Lifetime Chapter 1: Introduction to Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Management

Which of the following are qualities and behaviors closely associated with the interpersonal (social) dimension of wellness? a. recycling used cardboard and plastic bottles b. a healthy social support system c. a sense of belonging to something greater than oneself d. contributing to your community e. satisfying relationships

Correct: b. a healthy social support system d. contributing to your community e. satisfying relationships Incorrect: a. recycling used cardboard and plastic bottles (incorrect because this is more specific to the environmental dimension of wellness, not the interpersonal dimension of wellness) c. a sense of belonging to something greater than oneself (incorrect because this is more closely associated with spiritual wellness.) (p. 3-4 boxes and below explanations)

According to the 2018 American College Health Association survey, approximately what percentage of students reported using e-cigarettes? a. 9.0 percent b. 4.0 percent c. 7.5 percent d. 10.2 percent

a. 9.0 percent (p 11 College Student Wellness)

Which of the following is the definition of health, not the definition of wellness? a. Health is the overall condition of a person's body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury. b. Health is the state of being well in mind and body. c. Health is a concept that is mostly determined by the decisions you make and how you live. d. Health refers to optimal health and vitality, encompassing all of the dimensions of well-being.

a. Health is the overall condition of a person's body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury. (p. 3 Wellness: New Health Goals)

Which of the following is the best example of a SMART goal? a. I want to work out three times a week for 45 minutes for the next six weeks. b. I want to eat healthier dinners. c. I want to perform extra physical activity every day. d. I want to lose inches around my waist.

a. I want to work out three times a week for 45 minutes for the next six weeks. (p 17 Developing Skills for Change: Creating a Personalized Plan)

Which of the following are benefits of physical activity? a. It helps build strength to do everyday tasks. b. It reduces bone density. c. It helps protect against chronic diseases. d. It lowers the risk of premature death.

a. It helps build strength to do everyday tasks. c. It helps protect against chronic diseases. d. It lowers the risk of premature death. (p 8 Be Physically Active)

Which of the following statements are true about a positive behavior change? a. It helps individuals move in the direction of wellness. b. Changing all unhealthy behaviors at once is the easiest path to wellness. c. It is only possible for those who possess a high quality of life. d. It is generally difficult at first.

a. It helps individuals move in the direction of wellness. d. It is generally difficult at first. (p 12 Reaching Wellness Through Lifestyle Management)

Which of the following are true of spiritual wellness? a. People use it to focus on the positive aspects of life. b. Religion is the only source of spiritual wellness. c. Spiritual wellness depends on intellectual wellness. d. Many people find meaning in their lives through nature or art.

a. People use it to focus on the positive aspects of life. d. Many people find meaning in their lives through nature or art. (p 3 Spiritual Wellness)

Irene wants to quit smoking, but her coworkers all smoke, and they do not believe she can quit. Which of the following can she do to help herself succeed? a. Plan on ways to decline when coworkers ask her to go out and smoke with them. b. Find a supportive social group of nonsmokers. c. Spend her break time with her coworkers and rely on willpower to avoid smoking. d. Find other ways to fill the time she used to spend smoking.

a. Plan on ways to decline when coworkers ask her to go out and smoke with them. b. Find a supportive social group of nonsmokers. d. d. Find other ways to fill the time she used to spend smoking. (p 19 Social Influences)

Which of the following are typical of persons in the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model for change? a. They blame others for problems they experience. b. They wish to change their behavior. c. They think they do not have a problem behavior. d. They worry about the effects that their behavior is having on their lives. e. They are unaware of the risks associated with a behavior they have.

a. They blame others for problems they experience. c. They think they do not have a problem behavior. e. e. They are unaware of the risks associated with a behavior they have. (p 15 Precontemplation)

Which of the following are ways to build self-efficacy? (Select all that apply.) a. Use visualization and self-talk. b. Develop an internal locus of control. c. Blame others when you are not able to accomplish something. d. Focus solely on encouragement from an outside support system.

a. Use visualization and self-talk. b. Develop an internal locus of control. (p 14 Boost Self-Efficacy)

