a person's ability to speak or understand language. d. Infants can hear sounds and voices prenatally.
a. Children acquire language in a remarkably similar way all over the world. b. Particular regions of the brain are predisposed to be used for language. c. Damage to certain areas of the brain affect a person's ability to speak or understand language.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding common first words? Multiple choice question. a. Common first words for babies are the same now as they were 50 years ago. b. Infants will not utter their first words until about 18 months of age on average. c. Infants' first words are part of their receptive vocabulary. d. The first words that babies utter today reflect the current culture, and change with the generations.
a. Common first words for babies are the same now as they were 50 years ago.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding deferred imitation? Multiple choice question. a. Meltzoff's research showed that it occurred earlier than Piaget theorized. b. Meltzoff's research confirmed Piaget's beliefs about when deferred imitation occurred. c. Meltzoff's research showed that it occurred later than Piaget theorized. d. Meltzoff's research disproved that infants engage in deferred imitation.
a. Meltzoff's research showed that it occurred earlier than Piaget theorized.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding sudden infant death syndrome? Multiple choice question. a. SIDS is more common in middle socioeconomic groups. b. SIDS is more common in infants who experience secondhand smoke. c. Infants who have abnormal brain stem functioning have a higher rate of SIDS. d. SIDS is more common if infants sleep in soft bedding.
a. SIDS is more common in middle socioeconomic groups.
Dynamic systems theory explains motor behavior as a(n) ______ process. Multiple choice question. active passive non-experiential unilateral
active
Which of the following vocalizations do infants start to make around the middle of the first year of life? Multiple choice question. Stuttering Crying Babbling Cooing
babbling
To reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, an infant should be placed to sleep on their Multiple choice question. back. mother's chest. side. stomach.
back
Some experts view the remarkable similarities in children's language acquisition all over the world as strong evidence that language has a ______ basis. Multiple choice question. cognitive cultural social biological
biological
Select all that apply According to Piaget, cognitive development is a process sculpted by Multiple select question. biology memorization drills nutrition experiences
biology experiences
Which of the following statements is true regarding the trend towards overweight infants? Multiple choice question. a. Concern for infant weight is not a factor until the baby reaches one year of age. b. The rate of overweight younger infants (under 6 months of age) exceeds the number of overweight older infants. c. Babies are eating too much junk food and not enough fruits and vegetables. d. Infants from higher SES backgrounds are more likely to be overweight.
c. Babies are eating too much junk food and not enough fruits and vegetables.
What does research on infants' recognition of language sounds demonstrate? Multiple choice question. a. Infants are able to distinguish among sounds in all languages until the age of three months. b. During their first few years, deaf children have no concept of language and communication. c. By their first birthday, infants lose the ability to recognize differences in sounds not important in their own language. d. Infants are born with the ability to distinguish among sounds, but only in their native language.
c. By their first birthday, infants lose the ability to recognize differences in sounds not important in their own language.
Which of the following groups would have the most depression in brain activity, based on our understanding of the impact of environment on brain development? Multiple choice question. a. Children who attend a low-quality day care with other children present b. Children who are hospitalized for extended periods but who have positive interaction with parents c. Children raised in an unresponsive, unstimulating, and underfunded orphanage d. Children with low SES who attend a high-quality Head Start day care
c. Children raised in an unresponsive, unstimulating, and underfunded orphanage
Which of the following statements is true? Multiple choice question. a. Infants, on average, are able to understand the same number of words as their age in months. b. At 12 months, infants can say more words than they can understand. c. Infants can say 50 words at about 18 months. d. Infants can say words as soon as they understand those words.
c. Infants can say 50 words at about 18 months.
Creativity is a complex thinking activity. Which statement below represents most accurately the view of neuroscientists on creativity and lateralization? Multiple choice question. a. Most neuroscientists believe that all cognitive abilities are lateralized. b. Most neuroscientists believe that creativity is a "left-brained" activity. c. Most neuroscientists agree that creativity is complex and therefore is not lateralized. d. Most neuroscientists agree that creativity is primarily a "right-brained" activity.
c. Most neuroscientists agree that creativity is complex and therefore is not lateralized.
Which statement is true regarding telegraphic speech? Multiple choice question. a. Telegraphic speech involves phrases with only two words. b. Telegraphic speech includes articles in the phrasing but NOT connectives. c. Telegraphic speech is not limited to two words. d. Telegraphic speech is a part of receptive language.
c. Telegraphic speech is not limited to two words.
