Ls 34A Bio

Of the following challenges faced by vertebrates moving from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, which one was the most important?

Preventing the body from drying out

Which of the following are major groups of bony fish?

Sarcopterygii Actinopterygii

Which of the characteristics below are typical of lancelet habitat?

Shallow water Marine habitat Buried in substrate

Identify the type of blood circulation that is found in fish.

Single-loop

Which of the following adaptations were particularly important in the success of the bony fishes?

The gill cover The swim bladder

Which describes sharks' teeth?

The teeth are not firmly anchored and are easily lost. The teeth have evolved from rough scales on the skin.

Which of the following is true of both of the nonvertebrate chordates Urochordata and Cephalochordata?

They have a notochord.

Which of the following accurately describe why amphibians are tied to water for reproduction?

To prevent eggs from drying out

--- have chordate larval forms, which metamorphose into sessile, filter-feeding adults that bear little resemblance to other chordates

Tunicates

--- have chordate larval forms, which metamorphose into sessile, filter-feeding adults that bear little resemblance to other chordates.

Tunicates

In some chordates, the notochord is replaced during embryonic development by --- --- the .

Vertebral column

The notochord in the --- --- human embryo is replaced by the .

Vertebral column

In echinoderms, the hydraulic system that aids in movement and feeding is called which of the following?

Water-vascular system

At the base of each tube foot in most echinoderms there is a muscular sac called the --- .

ampulla

In echinoderms, the larvae are --- symmetrical, and the adults are --- symmetrical.

bilaterally pentaradial

Two important adaptations that enabled the remarkable success of the bony fishes are the swim --- and the --- cover.

bladder gill

Members of the phylum --- are characterized by a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a postanal tail.

chordata

The postanal tail in human embryos regresses forming the tailbone which is also known as the --- .

coccyx

There are more species of --- than all other vertebrates combined.

fish

The --- --- --- consists of a series of organs that project into a canal beneath the surface of a bony fish's skin.

lateral line system

Water enters the water-vascular system of echinoderms through a , --- a sieve-like plate.

madreporite

Water enters the water-vascular system of echinoderms through a --- , a sieve-like plate.

madreporite

A hypothetical version of the earliest vertebrates likely looked like a flattened hot dog, with a --- at one end and a --- at the other.

mouth fin

The nervous system of echinoderms consists of a central --- --- with branches radiating from it.

nerve ring

The nervous system of echinoderms consists of a central with branches radiating from it.

nerve ring

In some chordates, the --- is replaced during embryonic development by the vertebral column.

notochord

The two major groups of bony fish are the --- -finned fishes and the ---- finned fishes.

ray lobe

Amphibians have successfully invaded the land; however, most are tied to water for --- .

reproduction

Shark teeth have evolved from rough --- on the skin of a shark.

scales

The --- of Chondrichthyans is made of cartilage, as opposed to bone

skeleton

The --- of Chondrichthyans is made of cartilage, as opposed to bone.

skeleton

Bony fish have a bony --- and a skin covered in plates or --- .

skeleton scales

In some chordates, the notochord is replaced during embryonic development by the --- --- .

vertebral column

In some chordates, the notochord is replaced during embryonic development by the --- ---.

vertebral column

In some chordates, the notochord is replaced during embryonic development by the .

vertebral column

Nonvertebrate chordates do not form --- or other bones.

vertevrae

In echinoderms, a hydraulic system called --- the -vascular system aids in movement and feeding.

water

In echinoderms, a hydraulic system called the --- -vascular system aids in movement and feeding.

water

In echinoderms, a hydraulic system called the ---vascular system aids in movement and feeding.

water

Which of the following are found in vertebrates, but not tunicates or lancelets?

A distinct head Vertebrae Neural crest cells

--- were the first terrestrial vertebrates.

Amphibians

Which of the following were the first terrestrial vertebrates?

Amphibians

Unlike tunicates and lancelets, vertebrates have which of the following?

An endoskeleton Certain Internal organs

It was during the --- period, 545 million years ago, that the first vertebrates evolved in the oceans.

Cambrian

Which of the following are challenges faced by vertebrates moving from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment?

Carrying out reproduction in water to prevent eggs from drying out Supplying large amounts of oxygen to their muscles for movement on land Preventing their body from drying out

The skeleton of Chondrichthyans is made of which of the following?

Cartilage

Which of the following best describes the nervous system of echinoderms?

Central nerve ring with branches

Members of this phylum are characterized by a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a postanal tail.

Chordata

The notochord in the human embryo is replaced by the .

Chordata

Which of the following are challenges amphibians had to overcome when adapting to a life on land?

Delivering enough oxygen to muscles needed for land movement Needing water to complete the reproduction cycle Prevent body from drying out Obtaining enough oxygen without using gills Moving a large body mass without being buoyant in water

Organisms with spiny skin that exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults, and have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates, make up what phylum?

Echinoderms Echinodermata

Which of the following are characteristics of echinoderms?

Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates Deuterostome developments Adults have pentaradial symmetry

All but one pair of pharyngeal pouches is lost in the human embryo. The remaining one forms the --- --- that connect the throat to the middle ear.

Eustachian Tubes

Which of the following groups has the most species of vertebrates?

Fishes

Which of the following statements best describes symmetry in echinoderms?

Free-swimming larvae have bilateral symmetry, while the adult form is pentaradially symmetrical

The lateral line system of fish and sharks is a means of mechanoreception and is equivalent to which of the following?

Hearing

Choose all features typical of most bony fishes.

Highly mobile fins Internal skeleton made of bone Completely symmetrical tails

It is thought that the first vertebrates evolved where?

In the ocean during the Cambrian period

Which of the following is not one of the five key features of fish?

Internal organs

Which of the following are characteristics of a lancelet's anatomy and behavior?

It filter feeds on plankton. It has muscle tissue organized into myomeres. It has many gill slits. It buries in sediment.

Which of the following are key (defining) features of jawed fishes?

Nutritional deficiencies Paired appendages Single-loop circulation Internal gills A vertebral column

Which of the following are key features that characterize amphibians?

Partially divided heart Pulmonary veins Legs Lungs Cutaneous respiration

Which of the following are the four features that characterize all chordates?

Presence of a postanal tail Presence of a notochord during embryonic development Presence of a single, hollow nerve cord Presence of pharyngeal slits or pouches in the embryo

Which of the following are the four features that characterize all chordates?

Presence of pharyngeal slits or pouches in the embryo Presence of a single, hollow nerve cord Presence of a notochord during embryonic development Presence of a postanal tail

A fish heart contains how many chambers?

2

In addition to the presence of legs, all amphibians share several key characteristics. All amphibians can exchange gases through their --- . In addition, many amphibians breathe by forcing air into a pair of --- . Aerated blood is pumped through the --- veins, and returned to a partially divided --- to be pumped to the rest of the body.

skin lungs pulmonary heart

Despite how different their sessile, filter-feeding adult forms seem, larval --- clearly display chordate features.

tunicates