Lifespan G&D Final Exam Review Unit 3

Which nation has the highest rate of Internet addiction? a. Turkey b. United States c. India d. Hong Kong

d. Hong Kong

Based on Klaczynski's research, a higher _________________ did not advance logic as much as experience. a. achievement test score in science b. GPA c. socioeconomic status d. IQ test score

d. IQ test score

_____ is sometimes called "bottom-up reasoning." a. Deductive reasoning b. Analytical thought c. Hypothetical thought d. Inductive reasoning

d. Inductive reasoning

What is one way of encouraging adolescents to engage in their education? a. Change scheduling to increase movement between teachers and classrooms. b. Provide programs for guaranteed college admission. c. Reduce extracurricular availability. d. Provide programs for students interested in preparing for jobs rather than college.

d. Provide programs for students interested in preparing for jobs rather than college.

Micah is in middle school and is learning about the cosmos in his science class. This is an example of: a. the emergence if hypothetical-deductive reasoning in adolescence. b. the entity theory of intelligence. c. the difference in the personal fable from children to adolescents. d. a shift from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought in adolescence.

d. a shift from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought in adolescence.

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given: a. the opportunity to take the test as many times as necessary to pass. b. an oral exam and a practical exam. c. several different tests to address varying learning styles. d. a single test to determine success or failure.

d. a single test to determine success or failure.

Twelve-year-old Jose noticed his teacher walk right past him in class today without looking at him. His teacher stopped at the desk behind Jose and told his classmate Jana that she did a good job on her exam yesterday. Jose interpreted his teacher's behavior as proof that his teacher hates him. This conclusion is likely reflective of: a. the invincibility fable. b. formal operational thinking. c. the personal fable. d. adolescent egocentrism.

d. adolescent egocentrism.

Which of the following indicates that there is a variable associated with academic success during the middle school years? a. programs that help students learn how to do their homework at school b. increasing parental involvement in the school setting c. providing students with adultlike expectations d. adolescents adopting a concept of mastery motivation

d. adolescents adopting a concept of mastery motivation

When is cyberbullying most prevalent? a. age 17 b. ages 16 to 18 c. ages 9 to 11 d. ages 11 to 14

d. ages 11 to 14

Young brains have both fast-growing synapses and sections that remain unconnected, which allows new connections to facilitate the acquisition of: a. creativity. b. neither moral development nor creativity. c. moral development. d. both moral development and creativity.

d. both moral development and creativity.

Kaytlin, who is a teen, is wide awake at midnight but half asleep all morning. Her hormones are causing: a. a normalizing sleep-wake cycle. b. delay in her sleep-wake cycle. c. a reduction in REM sleep. d. changes in her circadian rhythm.

d. changes in her circadian rhythm.

The overall rate of teen births and teen abortions is: a. declining for teen abortions and increasing for teen births. b. declining for teen births and increasing for teen abortions. c. increasing for both. d. declining for both

d. declining for both

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual activity, especially if it results in birth, is more hazardous because: a. teen mothers have jobs that are at least 15 miles away from their home. b. the government only provides free diapers and food stamps. c. mothers have husbands to help them but do not make enough money. d. earlier puberty and weaker social taboos mean teens have sexual experiences at younger ages.

d. earlier puberty and weaker social taboos mean teens have sexual experiences at younger ages.

Like most adolescents, Keisha depends on older _____ for advice and support. a. siblings b. peers c. girls d. family members

d. family members

Seventeen-year-old Gina typically makes good decisions and stays out of trouble. Her parents were surprised one night to discover that Gina had snuck out of the house, knowing that if she were caught, she would be grounded and would lose driving privileges and the use of her cell phone. When questioned about her decision to sneak out, Gina told her parents that her best friend was having a hard time, so Gina "had to" go talk to her at 3:00 A.M. Nothing else mattered, she told her parents. Gina seemed to have made her decision to sneak out based on _________ thinking. a. egocentric b. formal operational c. analytic d. intuitive

d. intuitive

A longitudinal study of brain scans concluded that teenagers: a. look like adults and have brains that are cognitively developed like an adult brain. b. have brains that are more developed than adult brains. c. have brain cells that grow twice as fast as adult brain cells. d. may look like adults but cognitively are not there yet.

d. may look like adults but cognitively are not there yet.