Which of the following are true of the social aspects associated with behavior changes? a. You can become a role model for others. b. Your success cannot be affected by those around you. c. It is important to surround yourself with people who support your changes. d. You should focus on getting your friends and family to change their behaviors.

a. You can become a role model for others. c. It is important to surround yourself with people who support your changes. (p 19 Social Influences)

Which of the following belong to the action stage of the stages of change model? a. beginning to avoid triggers for unhealthy behavior b. changing your behavior c. keeping your behavioral changes to yourself d. denying you need to change

a. beginning to avoid triggers for unhealthy behavior b. changing your behavior (p 16 Action)

Which of the following are among the nine dimensions of wellness? a. environmental b. spatial c. interpersonal d. spiritual e. physical f. natural

a. environmental c. interpersonal d. spiritual e. physical (p. 3 Dimensions of Wellness)

Which of the following are recommended strategies for dealing with a relapse? a. learning from your mistake b. congratulating yourself on the progress you have made c. forgiving yourself d. accepting that you will probably not be able to change the behavior

a. learning from your mistake b. congratulating yourself on the progress you have made c. forgiving yourself (p 17 Dealing with Relapse)

Regular physical activity protects against which of the following potentially deadly diseases? a. respiratory disease b. heart disease c. type 2 diabetes d. yellow fever

a. respiratory disease b. heart disease c. type 2 diabetes (p 9 Be Physically Active)

One important thing to do while you are putting your plan into action is to: a. reward yourself for your achievements. b. remember that others determine the success of your plans. c. ignore the support of others. d. conduct all your research on the Internet.

a. reward yourself for your achievements. (p 19 Putting Your Plan into Action)

Your belief in your ability to take action successfully in order to perform a specific task is called a. self-efficacy. b. behavior targeting. c. locus of control. d. self-assessment.

a. self-efficacy. (P 14 Boost Self-Efficacy)

To possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life is to enjoy ______ wellness. a. spiritual b. physical c. emotional d. environmental

a. spiritual (p. 4 Spiritual wellness)

According to the Spring 2018 American College Health Association National College Healthy Assessment II, which of the following was the most reported factor affecting academic performance? a. stress b. sleep difficulties c. depression d. anxiety

a. stress (College Students and Wellness p 11)

What is the purpose of the SMART criteria? a. to help set realistic goals b. to provide a journal format to use during the stages of change c. to provide guidance on healthy eating habits d. to help people measure their fitness levels

a. to help set realistic goals

Which of the following are true of people who are occupationally well? a. They always have high salaries and prestigious titles. b. They take advantage of opportunities to learn and be challenged. c. They feel connected to the people they work with. d. They truly enjoy their work.

b. They take advantage of opportunities to learn and be challenged. c. They feel connected to the people they work with. d. They truly enjoy their work. (p 5 Occupational Wellness)

When using behavior change to manage and improve your lifestyle, it is best to start with a single behavior that you want to change, known as a. a hereditary target. b. a target behavior. c. a hereditary risk factor. d. an environmental factor.

b. a target behavior. (p 13 Choose a Target Behavior)

The overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness and injury is called: a. vitality b. health c. physique d. environment

b. health (p. 3 Wellness: New Health Goals)

People with financial wellness tend to: a. go bankrupt frequently. b. manage their money well. c. work exclusively at banks. d. spend more than their budgets allow.

b. manage their money well. (p 5 Financial Wellness)

Breast cancer can run in families, but it is also associated with which of the following? a. type 1 diabetes b. overweight c. a sedentary lifestyle

b. overweight c. a sedentary lifestyle (p 11 Wellness Factors That Seem Outside Our Control)

At which stage of change do people believe that there are better reasons not to change than there are to make a change? a. preparation b. precontemplation c. contemplation d. action

b. precontemplation (p 15 Precontemplation)

When you put your behavior change plan into action, you should: a. avoid noting your progress in your health journal. b. remember that you are in control of the behavior change. c. get as much support as possible from supportive people. d. focus on yourself and avoid considering what is happening in your environment.

b. remember that you are in control of the behavior change. c. get as much support as possible from supportive people. (p 19 Putting Your Plan into Action)

