LPS chapter 13

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of police force?

A majority of American citizens' interactions with police involve the use of force

The Use of Force Continuum can be defined as _____.

A range of varying force choices that officers use to guide appropriate use of force

X is an official document that is obtained from a judge that authorizes the arrest of a suspect. X is normally an added assurance for the enforcement officer. Identify document X.

An arrest warrant

Which of the following would be most likely to be considered an excessive use of force by a police officer?

An officer uses a CED on an individual who refuses to show their identification

When is a suspect informed of the charges against him or her?

At his or her first appearance in front of a judge

Why might an officer invoke the public safety exception?

Because they want to question a suspect about an imminent threat before reading Miranda warnings.

Which term specifically refers to police practices that intentionally use prejudicial judgments based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, economic status, religious beliefs, or age?

Bias-based policing

What do we call the code of silence among police officers that discourages an officer from reporting the misconduct of another officer?

Blue wall

A driver is pulled over for speeding. When the officer walks up to the driver's side window, the driver passes the officer a hundred-dollar bill. What is this an example of?

Bribery

Which term means that the police treat people differently, though not necessarily good or bad, because of membership in a particular class?

Disparate police practices

How does extortion differ from bribery?

Extortion always involves a threat.

The defendant in a court case confesses to a crime during police interrogations. This individual was not read his rights before his taped confession. Since the confession contains self-incriminating information, it is not admissible in court. Which amendment is protecting this defendant?

Fifth Amendment

Which term or phrase describes the police functioning within their legal authority, in accordance with established police practices, and in a fair way that is consistent with what the community expects?

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An arrest occurs when the suspect being detained reasonably believes that he or she _____.

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Why is community policing beneficial to the communities in which it occurs?

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How do the various styles of policing differ?

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Choose the situation where an arrest CANNOT occur.

If an officer has a hunch that a suspect has committed a crime

What provides the basis for the creation of Legal Restraints, and why were these limits created?

Legal Restraints come from the Bill of Rights and are designed to protect the freedom of individuals and prevent abuses of power.

Which police department structure uses a chain of command structure, but also adds internal support roles?

Line and staff organization

In which police department structure are officers assigned a particular role within a specialized unit?

Matrix organization

Which style of policing assigns a limited number of subordinates to each supervisor, in which the department uses a fixed hierarchy with a centralized command?

Military management

A police officer pulls over a car and has a reasonable suspicion that there are drugs in the car. Can the officer search the car? Why or why not?

No, because probable cause is required for a search, and reasonable suspicion is a lower standard.

Which of the following represents the least amount of force, and the preferred method to resolve a situation?

Officer presence

What do we call the general misuse of police authority for personal gain?

Police corruption

Which term or phrase means that there is a system of moral values that are generally accepted as professional standards in policing?

Police ethics

Why might the qualified immunity defense be invoked?

Police have been accused of a civil rights violation.

Why might official immunity be invoked?

Police have been accused of a tort

_____ refers to the administrative activities of coordinating, controlling, and directing police resources, activities, and personnel.

Police management

Which term or phrase refers to the conduct and qualities that characterize the profession of policing?

Professionalism in policing

Which term specifically refers to police practices that disproportionately target racial minorities for investigation and enforcement?

Racial profiling

The federal law that allows lawsuits against the police for civil rights violations is _____

Section 1983

Which method of policing places an emphasis on serving the public and helping the community?

Service

Which unit in a police department collects, evaluates, analyzes, and disseminates intelligence about local criminal activity?

The intelligence function

Why is it challenging to legally determine the use of excessive force by police?

The language of the legal test for excessive force is highly subjective

Ernie was the victim of a robbery. The police recovered Ernie's property, but wouldn't release it to him until after the trial of the robber. After the trial, Ernie asked for his property. However, he was then informed that the police couldn't find his property. Ernie then sued the police for mishandling the evidence. In Ernie's lawsuit, Ernie is:

The plaintiff

How does the burden of proof differ in a civil lawsuit versus a criminal prosecution?

The standard for proof is much higher in criminal prosecutions.

What do we call a collection of a police department's methods, routines, and processes?

Their policing style

Why must a police officer issue a Miranda Warning when a person is arrested or questioned as a suspect in a crime?

This measure stems from a Supreme Court ruling requiring police to inform a suspect of his or her Fifth Amendment rights and the choice to waive these rights.

Which method of policing places an emphasis on maintaining order, but through informal channels?

Watchman

Chelsea was asked to come to the police station and answer some questions. To begin, the officer asked her name and questions about where she lives and works. Then, the officer asked her where she was at 2:00pm the previous afternoon. Chelsea decided that she did not want to answer any more questions until she got more information and consulted an attorney. Was she within her rights? Why?

Yes, Chelsea could decide not to answer any questions she felt could incriminate her because of the rights provided by the Fifth Amendment.

police officer knocks on Tim's door and demands to be let in, without a warrant or any clear reason. Is Tim justified in not letting the officer enter his home?

Yes, he is exercising his Fourth Amendment rights that protect him against unreasonable searches, the officer has not stated a reason for obtaining entry into his home

After holding a suspect for five hours for questioning, a few of the police officers in the station have decided to intimidate the suspect to get information and evidence out of him. They tell the suspect that ''If you do not cooperate your wife will be charged with crimes too.'' Which technique are the police officers using?

coercion

If a suspect is _____, that means they're at the police department or are otherwise deprived of their freedom in a significant way.

in police custody

Why is policing a profession?

it requires both specialized knowledge and particular academic training

Which method of policing places an emphasis on violations of law, and relies on threats of arrest or actual arrests?

legalistic

Excessive force is defined as _____.

more force than is necessary to make the arrest

Which term or phrase means that the police have freedom to decide what should be done in any particular policing situation?

police discretion

Which view argues that most police corruption stems from just a few dishonest or unethical officers?

rotten apple theory

Which term refers to an officer temporarily detaining a person for questioning and patting down their outer clothing without concrete evidence of criminal activity?

stop and frisk

What legal restraint keeps evidence that was gathered illegally by the police from being used against a person in a criminal trial?

the Exclusionary Rule