Lighting Test 1

What are the advantages of HMI lighting?

- Makes dealing with color temperature easier - Daylight balanced, output more than power input

When you are manipulating the lights, what are you changing? Define them.

. The volume - how much light there is, its intensity b. The pattern - where the light is falling c. The Quality - the type of light it is i.e. diffused, hard, etc.

If you wanted to use a 10" 2000w Fresnel, what would you ask for?

2k Fresnel

What is the most basic of all set-ups?

3-point lighting

What is a snoot?

Accessory for Fresnel - creates a confined narrow beam

What are barn doors?

Adjustable black metal doors mounted on the front of a light instrument.

What is an Ellipsoidal Spot?

Barrel Shaped; lekos, usually equipped with Ellipsoidal lens. - Produce hard specular light creating highly defined shadows

What is a practical?

Bigger and more powerful lights that are built to look like standard light bulbs. They are screwed into existing or regular household sockets like a lamp or ceiling fixture.

What is a lamp?

Bulb used in a lighting instrument.

What is "low-key" lighting?

Contrast lighting that is atmospheric

What is HMI lighting?

Daylight color temperature instruments. HMI - student filmmakers best friend

Describe the visual outcome on the subject of a key light.

Deep Nose shadow on the side of the face away from the light, rest of the face dark.

What is an ERS?

Ellipsoidal Reflecting Spotlight or Leko - Highly controllable light

What is "high-key" lighting?

Even, fairly flat lighting - non-judgemental lighting

What is a spill?

Excess light from an instrument.

According to the book, extensive use of artificial light is primarily with interiors. True or False

False

Fill light does not always have an identifiable source. True or False

False

If the light hits a uniformly smooth surface and reflective surface, it will diffuse. True or False

False

Light meters can only measure light. True or False -

False

The backlight is hardly ever above and behind the subject. True or False

False

The fill light is brighter than the key light. True or False

False

The key light does not necessarily show the direction of the light in a scene. True or False

False

Using a key and fill necessarily mean that one side of the face must result in shadow. True or False

False

Virtually everything to do with measurement and the transmission of light is based on Tripling and thirds. True or False

False

What is a Scoop?

Flood light that has a parabolic reflector and a single lamp

What are the 2 classifications of instruments?

Focusable spots and flood lights.

The crew member who assists the DP with lighting manipulation is referred to as a: _______________________________

Gaffer

What is specular light?

Harsh light - sharp. Direct light generally produced by focusable spotlights

Why are focusable lights called focusable?

Has ability to spot and flood

What is its advantage & disadvantage?

Helps create hard edges lighting effect like patterns and designs - difficult to use on foreground subjects.

Describe why it is essential to have a shaded side of the face (or object).

In order to give the illusion of depth.

What is diffused light?

Indirect light that has passed thru a medium or that has reflected off of a textured surface

Lights are called ______________________________ to distinguish light-producing equipment from the light itself.

Instruments

Describe what lighting spatial characteristics are.

Justification for a light that is hitting a subject from a certain direction - establishing sources of light

Lights are called ______________________________ to distinguish light-producing equipment from the light itself.

LED

The lack of backlight will often produce what kind of visual flaw?

Leave the hair shapeless

What is a fill light?

Light opposite the key that is generally softer and fills in the harshness of the shadows by the key

What is the Definition of incident light?

Light that falls on a subject.

What is a backlight?

Light that helps separate the subject from the background

A mastery of ________________ and ________________ are one of the most difficult things for students at all levels to achieve.

Lighting and exposure

What is the definition of Reflective light?

Lights that falls off a subject

How do you determine which light meter you are going to use?

Look at the situation you need to use it in, and also personal preference.

What is a key light?

Major source of illumination - a hard beam of light that casts shadows; main source in a shot

What is a Scrim? What is a ½ Scrim?

Metal ring you put in front of Fresnel to decrease the amount of light. ½ Scrim is metal mesh on ½ of the ring - used to decrease light as someone walks towards the light.

Why are newer PARs better than older PARs?

More efficient, storage is easier, brighter

What is a Fresnel lens?

Most Popular type of lensed lighting instrument; a lens that employs step like concentric rings of glass.

