LITERATURE FINAL (Not Vocab)
Klipspringer (Great Gatsby)
"rusty" pianist who seems to live at Gatsby's house and plays for him and Daisy, after Gatsby's death he disappears and doesn't show up at funeral but asks for tennis shoes back (at Gatsby's)
Curt Lemon (The Things they Carried)
A childish and careless member of the Alpha Company who is killed when he steps on a rigged mortar round. Though O'Brien does not particularly like Lemon, Lemon's death is something O'Brien continually contemplates with sadness and regret. The preventability of his death and the irrational fears of his life—as when a dentist visits the company—point to the immaturity of many young American soldiers in Vietnam.
Blue Jack (The Bluest Eye)
A co-worker and friend of Cholly's during his boyhood. He is a kind man and excellent storyteller.
What is a infinitive phrase? (Sentence Fragment)
Begins with an infinitive (to + verb)
What is a an afterthought? (Sentence fragment)
Begins with transitions
Carlos (There There)
Carlos is Charles's friend and is also involved in Octavio's plot to rob the powwow.
Charles (There There)
Charles is Calvin's brother, who sweeps him up in the plot to rob the powwow.
Samson Fuller (The Bluest Eye)
Cholly's father, who abandoned Cholly's mother when she got pregnant. He lives in Macon, Georgia, and is short, balding, and mean.
Mr. McTeer (The Bluest Eye)
Claudia's father, who works hard to keep the family fed and clothed. He is fiercely protective of his daughters.
Mrs. McTeer (The Bluest Eye)
Claudia's mother, an authoritarian and sometimes callous woman who nonetheless steadfastly loves and protects her children. She is given to fussing aloud and to singing the blues.
Frieda McTeer (The Bluest Eye)
Claudia's ten-year-old sister, who shares Claudia's independence and stubbornness. Because she is closer to adolescence, Frieda is more vulnerable to her community's equation of whiteness with beauty. Frieda is more knowledgeable about the adult world and sometimes braver than Claudia.
Nick Carraway (Great Gatsby)
Narrator, young, from Minnesota, educated at Yale, fought in WWI, now living in West Egg in NYC, thinks he is very honest, neighbor to Gatsby, cousin to Daisy, connects the two, everything told through his perspective
Rob (There There)
Rob is a white man interviewing for the same grant Dene interviews for. He is a minor character, appearing only in a brief conversation before Dene enters his interview with a panel of judges. However, he is significant in that he represents gentrification in Oakland. He tells Dene that he is moving to West Oakland because it is "dirt cheap." Mistaking Dene for non-Native, he also smugly reminds him that no one is really from Oakland. Finally, he tells Dene that Gertrude Stein once said "There is no there there" about her hometown of Oakland.
Jay Gatsby (Great Gatsby)
Title character/protagonist, very wealthy, party-man, lives in West Egg, mysterious (rumors), born in a farm in North Dakota but lies about it, officer in WWI, met Daisy in Louisville KY and fell in love, made fortune through criminal activity with Wolfsheim to gain wealth, dishonest, his illusion of Daisy leads to his downfall
Mrytle Wilson (Great Gatsby)
Tom's mistress, wife of George, lives in the Valley of Ashes, gets treated as an object by Tom, strong and active, wants out of George's life, poor
Tony Loneman (There There)
Tony's is the first voice to speak in the novel after the Prologue. He is a 21-one-year old man affected by fetal alcohol syndrome, or what he calls the Drome. He lives with an old woman, Maxine, whom he loves very much and takes care of after she breaks her hip. His mother is in jail and his father doesn't know he exists. He sells drugs for Octavio, who comes up with a plan to rob the Oakland Powwow. Tony's job is to wear his old Indian regalia and enter the Powwow with bullets.
Harvey (There There)
When Harvey was a teenager, his father brought him to the uprising on Alcatraz Island. There, he raped Jacquie. Later in life, he has a one-night stand with Karen and fathers Edwin. He also becomes an alcoholic, and then a leader of Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. At one of these meetings in Albuquerque, he meets Jacquie again and convinces her to come back with him for the Big Oakland Powwow. At the Powwow, he reunites with his son, Edwin, for the first time.
When do comma splices occur?
When IC, IC because independent clauses can stand on their own (The mouse ran, the cat chased)
When do sentence fragments occur?
When no main clause is inserted in a sentence
What is an appositive? (Sentence Fragment)
Word or group of words that renames a noun
What are the causes of run-on sentences?
a sentence has too many independent/dependent clauses
Loother Red Feather (There There)
Loother is one of the three Red Feather brothers, along with Orvil and Lony.