Mr. Sanchez gives the car keys to his son and asks, "Who is going to the movies with you and what time will you be home?" This questioning is an example of: a. parental mistrust. b. psychological control. c. interference with the child's developing autonomy. d. parental monitoring.

d. parental monitoring.

The pubertal growth spurt: a. occurs in a proximodistal fashion. b. begins with a lengthening of the torso. c. proceeds from the core to the extremities. d. proceeds from the extremities to the core.

d. proceeds from the extremities to the core.

Hormone levels may explain sex differences in psychopathology. Males have twice the rate of _____, and females have twice the rate of _____. a. OCD; depression b. schizophrenia; OCD c. depression; schizophrenia d. schizophrenia; depression

d. schizophrenia; depression

The period after primary education and before tertiary education is called: a. elementary school. b. college. c. vocational education. d. secondary education.

d. secondary education.

Today's more evident "digital divide": a. is international. b. separates rich from poor. c. separates boys from girls. d. separates young from old.

d. separates young from old.

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual activity, especially if it results in birth, is more hazardous because: a. mothers have husbands to help them, but they tend to be alcoholics. b. teen mothers have at least two jobs to pay for rent, utilities, and food. c. the government only provides free child care through age 3. d. sexually transmitted infections are more common and dangerous.

d. sexually transmitted infections are more common and dangerous.

At which of the following ages would you expect acute self-consciousness to be at its highest? a. 16 b. 18 c. 12 d. 8

c. 12

Until _____, only students at a few highly selective colleges could join Facebook. a. 2001 b. 1999 c. 2006 d. 2010

c. 2006

What percentage of teen mothers are unwed? a. 60 percent b. 75 percent c. 50 percent d. 86 percent

d. 86 percent

Eighteen-year-old Gary is struggling because he would love to be a stay-at-home dad in the future, as he loves kids and desperately wants his own family. But he believes that this is not an option for him because he is male. This belief reflects: a. gender identity. b. vocational identity. c. sexual identity. d. gender intensification.

a. gender identity.

Only _____ of teens have ever had a romantic relationship that began online. a. 6 percent b. 12 percent c. 35 percent d. 22 percent

a. 6 percent

Which of the following is a possible reason that adolescents struggle socially or academically? a. Egocentrism is dominating. b. Having the need to rebel against adult rules and values. c. Analytic skills are not yet developed. d. Intuitive thought is advanced.

a. Egocentrism is dominating.

Which country has the highest rate of video game addiction? a. Hong Kong b. United States c. India d. Turkey

a. Hong Kong

Teenagers are likely to experience sleep deprivation as a consequence of their: a. altered circadian rhythm. b. growing pains. c. immature prefrontal cortex. d. refusal to align their sleep patterns with those of adults.

a. altered circadian rhythm.

A person's idea of how his or her body looks is called: a. body image. b. body perception. c. image perception. d. mirror image.

a. body image.

The overall rate of teen births and teen abortions is: a. declining for both. b. increasing for both. c. declining for teen births and increasing for teen abortions. d. declining for teen abortions and increasing for teen births.

a. declining for both.

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms is referred to as: a. deviancy training. b. delinquent apprenticeship. c. hoodlum apprenticeship. d. peer pressure.

a. deviancy training.

Which of the following is a sign of stress during adolescence? a. externalizing behaviors by blaming others b. cognitive processing c. participating in extracurricular activities d. increased academic achievement

a. externalizing behaviors by blaming others

Which of the following could account for the increase in pathology seen in adolescence? a. family conflict during adolescence b. the stress of entering college c. puberty suppressing genes related to psychopathology d. All of these are correct.

a. family conflict during adolescence

Randy is in the stage of _______ if his thinking no longer depends on concrete experiences. a. formal operational thought b. preoperational thought c. sensorimotor thought d. concrete operational thought

a. formal operational thought

Teenage girls are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections than mature women are because: a. fully developed women have some natural biological defenses against STIs. b. teenage girls are less likely to seek medical care. c. the pubertal hormonal profile promotes the development of STIs. d. teenage girls are more likely to have sex with an infected male.

a. fully developed women have some natural biological defenses against STIs.

High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation potentially results in: a. increased retention rates. b. greater college success. c. advancements in cognitive development. d. higher quality curriculum.

a. increased retention rates.

The thought process that involves using one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion is called: a. inductive reasoning. b. factual synthesis. c. deductive reasoning. d. experiential mentation.

a. inductive reasoning.