What are the issues with the TTL metering systems?

Only read reflective light - give a general light reading of a large area - not as useful to help set exposure.

Light is the filmmaker's brush and _____________________.

Palette

What is a Par?

Parabolic Aluminized Reflector with axially mounted lamp

Define the Spot Meter.

Reflective meter that measures light in a very narrow angle

Discuss why it is useful for beginners to completely understand basic lighting techniques before moving on to more advanced techniques.

So that you are comfortable with the utilitarian part of getting light on subject before you can be comfortable making changes. Won't be questioning if the film will turn out the way you want

What are the 2 types of light?

Specular and Diffused

How would you describe the difference between spill and falloff?

Spill is reflected light; fall off is decrease in intensity

How do we use foot-candles?

Standard way of measuring a volume of light

What is the primary way of manipulating your lights?

The initial choice of the instruments

What is falloff?

The spread with which light intensity decreases as it gets further from an instrument (drop in intensity)

Students cannot possibly duplicate the Hollywood model for lighting for what reasons:

Time, budget, equipment, and mastery of the art.

What can the computer on most light meters tell you?

Translate the FC reading into a f/stop

All light has a source. True or False

True

Backlight does not always have an identifiable source. True or False

True

Due to the many various lighting situations, filmmakers must know how to evaluate existing lighting conditions and be completely conversant in the use of artificial light. True or False

True

If the light hits a surface that is rough or absorbent, the light will be diffused. True or False

True

It is hard to use the lights to create the effects you want and apparently achieved easily in other films. True or False

True

Just as the painter starts with a blank canvas, a filmmaker starts with an unlit space. True or False

True

Many entry-level positions on a film set are related to the lighting crew. True or False

True

Obtaining natural exterior light can be a problem for filmmakers primarily due to the future unpredictability of environment and weather can change rapidly. True or False

True

Once you have set the key, you have established exposure value. True or False.

True

The Fill light controls/determines the dramatic quality of the scene. True or False

True

The Key/fill concept works because, just as in daily life, there has to be a source of light. True or False

True

The key light is usually the light that determines the scenes f/stop (exposure). True or False

True

Why is it difficult for students to duplicate Hollywood lighting?

We do not have an understanding of lighting setups, and schools do not have the proper recources. Limited financial resources

What is ambient light?

When a scene is lit from a reflected source.

What are 2 disadvantages?

a. Complicated b. Expensive to use

Name 2 kinds of Tungsten Lights.

a. ERS or Leko b. PAR

What are different kinds of reflectors?

a. Foam Core b. Bead Boards c. Shiny Boards

Name 2 kinds of HMIs

a. Fresnels b. PARS

What are four advantages of this new instrument:

a. Good Hard directional light b. Immensely efficient c.Produce Minimal Heat d. Color Temperature adjustment - easy to match sources

What are the two approaches to light measurement?

a. Incident Light b. Reflective Light

Name 3 accessories for the ERS.

a. Iris b. Top Hat c. Gobo

Name and Define 4 Different Sources of light.

a. LED - Light Emitting Diode b. HMI - Hydrargyrum Medium-arc Iodide c. Fluorescent - Units with Long diffuses lamps - light is very soft d. Tungsten - Lamp with a tungsten filament and glass envelope

What are the four ways that you can trim a light?

a. Move the light back b. Flood out the light c. Use modifying material in front of the light d. Change the wattage of the lamp

What are the two types of focusable spots? Describe their differences. Describe their advantages & disadvantages.

a. Open Faced - More difficult to control. Big hard fairly general beam of light, less expensive, lightweight b. Lensed - glass lens through which light passes - easier to manipulate, Eliminates multiple sources, heavier

What are the three (3) types of floodlights? Describe them please. Include their advantages & disadvantages.

a. Scoops - Big Instruments with Parabolic Reflectors, single bare lamp, produce big general light - difficult to control b. Broads - Long bare cylindrical lamp in shallow reflector. Creates diffused light - least controllable - small size c. Soft Lights - Long cylindrical lamp in shallow reflector but lamp is hidden - even, shadowless light

What is EI?

a. The exposure index- the rating of films sensitivity to light also known as ISO