The Bluest Eye setting
Lorain, OH, 1941
George Wilson (Great Gatsby)
Mrytle's husband, "lifeless", poor and boring, Mrytle is his goddess, devastated with her affair and locks her up when she tries to leave, devastated when she dies, like Gatsby (dream/one-sided love)
What does FANBOYS stand for?
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Henry Washington (The Bluest Eye)
he MacTeers' boarder, who has a reputation for being a steady worker and a quiet man. Middle-aged, he has never married and has a lecherous side
Objective
serves as an object (of a verb or a preposition) (him, her, them, me, us
Subjective
serves as the subject in a sentence or clause (he, she, they, I, we)
Parenthetical citations
(Last Name #). In quotations only keep ! or ?
What are the solutions for sentence fragments?
1) Attach the fragment to the end or front of a main clause (verb + subject) 2) Add necessary words to make the fragment it's own main clause
What should you always do in essays?
1) Avoid 2nd person pronouns (you) 2) Use last name to refer to authors, but full name the first time they're mentioned 3) Use American spelling 4) No contractions 5) In almost any case, don't begin or end body paragraphs with a quotation
What are the solutions to comma splices?
1) Replace , with . (The mouse ran. The cat chased) 2) Replace , with ; (The mouse ran; the cat chased) 3) Add a coordinating conjunction after , (FANBOYS) (The mouse ran and the cat chased) 4) Add a subordinating conjunction to make one ID a DC (can't stand on own) (While the mouse ran, the cat chased)
What are the solutions to run-on sentences?
1) Split them up 2) create a compound predicate
When do you use apostrophes?
1) To indicate possession - add 's to singular words, s' to plural words (except irregular forms), no ' with possessive pronouns (its, yours) 2)Create contractions- don't do 1970's or '60s 3)Indicate plurals of lower-case letters -No ' to pluralize last names
Comma rules
1) use to separate IC when joined by a coordinating conjunction 2) use after introductory a) phrase b) clause or c) words that come before the main clause 3) use in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, or words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence 4) do not use to set off essential elements of the sentence, such as clauses beginning with "that" 5) use to separate 3+ words, phrases, or clauses within a series 6) use to separate 2+ coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun (never use between final adjective and the noun itself) 7) use near the end of a sentence to separate contrasted coordinate elements or to indicate a distinct pause or shift 8) use to set off a free modifier (can be placed anywhere in the sentence without causing confusion) at the end of a sentence 9) use to set off all geographical ways, items and dates (except month and day), addresses (except street number and names), and titles after names 10) use to shift to a question (in dialogue) 11) use whenever necessary to avoid confusion/misreading 12) do not use to separate subject from verb 13) do not use between two verbs or verb phrases in a compound predicate 14) do not use between two nouns/phrases/clauses in a compound subject or object 15) do not use after a main clause before a dependent (except in cases of extreme contrast)
Maureen Peal (The Bluest Eye)
A light-skinned, wealthy black girl who is new at the local school. She accepts everyone else's assumption that she is superior and is capable of both generosity and cruelty.
Norman Bowker (The Things they Carried)
A man who embodies the damage that the war can do to a soldier long after the war is over. During the war, Bowker is quiet and unassuming, and Kiowa's death has a profound effect on him. Bowker's letter to O'Brien in "Notes" demonstrates the importance of sharing stories in the healing process.
Mark Fossie (The Things they Carried)
A medic in Rat Kiley's previous assignment. Fossie loses his innocence in the realization that his girlfriend, Mary Anne, would rather be out on ambush with Green Berets than planning her postwar wedding to Fossie in Cleveland.
Geraldine (The Bluest Eye)
A middle-class black woman who, though she keeps house flawlessly and diligently cares for the physical appearances of herself and her family (including her husband, Louis, and her son, Junior), is essentially cold. She feels real affection only for her cat.
Dave Jensen (The Things they Carried)
A minor character whose guilt over his injury of Lee Strunk causes him to break his own nose. Jensen's relief after Strunk's death is an illustration of the perspective soldiers are forced to assume. Instead of mourning the loss of his friend, Jensen is glad to know that the pact the two made—and that he broke—has now become obsolete.
M'Dear (The Bluest Eye)
A quiet, elderly woman who serves as a doctor in the community where Cholly grows up. She is tall and impressive, and she carries a hickory stick.