What type of thought begins with a prior belief, past experience, or common assumption rather than a logical premise? a. intuitive b. investigative c. methodical d. presumptive

a. intuitive

Which of the following is a predictor of high intelligence? a. life experiences b. intuitive thought c. analytical thought d. formal operational thought

a. life experiences

High schools today: a. often require most students to take two years of math beyond algebra. b. allow most students to choose their own curriculum. c. allow many students to earn a general diploma and thus avoid the rigor of college-preparatory courses. d. prepare most students for a trade.

a. often require most students to take two years of math beyond algebra.

The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction are called: a. primary sex characteristics. b. secondary sex characteristics. c. reproductive gametes. d. reproductive attributes.

a. primary sex characteristics.

The period after primary education and before tertiary education is called: a. secondary education. b. college. c. vocational education. d. elementary school.

a. secondary education.

This is one of the main reasons that more than half of all parents restrict technology use by their teen. a. sexual abuse b. addiction c. academic performance d. cyberbullying

a. sexual abuse

One result of dissatisfaction with body image is that many teenage boys: a. take steroids to increase muscle mass. b. jog to lose weight. c. go to tanning salons to darken their skin. d. grow beards to look older.

a. take steroids to increase muscle mass.

In a study of adolescent thinking, Klaczynski concluded that: a. teenagers can use logic, but most did not consistently. b. intuition promoted the use of logic. c. logic promoted the use of intuition. d. teenagers cannot use logic.

a. teenagers can use logic, but most did not consistently.

Sixteen-year-old Yung Sun has been dating Marcus for two months. She believes that no one has ever been in love as much as she is in love with Marcus. She is insulted whenever her parents tell her that the relationship probably won't last. Yung Sun's feelings are an example of: a. the personal fable. b. the imaginary audience. c. abstract thinking. d. the invincibility fable.

a. the personal fable.

The part of the brain that showed a marked discrepancy between adolescents and adults involved in the risk-taking video game study was: a. ventral striatum. b. cerebellum. c. prefrontal cortex. d. pituitary gland.

a. ventral striatum.

The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word: a. "because." b. "if." c. "how." d. "why."

b. "if."

How many African nations criminalize those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender? a. 53 b. 38 c. 12 d. 85

b. 38

About _____ of teens in the United States go online daily. a. 60 percent b. 92 percent c. 44 percent d. 75 percent

b. 92 percent

Which of the following students would be particularly at risk of experiencing overwhelming stress during the transition to a new school? a. Jenna, a European American female who has just entered a high school where she is in the majority, as was the case for her in middle school b. Carlos, who had been in a middle school where he and other Latinos were in the majority and now is at a high school where Latinos are in the minority c. All of the students are at equal risk. d. Isaiah, who is African American and attends a predominantly African American high school, while his middle school was predominantly Latino and European American

b. Carlos, who had been in a middle school where he and other Latinos were in the majority and now is at a high school where Latinos are in the minority

Which of the following statements is true? a. The United States is one of the few countries where education is compulsory. b. Completing secondary and tertiary education is related to improved health and wealth in every nation. c. Education is correlated with improved wealth, but it is not correlated with improved health. d. High school graduation rates improve health only for people in higher socioeconomic levels.

b. Completing secondary and tertiary education is related to improved health and wealth in every nation.

Which theorist first described adolescent egocentrism? a. Lawrence Kohlberg b. David Elkind c. Jean Piaget d. Sigmund Freud

b. David Elkind

Which country has the highest reported condom use for 15-year-olds? a. Germany b. France c. United States d. Italy

b. France

Which of the following statements is true regarding the U.S. high school dropout rate? a. Dropout rates are steady. b. Hispanic students are the most likely to drop out. c. Dropout rates continue to rise. d. African American students are the most likely to drop out.

b. Hispanic students are the most likely to drop out.

Which of the following is considered a male secondary sexual characteristic? a. The testes mature in function. b. Shoulders widen. c. The testes grow in size. d. The penis grows in size.

b. Shoulders widen.

