living world religions exam 3

what year is 2024 on the Baha'i calendar

- 181 B.E. - 1844 = year 0 when the Bab made his declaration

who are the 2 founders of the Baha'i faith

- Ali Muhammad - Mirza Husein Ali

what are the 3 jewels of Buddhism

- Buddha - Dhamma - Sangha

Vajrayana / tibetan buddhism

- Diamond vehicle - blended form with Bon (tibetan religion) - hints of animism - lama = superior

Nichiren Buddhism

- Lotus sutra is focus - show your devotion to the lotus sutra by chanting the phrase "nam myoho renge kyo" in front of a gohonzon - self-talking when you chant

major Buddhist sects

- Pure Land - Nichiren - Zen

what are the possible names of the founder of Buddhism?

- Siddhartha - the Buddha (awakened one) - Sayakamuni - Tathagata (the one who went like this)

what does SGI stand for and mean?

- Soka Gakkai International - Values Creation Society

buddhist scriptures

- Tripitaka (3 baskets) - Lotus Sutra - Kanjur - Tanjur

other names for God

- according to Sikhs - sat nam = true name - ekankar = one-om-Lord - waheguru = wondrous Lord

what is the sacred text of Jains

- agamas (tradition) - siddhanta (doctrine) - same thing

Mahayana buddhism

- big raft - claimed to be the Buddhism for everybody, not just for monks - emphasized bodhisattvas

what is the birth story of Siddhartha?

- born in Nepal in the Kshatriya caste (warrior) - mother Maya died 7 days after his birth - son of a king, raised in India - prophet told his father that he would either be a wandering ascetic or a king, so his dad sheltered him

what are the four sights?

- decrepit old man - sick person - funeral procession - monk begging for food - what Buddhists believe Siddhartha saw on his first outing

zen Buddhism

- founded by Bodhidharma - emphasized enlightenment without words - no scriptures, but have koans (verbal puzzles) - sound of one hand clapping

Pure land Buddhism

- founded by Honen (Japanese) - Amida Buddha - if you trust Amida Buddha, you say the nembutsu (namu amida butsu) 10 times, you will be taken to pure land where you will achieve enlightenment

what do Jains believe about Nirvana

- it is nothingness but rather a place at the top of the universe where Mahavira dwells and where you remain motionless, omniscient, and blissful

what is the distinction between jiva and ajiva

- jiva means life - ajiva means non-life

what did the four sights prompt Tathagata to do?

- leave home at age 29 in search of solution for suffering - lead life of extreme asceticism for 7 years, culminating with hunger strike

what does Nirvana mean

- literally "blown out" - according to Buddhists, not Jains

who is a Tirthankara and what does that word mean

- means ford finders - they found their way across the divide; Mahavira was one of 24 enlightened ones who teach others how to cross over into Nirvana

what is the Japji prayer

- prayer nanak created when he came out of the water - also called the mul mantar "root mantra"

when Sikhs say "remember 1984" what are they referring to?

- rebellion where Sikhs were trying to establish independent state called Khalistan - the uprising was put down with great violence by Indira Gandhi who was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards

what was the sant movement

- reform movement already in place that Nanak joined - people working to reform Islam and bring together Hindus and Muslims

what do the 3 dots on the Jain symbol represent

- right faith - right knowledge - right conduct

digambaras

- sky clad, only clothed in sky - Jain group - believe they should wear nothing

3 major branches of Buddhism

- theravada - mahayana - vajrayana / tibetan

Theravada buddhism

- way of the elders, orthodox - called Hinayana by critics (meaning little raft) because they say that, since this version is just for monks, what is in it for the rest of us? our job is to help the monks and maybe we will be reborn as a monk

svetambaras

- white clad - wear white robes - Jain group - women can be nuns and achieve enlightenment

how many past lives did Sakyamuni have

550

how old was the Buddha when he entered paranirvana?

80

what is the sacred number in the Baha'i faith

9

which Baha'i founder is called the Bab

Ali Muhammad

which religion is pursuing something they call the most great peace

Baha'i

which religious group is organized by having 9 elected members from around the world who meet in the universal house of justice

Baha'i

whose gathering is called the 19 day feast?