Azar (The Things they Carried)
A soldier in the Alpha Company and one of the few unsympathetic characters in the work. Every time Azar appears, he is mean-spirited and cruel, torturing Vietnamese civilians and poking fun both at the corpses of the enemy and the deaths of his own fellow soldiers. His humanity is finally demonstrated near the end of the work, when he is forced to help unearth Kiowa's body from the muck of the sewage field. This moment of remorse proves that a breaking point is possible even for soldiers who use cruelty as a defense mechanism.
Rosemary Villanucci (The Bluest Eye)
A white, comparatively wealthy girl who lives next door to the MacTeers. She makes fun of Claudia and Frieda and tries to get them into trouble, and they sometimes beat her up.
Ted Lavender (The Things they Carried)
A young, scared soldier in the Alpha Company. Lavender is the first to die in the work. He makes only a brief appearance in the narrative, popping tranquilizers to calm himself while the company is outside Than Khe. Because his death, like Lemon's, is preventable, it illustrates the expendability of human life in a senseless war
Lee Strunk (The Things they Carried)
Another soldier in the platoon and a minor character. A struggle with Dave Jensen over a jackknife results in Strunk's broken nose. In begging Jensen to forget their pact—that if either man is gravely injured, the other will kill him swiftly—after he is injured, he illustrates how the fantasy of war differs from its reality.
Bill Davis (There There)
Bill is dating Karen, Edwin's mom. Bill thinks Edwin needs to grow up and stop relying on his mother; Edwin wishes Bill weren't around so much. Bill works at the coliseum for Oakland Athletics and enjoys sports. He fought in Vietnam and came back a drug addict, later serving time in prison.
Blue (There There)
Blue works on the Big Oakland Powwow planning committee.
Soaphead Church (The Bluest Eye)
Born Elihue Micah Whitcomb, he is a light-skinned West Indian misanthrope and self-declared "Reader, Adviser, and Interpreter of Dreams." He hates all kinds of human touch, with the exception of the bodies of young girls. He is a religious hypocrite.
Calvin Johnson (There There)
Calvin is a young Native man who owes Octavio money after it was stolen from him in the parking lot on the way to a powwow. He made a joke about stealing the prize money from the Big Oakland Powwow, which Octavio took seriously. In order to pay off his debt to Octavio, Calvin is forced to use a gun and participate in the plot to rob the powwow.
Jordan Baker (Great Gatsby)
Daisy's golfer friend, kinda Nick's partner? but engaged by the end of the book, self-centered and "boyish", pretty, dishonest, cheated to win first golf tournament, bends truth
Dene Oxendene (There There)
Dene is a primary character in the novel. He narrates several chapters, beginning with his application for grant funding for a film project inherited from his uncle, Lucas. The film, a project about Native life and experience in Oakland, takes Dene on a storytelling journey throughout the novel, meeting other characters as he interviews them for the film. He attends the Big Oakland Powwow for his film project, setting up a storytelling booth.
Lucas (There There)
Dene's uncle, Lucas, dies of alcohol poisoning when Dene is thirteen years old. Before he dies, he passes on his movie project to Dene: recording the voices and stories of Native life in Oakland.
Owl Eyes (Great Gatsby)
Drunken man found in Gatsby's library during a party, astonished books are real, one of the few that shows up at Gatsby's funeral
Edwin Black (There There)
Edwin is a thirty-year-old man suffering from obesity and constipation. He got his Master's in Native American Literature and once wanted to be a writer. Since graduating, however, he has failed to find employment and lives at home with his mother. His mother is white and has not raised him in contact with his Native father, so prior to contacting him on Facebook, Edwin has no specific knowledge of his Native identity. Edwin begins a job at the Indian Center, where he meets Blue, on whom he has a crush. Edwin and Blue are in charge of safeguarding the prize money at the Powwow and thus are targeted by the plotters.
Meyer Wolfsheim (Great Gatsby)
Gatsby's friend, associated with crime, helped Gatsby acquire wealth by bootlegging liquor, still friends with Gatsby which promotes the idea that Gatsby is still in illegal business, jewish, doesn't show up to funeral due to secrecy, wears teeth
Junior (The Bluest Eye)
Geraldine's son, who, in the absence of genuine affection from his mother, becomes cruel and sadistic. He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the nearby playground.
Jacquie Red Feather (There There)
Jacquie is Opal's half-sister. As a young teenager on Alcatraz, Jacquie was raped by another Native teenager named Harvey and became pregnant. As an adult, Jacquie struggles with alcoholism but works a steady job as a substance abuse counselor. Her second daughter, Jamie, committed suicide and left behind three young boys. For most of their life, Jacquie has been unable to have a relationship with them, so her stepsister, Opal, takes care of them. Jacquie comes back to Oakland and attends the Powwow to meet her three grandsons.