Which of the following increases the likelihood of a teen joining a religious or politically extreme group? a. parents who declare that they are politically independent b. a family member killed by the opposing group c. age—being a teenager makes joining extreme groups attractive d. parents who oppose the group

b. a family member killed by the opposing group

"Gender identity" refers to: a. a person's biologically determined sex. b. a person's self-definition as male or female. c. a behavior pattern that is appropriate for only men or only women. d. the direction of a person's sexual or romantic attraction.

b. a person's self-definition as male or female

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given: a. the opportunity to take the test as many times as necessary to pass. b. a single test to determine success or failure. c. several different tests to address varying learning styles. d. an oral exam and a practical exam.

b. a single test to determine success or failure.

Which of the following indicates that there is a variable associated with academic success during the middle school years? a. increasing parental involvement in the school setting b. adolescents adopting a concept of mastery motivation c. programs that help students learn how to do their homework at school d. providing students with adultlike expectations

b. adolescents adopting a concept of mastery motivation

What percentage of young women and teens in the United States is clinically bulimic? a. between 5 and 10 percent b. between 1 and 3 percent c. 15 percent d. 20 percent

b. between 1 and 3 percent

A person's idea of how his or her body looks is called: a. mirror image. b. body image. c. image perception. d. body perception.

b. body image.

High school romances: a. usually last two to three years. b. commonly lead to breakups and to crushes that are not reciprocated. c. are usually one-sided, with the male having a steady girlfriend. d. usually evolve into committed relationships.

b. commonly lead to breakups and to crushes that are not reciprocated.

When used carefully, _____ can enhance learning. a. smartphones b. computer games c. social media d. X-Box games

b. computer games

How much weight an adolescent gains during his or her growth spurt depends on all of the following EXCEPT: a. exercise. b. gender identity. c. diet. d. hormones.

b. gender identity.

Which of the following is another name for the sex glands? a. pituitary gland b. gonads c. hypothalamus d. adrenal glands

b. gonads

About _____ of adult bone mass is acquired between the ages of 10 and 20. a. one-third b. half c. three-quarters d. one-quarter

b. half

The thought process that involves using one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion is called: a. deductive reasoning. b. inductive reasoning. c. factual synthesis. d. experiential mentation.

b. inductive reasoning.

The adolescent's belief that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal is called the: a. imaginary audience. b. invincibility fable. c. superhero fable. c. personal fable.

b. invincibility fable.

Which of the following may contribute to the academic decline of middle school? a. adolescents' conscientious effort in academics b. scarce age-compatible opportunities for after-school activities c. decreased difficulty in teachers' grading d. parent-adolescent positive relationships

b. scarce age-compatible opportunities for after-school activities

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual activity, especially if it results in birth, is more hazardous because: a. mothers have husbands to help them, but they tend to be alcoholics. b. sexually transmitted infections are more common and dangerous. c. teen mothers have at least two jobs to pay for rent, utilities, and food. d. the government only provides free child care through age 3.

b. sexually transmitted infections are more common and dangerous.

John is an impulsive teen. He is also adventurous yet sometimes fearful. Based on his characteristics, what type of family environment would result in John being less likely to experiment with drugs? a. harsh b. supportive c. uninvolved d. permissive

b. supportive

The route that many hormones follow to trigger the changes of puberty is called: a. the chain of hormonal changes. b. the HPA axis. c. the GnRH hormone route. d. generational forgetting.

b. the HPA axis.

Julie is obsessed with how others will react to her behavior and appearance. It takes her several hours to dress in the morning as she considers what both her friends and her enemies will think of her. Julie's behavior reflects the power of: a. formal operational thought. b. the imaginary audience. c. adolescent perfection. d. the invincibility fable.

b. the imaginary audience.

Which of the following statements about teens' use of the Internet is true? a. Most teens do not use the Internet on a daily basis. b. Adolescents' daily use of the Internet is more likely for academic than social reasons. c. Adolescents' daily use of the Internet is more likely for social than academic reasons. d. The biggest issue for teens today regarding the Internet is access.

c. Adolescents' daily use of the Internet is more likely for social than academic reasons.

Which of the following statements about hypothetical thought is true? a. Hypothetical thought is seen only after thinking has advanced beyond egocentrism. b. A hallmark of hypothetical thought is the ability to think of that which is present. c. Hypothetical thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality. d. A hallmark of hypothetical thought is the ability to engage in inductive reasoning.

c. Hypothetical thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality.