Baha'i

in which religion do they have a universal house of justice / world headquarters?

Baha'i faith

who believes that nine different figure were manifestations of God

Baha'i faith

who claimed to be the only rightful interpreter of all religious books on earth

Baha'ullah

what is the international headquarters for the Sikhs

Golden Temple in Amritsar aka Harimandir (the abode of God)

where do Sikhs worship

Gurdwaras

what does the word gurdwara mean

Guru's door

difference between Brahman-Atman in Hinduism and anatman in Buddhism

Hindus definition of reality is wrapped up in Brahman-Atman but Buddhists claim a sense of non-reality, non-self called Anatman

what is the source of division between pure land buddhist and true pure land buddhists

Honen's disciple, Shinran, who claimed that you only have to say "I trust in Amida Butsu" one time to be saved

in which religion is the first of the heroes said to have been 70 trillion years old and 3,000 feet tall

Jainism

in which religion is there a huge distinction jiva and ajiva

Jainism

in which religion would you find worshipers washing images

Jainism

in which religion is karma a physical substance

Jainism - no good or bad karma

which group of religious adherents call themselves followers of the conqueror

Jains

what is the name of the most important book for Baha'i adherents

Kitab-i-Aqdas

in which religion did the founder cover his face with a mask, sweep away the path in front of him so he wouldn't kill anything?

Mahavira

who is considered by comparative religion scholars to be the founder of Jainism

Mahavira

who found enlightenment after 13 years of extreme asceticism at the age of 42

Mahavira - starved himself to death and died by the age of 72

what is the name by which Nataputta Vardhamana is known

Mahavira (means great man)

how is the end of life story of Mahavira different from the end of life story of Siddhartha

Mahavira starved himself

what is the name of the tempter figure in Buddhism who tempted Siddhartha to draw him back into the world of desire

Mara

which Baha'i founder is called the Baha'ullah

Mirza Husein Ali

who was the founder of Sikhism?

Nanak

which sect of Buddhism is propagated by SGI

Nichiren

which group of adherents revere Sri Guru Granth Sahib

Sikhs

which group of adherents wave a fly whisk over their sacred text, put it to bed at night, and thank it for teaching them all day?

Sikhs

which group of religious adherents begin each day by reciting the Japji prayer

Sikhs

what is the name of the book revered by Sikhs

Sri Guru Granth Sahib aka the Adi Granth (first book)

in which branch of Buddhism do they expect that their leader will be reborn no later than 49 days after the death of the previous one?

Tibetan / Vajrayana

who are most likely to use mandalas in their worship

Tibetan / Vajrayana

for which Buddhist branch are the Kanjur and Tanjur important books?

Vajrayana / Tibetan

what is the most important vow

ahimsa - nonviolence

the spirit of the guru nanak is said to live in what

all 9 of his successors, so 10 different gurus

what is the langar

both a potluck and the room where you have the potluck

what are the divisions within Jainism

digambaras and svetambaras

what is the yidam

focal point - in Buddhism

what is Vipassana meditation

focuses on the breath

what does the word Jain mean

followers of the conqueror

why do followers of the Bab call themselves the Babi

followers of the gate

why do Baha'i call themselves Baha'i / what does Baha'i mean?

followers of the glory of God

what does the word "Bab" mean

gate

what does the name Baha'ullah mean

glory of God

what does the word Singh mean

lion - what sikhs call males

what do members of the Baha'i faith call the one day that is coming when, for all united, we will achieve this?

most great peace

what does Kitab-i-Aqdas mean

most holy book

who had the dramatic experience when he was submerged himself in a river and came out 3 days later saying, "there is no Muslim and there is no Hindu"

nanak

who is famous for the line, "there is no Muslim and there is no Hindu"?

nanak

where is the universal house of justice

on mount carmel in Haifa, Israel

what does the word kaur mean

princess - what sikhs call females

what does the word khalsa mean

pure

which adherents wear the 5 K's as symbols of their devotion

sikhs

what do Sikhs believe happen to you when you die

the faithful merge with the pure light of God

what is the main act of worship for Jains

to bathe the image of the Tirthankaras

what do Sikhs believe is their primary duty

to remember God - by saying his name, living a virtuous life, working hard, loving your family, and serving others