Jamie Red Feather (There There)
Jacquie's second daughter, Jamie is a heroin addict in her twenties; she commits suicide while her boys are still young.
Loney Red Feather (There There)
Lony is one of the three Red Feather brothers, along with Orvil and Loother.
Karen (There There)
Karen is Edwin's mom. She is white and has raised Edwin without a Native community.
Manny (There There)
Manny is one of Octavio's cousins. He injures his father in a fight after witnessing his abuse of his mother. After that, his father is kicked out of the home. Manny dies from a bullet wound over a drug theft in their front yard.
Mary Anne Bell (The Things they Carried)
Mark Fossie's high school sweetheart. Although Mary Anne arrives in Vietnam full of innocence, she gains a respect for death and the darkness of the jungle and, according to legend, disappears there. Unlike Martha and Henry Dobbins's girlfriend, who only serve as fantasy reminders of a world removed from Vietnam, Mary Anne is a strong and realized character who shatters Fossie's fantasy of finding comfort in his docile girlfriend.
Maxine (There There)
Maxine is Tony's guardian. She provides emotional support to him and asks him to read Louise Erdrich to her. She is old now and has a broken hip, so Tony has to help take care of her, too.
Daisy Buchanan (Great Gatsby)
Met (poor) Gatsby 4 years from present, married Tom after waiting a year for Gatsby, yearns to be loved, lives in East Egg, covers up her pain from her husband's unfaithfulness, super rich, very pretty
The Great Gatsby setting
New York in the early 1920's, West Egg (new money), East Egg (old money), the city, the valley of ashes (poor)
Norma (There There)
Norma, Dene's mother, is a secondary character in the novel. She disapproves of her brother Lucas's drinking and career as an unsuccessful filmmaker. She is deeply sad when he dies.
Kiowa (The Things they Carried)
O'Brien's closest friend and a model of quiet, rational morality amid the atrocities of war. Kiowa's death, when the company mistakenly camps in a sewage field, is the focal point of three stories. Since it is a prime example of arbitrary, unforgiving cruelty in war, Kiowa's death is given more prominence than his life.
Kathleen (The Things they Carried)
O'Brien's daughter and a symbol of the naïve outsider. Although O'Brien alludes to having multiple children, Kathleen is the only one we meet. Her youth and innocence force O'Brien to try to explain the meaning of the war. Frustrated that he cannot tell her the whole truth, he is inspired by her presence since it forces him to gain new perspective on his war experience.
Linda (The Things they Carried)
O'Brien's first love, whose death of a brain tumor in the fifth grade is O'Brien's first experience with mortality. From his experience with Linda, O'Brien learns the power that storytelling has to keep memory alive.
There There Setting
Oakland, CA
What is a lonely verb? (Sentence Fragment)
Occurs when a verb phrase is without a subject
Octavio (There There)
Octavio is a secondary character but the mastermind behind the plan to rob the Big Oakland Powwow. He runs a drug ring in Oakland that Tony and Calvin have both been involved in. He is a large, threatening-looking character, who is volatile and often threatens violence. At the same time, he has an emotional side, confessing to and even hugging several characters after getting drunk.
Mitchell Sanders (The Things they Carried)
One of the most likable soldiers in the war. Sanders strongly influences the narrator, O'Brien. He is kind and devoted, and he has a strong sense of justice. Because of these qualities, he is a type of father figure. Though his ideas of storytelling may or may not agree with O'Brien's in the end, his ability to tell stories and to discuss their nuances makes a profound impression on O'Brien.
Opal Viola Victoria Bear Shield (There There)
Opal and her half-sister Jacquie were raised by their mom in Oakland. In the 1970s, their mom brought them to join the Native uprising at the island of Alcatraz. The movement did not succeed; the three left the island and moved in with a relative in Oakland. Opal's mom refused to seek help from Western medicine for her cancer, and not too long after they moved back to Oakland, she died. As an adult, Opal raises her three grand-nephews in Oakland.
Orvil Red Feather (There There)
Orvil is Jacquie's grandson and Opal's great-niece. He loves to dance in regalia to the Powwow drums, where he feels like he belongs. He pulls spider legs out of his leg, a mystery that puzzles and disturbs his family. He attends the Big Oakland Powwow in full regalia to dance.
Cholly Breedlove (The Bluest Eye)
Pecola's father, who is impulsive and violent—free, but in a dangerous way. Having suffered early humiliations, he takes out his frustration on the women in his life. He is capable of both tenderness and rage, but as the story unfolds, rage increasingly dominates.