If you were analyzing the results of a sleep study in which the participant began the sleep cycle with REM sleep and spent 50% of the time in REM sleep, what could you determine about the age of the participant? Multiple choice question. a. The subject is between 2 and 4 years of age. b. The subject is most likely an adult. c. The subject is between birth and 3 months of age. d. The subject is at least 6 months of age.
c. The subject is between birth and 3 months of age.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding language development in childhood? Multiple choice question. a. Nearly all children will have spoken their first word by 10 months. b. Children who have siblings will speak their first word and have their vocabulary spurt sooner than only children. c. The timing of a child's first word and the timing of the vocabulary spurt vary. d. A child's vocabulary spurt happens around the age of three years.
c. The timing of a child's first word and the timing of the vocabulary spurt vary.
The reason that infants are capable of grasping an object before they can take their first steps is reflected in the Multiple choice question. cephalocaudal pattern of growth. proximodistal pattern of growth. plasticity pattern of growth. differentiation pattern of growth.
cephalocaudal pattern of growth.
Wernicke's area is associated with language Multiple choice question. production. retrieval. comprehension. enhancement.
comprehension
What must infants have in order to make generalizations about objects? Multiple choice question. Categorization Schemes Habituation Concepts
concepts
What term describes the sound infants begin to make at 2 to 4 months? Multiple choice question. Babbling Gesturing Cooing Crying
cooing
The sounds that infants make to express pleasure during interactions with a caregiver are called _____
cooing OR coos
Why does Meltzoff believe that infant imitation has a biological basis? Multiple choice question. a. Infants begin repeating sounds they hear by two months of life. b. Infants are born with mature prefrontal lobes. c. Infants are born with all the connections in the brain associated with cognition. d. Infants can imitate facial expressions within the first few days after birth.
d. Infants can imitate facial expressions within the first few days after birth.
If an infant categorizes birds and airplanes into the same group, which of the following statements regarding perceptual categorization and conceptual categorization is true? Multiple choice question. a. The infant is most likely 11 months old. b. The infant understands conceptual categorization but not perceptual categorization. c. The infant can accommodate between the two groups. d. The infant understands perceptual categorization but not conceptual categorization.
d. The infant understands perceptual categorization but not conceptual categorization.
Generally, the axon carries signals away from the cell body, and the _____ carry signals toward the cell body.
dendrites
Many people attend a concert. According to the definition of perception, the people will interpret the experience Multiple choice question. identically. negatively. differently. visually.
differently
True or false: Accommodation occurs when children use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.
false
Memory without conscious recollection is known as Multiple choice question. explicit memory. infantile amnesia. implicit memory. internalization.
implicit memory
Which type of memory is demonstrated earliest in infants? Multiple choice question. Associative memory Explicit memory Focused memory Implicit memory
implicit memory
What term refers to the inability to remember events in the first three years of life? Multiple choice question. Infantile or childhood amnesia Memory recall impairment Dishabituation Immature memory capacity
infantile or childhood amnesia
______ is the ability to produce a virtually endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules. Multiple choice question. Pragmatics Semantic word development Phonology Infinite generativity
infinite generativity
The _____ view emphasizes that language acquisition occurs because of both biological and environmental influences.
interactionist
When watching a hockey game, spectators can hear the sound of the stick hitting the puck and see the puck slide across the ice. This ability is known as ______. Multiple choice question. multisensory perception visio-auditory integration temporal-occipital integration intermodal perception
intermodal perception
To develop _____ skills, infants must perceive something in their environment that motivates them to act and use their perceptions to control their movements.
motor
One day, a child takes a drumstick and hits a toy drum. Several days later, he is presented with a drumstick and toy xylophone. Then, he is given a smaller stick and a triangle. Based on his previous experiences with the other instruments, he hits the triangle with the stick. What Piagetian concept does this example describe? Multiple choice question. Organization Tertiary circular reactions Accommodation Equilibration
organization
A baby puts small shapes into a box and large shapes into a different box. This is known as Multiple choice question. perceptual categorization. conceptual categorization. deferred imitation. infinite generativity.
perceptual categorization
A person who experiences damage to Broca's area will have difficulty Multiple choice question. comprehending what others say. using the hands to make gestures. producing speech. developing complex thoughts.
producing speech
With what is Broca's area associated? Multiple choice question. The memory of what words mean The ability to hear others speak The production of words Language comprehension
the production of words
The procedure in which infants are placed on the edge of a glass-covered drop-off and their mothers coax them to crawl onto the glass is called the Multiple choice question. depth chamber. dropoff experiment. visual cliff. visual preference.
visual cliff
Myelination for _____ pathways occurs rapidly after birth and is completed in the first six months. Myelination for _____ pathways is not completed until 4 or 5 years of age.
visual; auditory
The rapid increase in vocabulary that begins at approximately 18 months of age is called the Multiple choice question. vocabulary spurt. vocabulary rush. word spurt. word rush.
vocabulary spurt
