Linux Final
When the fsck command cannot repair a non-root ( / ) filesystem, you should immediately restore all data from backup.
false
You can purchase object storage from a cloud provider to provide persistent filesystem-based storage. True or False?
false
Every if construct begins with if and must be terminated with?
fi
Which of the following commands can be used to recursively search through the directory tree in search of a file that meets a set of given criteria instead of using an indexed database?
find
A process spawning or initiating another process is referred to as _____.
forking
Which of the following Systemd commands can be used to stop a daemon called lala?
systemctl stop lala.service
Which command is used to delete a user account?
userdel username
The Linux kernel exists as a file named:
vmlinuz
Which of the following server roles does Apache perform?
web server
Which of the following operators reverses the meaning of a test statement?
!
Which filename extension indicates a tarball?
.tar
What is the name given to a process not associated with a terminal?
daemon process
What Systemd target corresponds to runlevel 5?
graphical.target
DHCP clients send a DHCPREQUEST packet when they require a new IP configuration.
true
What metacharacter indicates background command execution?
&
Select the regular expression metacharacter that matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character.
*
What option can be used with the ps command to display an entire list of processes across all
-e
Sandra needs to obtain the latest image of Fedora so that she can install it as a virtual machine on her Windows workstation. Which of the following file formats is Sandra likely to find available for download from Fedora's website in order to allow her to use the file as the source for booting and installing Linux as a VM?
.iso
A system administrator wants to allow most users to be able to run cron jobs, but wants to specifically prevent a couple of users from doing so. Which of the following files could the administrator edit to disallow these users from creating cron jobs?
/etc/cron.deny
Which file stores the Apache configuration in Fedora 28?
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Which directory stores most UNIX SysV rc scripts?
/etc/init.d
What is the name of the file that contains a listing of all users on the system and their home directories?
/etc/passwd
What is the name of the directory that contains symbolic links to UNIX SysV rc scripts for runlevel 2?
/etc/rc2.d
Which file contains information regarding the users, computers, and commands used by the sudo command?
/etc/sudoers
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard specifies what directory as the root user's home directory?
/root
Under the root directory in Linux, which directory contains system commands and utilities?
/usr
What directory under / contains the log files and spools for a Linux system?
/var
Most log files on the system are found in which directory?
/var/log
Which runlevel halts the system?
0
Which of the following represents stderr at the command line when used for redirection?
2
Jan needs to set permissions on a file so that the owner has read, write, and execute permissions. The group should have read permissions only, and everyone else should have no access. Which of the following parameters, when used with the chmod command, would set the permissions described?
740
What kill level signal cannot be trapped?
9
At the vi command mode prompt, what key combination will force a quit from the vi editor without saving changes?
:q!
What metacharacter can be used to issue two commands to be run in consecutive order, without piping or redirecting output?
;
Which of the following will take output from a command and append it to the end of a file?
>>
Which DNS resource record is an alias to other records?
CNAME
What service provides a method for the efficient transfer of files over the Internet?
FTP
You want to configure the runlevels that a particular upstart daemon is started in. What should you do?
Modify the daemon configuration file within the /etc/init directory
What would be the result of running the command chown :root file1.txt
This would set the group ownership of file1 to root.
A system administrator wants to schedule a task to run at 11 pm, but knows that she will not be in the office at that time. Which of the following commands can she use to schedule this task to run that night while she is at home?
at
What is the term used to describe a user providing a user name and password to log in to a system?
authentication
How do you indicate a comment line in a shell script?
begin line with #
Which of the following commands will send the output of the cat command to the grep command to be filtered?
cat /etc/passwd | grep jsmith
In order to move from the /home/joe/test/data to the /home/joe directory, what command should be issued?
cd . . / . .
In order to set all of the special permissions on a certain file or directory, which command should be used on a file named filename?
chmod 7777 filename
Which of these commands will set the following permissions on file1.txt? User = Read, Write, Execute Group = Read, Execute Others = Read
chmod u=rwx, g=rx, u=r file1.txt chmod 754 file1.txt
What command is used to view and modify user jobs scheduled to run with cron?
crontab
Which command can be used to create an image backup of a partition?
dd
Which of the following steps is not a common troubleshooting procedure?
delegate responsibility
What piece of software tells the operating system how to use a specific hardware device?
device driver
Which of the following commands will display the exit status of the last command used in the BASH shell?
echo $?