Sammy Breedlove (The Bluest Eye)
Pecola's fourteen-year-old brother, who copes with his family's problems by running away from home. His active response contrasts with Pecola's passivity.
Pauline (Polly) Breedlove (The Bluest Eye)
Pecola's mother, who believes that she is ugly; this belief has made her lonely and cold. She has a deformed foot and sees herself as the martyr of a terrible marriage. She finds meaning not in her own family but in romantic movies and in her work caring for a well-to-do white family.
The Things they Carried Setting
The Vietnam War
Darlene (The Bluest Eye)
The first girl that Cholly likes. She is pretty, playful and affectionate.
Jimmy Cross (The Things they Carried)
The lieutenant of the Alpha Company, who is responsible for the entire group of men. Cross is well intentioned but unsure of how to lead his men. He is wracked with guilt because he believes that his preoccupation with his unrequited love for a girl named Martha and his tendency to follow orders despite his better judgment caused the deaths of Ted Lavender and Kiowa, two members of Alpha Company.
Mr. Yacobowski (The Bluest Eye)
The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. He has a gruff manner toward little black girls.
China, Poland, Miss Marie (The Bluest Eye)
The local whores, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. They live above the Breedlove apartment and befriend Pecola.
Bobby Jorgenson (The Things they Carried)
The medic who replaces Rat Kiley. The second time O'Brien is shot, Jorgenson's incompetence inspires O'Brien's desire for irrational revenge. Although Jorgenson's anger prompts him to kick O'Brien in the head for trying to scare him, he later apologizes, redeeming himself as a medic by patching things up with O'Brien.
Tim O'Brien (The Things they Carried)
The narrator and protagonist of the collection of stories. O'Brien is a pacifist who rationalizes his participation in Vietnam by concluding that his feelings of obligation toward his family and country are stronger influences than his own politics. When the war is over, he uses his ability to tell stories to deal with his guilt and confusion over the atrocities he witnessed in Vietnam, including the death of several of his fellow soldiers and of a Viet Cong soldier by his own hand.
Claudia McTeer (The Bluest Eye)
The narrator of parts of the novel. An independent and strong-minded nine-year-old, Claudia is a fighter and rebels against adults' tyranny over children and against the black community's idealization of white beauty standards. She has not yet learned the self-hatred that plagues her peers.
Henry Dobbins (The Things they Carried)
The platoon's machine gunner and resident gentle giant. Dobbins's profound decency, despite his simplicity, contrasts with his bearish frame. He is a perfect example of the incongruities in Vietnam.
Bob "Rat" Kiley (The Things they Carried)
The platoon's medic. Kiley previously served in the mountains of Chu Lai, the setting of "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong." O'Brien has great respect for Kiley's medical prowess, especially when he is shot for a second time and is subjected to the mistreatment of another medic, Bobby Jorgenson. Though levelheaded and kind, Kiley eventually succumbs to the stresses of the war and his role in it—he purposely blows off his toe so that he is forced to leave his post.
Elroy Berdahl (The Things they Carried)
The proprietor of the Tip Top Lodge on the Rainy River near the Canadian border. Berdahl serves as the closest thing to a father figure for O'Brien, who, after receiving his draft notice, spends six contemplative days with the quiet, kind Berdahl while he makes a decision about whether to go to war or to escape the draft by running across the border to Canada.
Pecola Breedlove (The Bluest Eye)
The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. Sensitive and delicate, she passively suffers the abuse of her mother, father, and classmates. She is lonely and imaginative.
What do you do if you've taken out or added to a quotation?
Use ... for taking stuff out and [ ] for adding your own words in
Tom Buchanan (The Great Gatsby)
Very strong, intimidating, wealthy man who lives in East Egg with Daisy, once in a club at Yale with Nick, racist and sexist, hypocritical, has a mistress named Mrytle
What is a subordinate clause? (Sentence Fragment)
a group of words with a subject and a verb that cannot stand alone as a sentence. Can be fixed by removing the subordinate conjunction and adding a conjunctive adverb
What is a participle phrase? (Sentence Fragment)
begins with an ing/ed word
What's the correct title format for all texts?
book--> italics articles/essay/speech/chapter--> " "
Aunt Jimmy (The Bluest Eye)
he elderly woman who raises Cholly. She is affectionate but physically in decay.
Topic sentence
mini thesis for each paragraph that connects to the text
That vs. who
that is for things while who is for people
Oxford comma
the comma that goes before "and" in a list of three or more things
Who vs. whom
who is subjective while whom is objective