When attempting behavior change, people often cycle back through earlier stages, but are farther along each time they renew their commitment. This model can be conceptualized as a: a. pyramid b. spiral c. square d. line

b. spiral (p 17 Dealing with Relapse)f

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Affordable Care Act? a. It was repealed in 2018. b. It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. c. It remains in effect, but some provisions have been altered. d. It remains unaltered and has resulted in drastic health care cost reductions.

c. It remains in effect, but some provisions have been altered. (p 6 Health Insurance Options)

Larissa is attempting to change her eating habits, but she has major dental work scheduled and feels too stressed to focus on her new diet. Which of the following solutions best fits her situation? a. The major dental work is unlikely to be the real cause of her stress, so she should visit a counselor to determine the real stressor. b. The stress is imaginary, so she should simply ignore it and recommit herself to her healthy eating goals. c. This stress is temporary, so she should wait until her dental work is completed before strengthening her commitment to her diet. d. This stress is long term, so she needs to figure out a way to deal with it so that it does not disrupt her life.

c. This stress is temporary, so she should wait until her dental work is completed before strengthening her commitment to her diet. (p 20 Stress Barrier)

Which of the following takes place during the action stage of the transtheoretical model? a. You try to raise your awareness of the effects of your behavior. b. You decide on a target behavior. c. You change your behavior and your surroundings to pursue your goal. d. You decide you don't need to change your behavior after all.

c. You change your behavior and your surroundings to pursue your goal. (p 16 Action)

The role of stress in maintaining behavior change a. should not be a focus during one's plan. b. is rarely a major factor in maintaining behavioral changes. c. can be so great that managing stress might be the best way to help change. d. cannot be improved by any means during one's plan.

c. can be so great that managing stress might be the best way to help change. (p 20 Stress Barrier)

When did today's obesity epidemic—which may be linked to a recent increase in deaths from heart disease, stroke, and diabetes—begin? a. in the 1950s b. in the early 2000s c. in the 1970s d. in the 1920s

c. in the 1970s (p 6 New Opportunities for Taking Charge)

An important aspect of the nine dimensions of wellness is that they are: a. unrelated to health. b. fully dependent on genetics. c. interrelated. d. indistinguishable.

c. interrelated (p 3 dimension of health)

Interpersonal wellness involves which of the following? a. living within your means b. achieving a high level of physical fitness c. participating in your community d. learning on a constant basis

c. participating in your community (p 3 Interpersonal Wellness)

In what year did the ACA become law? a. 2000 b. 2005 c. 2008 d. 2010

d. 2010 (p 6 Health Insurance Options)

Which of the following would be an example of how lifestyle factors make a genetic predisposition for a disease worse? a. a person with high stress who meditates b. a person with a heart condition who exercises c. a person prone to skin cancer who uses sunscreen d. a person born with asthma who smokes

d. a person born with asthma who smokes

When using behavior change to manage and improve your lifestyle, it is best to start with a single behavior that you want to change, known as: a. a hereditary target. b. a hereditary risk factor. c. an environmental factor. d. a target behavior.

d. a target behavior. (P 12 Choose a Target Behavior)

A target behavior is a behavior that a person: a. does not have but is trying to achieve. b. refuses to change. c. seeks to reinforce to establish as a habit. d. already exhibits and is trying to change.

d. already exhibits and is trying to change. (p 12 Choose a Target Behavior)

A lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy lifestyle habits and working to overcome unhealthy ones is known as ______ change. a. occupation b. heredity c. predisposition d. behavior

d. behavior (p 12 Reaching Wellness Through Lifestyle Management)

What are the leading causes of death for Americans today? a. diabetes and heart disease b. diabetes and stroke c. cancer and stroke d. heart disease and cancer

d. heart disease and cancer (p. 5 Leading Causes of Death in the United States, 2017 (table))

People can attain financial wellness by a. obtaining additional credit cards to spread out expenses. b. going into debt. c. ignoring their emotions about money. d. saving their money.

d. saving their money. (p. 4 Financial Wellness)

The level of happiness and fulfillment you gain through your professional work is known as ______ wellness. a. physical b. educational c. financial d. behavioral e. occupational

e. occupational (p 4-5 Occupational Wellness)