You have just created a variable named CREATOR. Which of the following commands will display the contents of the variable to standard output?
echo $CREATOR
After a shell is no longer needed, what command can be given to exit the shell?
exit
Before a user-defined variable can be used by processes that run in subshells, that variable must be __________.
exported
Along with a listing of user accounts, the /etc/passwd file contains information on account expiry.
false
Because stderr and stdout represent the results of a command and stdin represents the input required for a command, only stderr and stdout can be redirected to/from a file.
false
Network latency issues are often caused by SELinux or AppArmor restrictions.
false
The Debian Package Manager (DPM) is the default package manager used by Fedora 28.
false
The bzip2 and gzip utilities use similar compression algorithms.
false
To install a new program from RPM software repositories on the Internet, you can use the dnf update programname command.
false
To kill a process running in the background, you must place a % character before its process ID.
false
UIDs and GIDs are unique to the system and, once used, can never be reused.
false
What software type is distributed free of charge, but the source code is not available?
freeware
What argument can be used with the chmod command to add read permission and remove write permission for a group on a file?
g+r-w
Which of the following is the greatest expense for companies using Linux?
hiring people to maintain linux system
Which of the following constructs can be used in a shell script to determine whether two values are equal and if so run another set of commands?
if
Which command causes the system to enter Single User Mode?
init 1
Which process has a PID of 1 and a PPID of 0?
init/systemd
Which of the following commands will send a process's resources to /dev/null to kill the process for process ID 1357?
kill -9 1357
Which command can be used to modify the default locale on the system?
localectl
What is the name of the utility used to rotate log files?
logrotate
Wayne is using the command line and is in his home directory. Which of the following will display a list of all files and their sizes from his home directory? (Choose two.)
ls -al /home/wayne ls -al ~
Jamie has created a hard link to another file within the same directory. Which of the following commands can he use to verify that the hard link was created correctly? (Choose all that apply.)
ls -i ls -il
the apropos list command produces the same result as which command?
man -k list
Dustin runs a command at the command line trying to find out what kernel version the system is running. However, it doesn't give him the information he needs. He knows there is an option that can be used to display the kernel version. How can he find out which option to use?
man uname
When viewing the version number for a Linux kernel, what number indicates the stability of the kernel?
minor number
On which part of the maintenance cycle do Linux administrators spend the most time?
monitoring
Jim wants to rename a directory for a project that he has been working on. Which of the following commands can he use to perform that action?
mv projectx projecty
Which command can be used to temporarily alter the primary group associated with a given user?
newgrp
Which of the following commands can be used to scan the available ports on computers within your organization?
nmap
When using command-line terminal, specific letters that start with a dash ("-") and appear after command names are considered to be:
options
Every process has a process ID and a_______.
parent process ID
Which command entered without arguments is used to display a list of processes running in the current shell?
ps
What command is used to display the lineage of a process by tracing its PPIDs until the init daemon?
pstree
Mike has changed directory into one subdirectory after the next and has lost track of where he's at in the directory tree. Which of the following commands can he use to tell him the full path to the current subdirectory he is in?
pwd
What command can be issued to confirm which directory you are in at a command line prompt?
pwd
Which construct can be used in a shell script to read stdin and place it in a variable?
read
which of the following commands will delete a directory and all of the files within it?
rm -rf olddir
Which command could you use to see a list of all environment and user-defined shell variables as well as their current values?
set
After logging into a terminal, a user will receive an interface known as which option?
shell
Which of the following commands will display the contents of the /etc/passwd file in alphanumerical order?
sort /etc/passwd
If enough unique letters of a directory name have been typed, what key can be pressed to activate the BASH shell's completion feature?
tab
What command can be used to display the last five lines of a text file?
tail -5
Which command is used to gain real-time information about processes running on the system, with the most processor-intensive processes listed at the beginning of the list?
top
You can clear a log file simply by redirecting nothing into it.
true
Which Linux command can be utilized to display your current login name?
whoami
Which of the following commands can be used to update the last modified timestamp on a file, or if the file specified does not exist will create the file?
touch file.txt
/etc/profile is always executed immediately after any user logs in to a Linux system and receives a BASH shell.
true
A for construct is a loop construct that processes a specified list of objects. As a result, it is executed as long as there are remaining objects to process.
true
As daemon processes are not associated with terminals, you must use an option such as -e alongside the ps command to view them.
true
Most source code is typically available on the Internet in tarball format or as a git repository.
true
PaaS cloud providers host sandboxed Web apps using containers for scalability.
true
The -9 option to the gzip utility results in a higher compression ratio.
true
The lines within the Apache configuration file that modify the functionality of the Apache are called directives.
true
You can lock a user account by changing the default login shell to an invalid shell in /etc/passwd.
true
What two Linux distributions utilize the Debian package manager by default?
ubuntu and mint
Which of the following UFW commands can be used to view configured firewall rules?
ufw status
Jean installs a distribution of Linux on a workstation and attempts to run the locate command to find a certain file. Instead of returning the results she expected, an error message is displayed that it cannot find the mlocate.db file in its default location. Which of the following commands should Jean run in an attempt to resolve this problem?
updatedb