_____ is sometimes called "bottom-up reasoning." a. Analytical thought b. Deductive reasoning c. Inductive reasoning d. Hypothetical thought

c. Inductive reasoning

Which of the following is a reason that sexting during adolescence is destructive? a. It glorifies the thin ideal. b. It occurs during the preoperational period of cognitive development. c. It is occurring during the development of body image when a distorted self-concept is not unusual. d. Teens may consent to sending the messages to multiple recipients.

c. It is occurring during the development of body image when a distorted self-concept is not unusual.

What type of thought involves the rational analysis of many factors whose interactions must be calculated? a. contextualized b. implicit c. analytic d. experiential

c. analytic

What percentage of young women and teens in the United States is clinically bulimic? a. between 5 and 10 percent b. 15 percent c. between 1 and 3 percent d. 20 percent

c. between 1 and 3 percent

Which of the following is a symptom of bulimia nervosa? a. a BMI of 18 or lower b. self-starvation c. bingeing and purging d. excessive exercising

c. bingeing and purging

Which of the following has narrowed the digital divide? a. computers in libraries b. tablets c. cost of smartphones d. computers in schools

c. cost of smartphones

The structure of middle school does not seem to take into account adolescents': a. abstract thinking abilities. b. formal operational thinking. c. egocentrism and need for public recognition. d. dual-process thinking.

c. egocentrism and need for public recognition.

At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: ___________ in girls and __________ in boys. a. androgens; testosterones b. testosterones; estradiol c. estradiol; testosterone d. androgens; estrogens

c. estradiol; testosterone

Jay is a 16-year-old gay male living in rural Alaska. The Internet could be a way that Jay: a. All of these are correct. b. can connect with other heterosexual youth around the world and increase his isolation. c. experiences cyberbullying. d. learn ways to engage in cyberbullying.

c. experiences cyberbullying.

The hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is: a. cortisol. b. prolactin. c. leptin. d. estradiol.

c. leptin.

According to business leaders, today's high school graduates lack ___________, which would make them more prepared for the rapidly changing job market. a. academic knowledge b. social skills c. marketable skill development d. All of these are correct.

c. marketable skill development

Avery is 17 and recently gave birth to a child. What type of lifelong problems will Avery most likely encounter? a. family and income b. family and medical c. medical and educational d. social and income

c. medical and educational

A study of 1,310 Dutch and Belgian adolescents found that a. popularity and acceptance among peers is related to self-esteem. b. teens view other adolescents as more egocentric than they are. c. self-esteem and loneliness are related to the teens' perception of how others view them. d. teens view other adolescents as less egocentric than they are.

c. self-esteem and loneliness are related to the teens' perception of how others view them.

College is considered: a. primary education. b. None of these is correct. c. tertiary education. d. secondary education.

c. tertiary education.

Which characteristic of adolescent thinking can "magnify the shame" of cyberbullying? a. the invisibility fable b. abstract thinking c. the imaginary audience d. the personal fable

c. the imaginary audience

In a study of adolescent thinking, Klaczynski concluded that: a. logic promoted the use of intuition. b. intuition promoted the use of logic. c. teenagers cannot use logic. d. teenagers can use logic, but most did not consistently.

d. teenagers can use logic, but most did not consistently.

According to the study comparing adults to adolescents playing risk-taking video games for points: a. there was little difference. b. teens took fewer risks with peers due to fear of failure. c. adults took more risks due to their confidence and that it was not real life. d. teens took more risks, especially when with peers.

d. teens took more risks, especially when with peers.

The overall rate of teen births and teen abortions in the United States is: a. the lowest of any developed nation. b. the lowest of any developed nation except Japan. c. the highest of any developed nation except Japan. d. the highest of any developed nation.

d. the highest of any developed nation.

Which of the following best explains why teens engage in behavior that they know puts them at risk? a. the imaginary audience b. the personal fable c. adolescent aggression d. the invincibility fable

d. the invincibility fable

Although concrete operational thinkers might succeed on the balance-scale test of formal reasoning, they are less likely to do so because of their reliance on: a. metamemory. b. logic. c. elementary principles. d. trial and error.

d. trial and error.

The brain of every living creature responds to the environment with: a. constructed rhythms. b. fear and trepidation. c. set chemical reactions. d. variation depending on the time of the year.

d. variation depending on the time of the year.

Dissatisfaction with body image is found: a. rarely among Asian teens. b. in more Latin American teens. c. very rarely in Anglo-Saxons. d. worldwide.

d. worldwide.