LS 7A Week 6 Achieve Quizlet

4.2 Review Questions: Which step occurs in the P site of the ribosome during translation? The tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves to this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon. None of the other answer options is correct. An uncharged tRNA is ejected from this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon. An incoming charged tRNA binds to this site.

The tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves to this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon.

Animation Assessment: Charging of Transfer RNAs: How many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes must be present in cells to properly synthesize proteins? 3, one for each base in a codon 64, one for each possible codon 20, one for each amino acid 4, one for each base in the mRNA

20, one for each amino acid

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Consider the macromolecules. 1) RNA 2) protein 3) DNA For the macromolecules listed, select the correct order for the proper flow of genetic information. 1 > 2 > 3 3 > 1 > 2 2 > 3 > 1 1 > 3 > 2

3 > 1 > 2

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Which tRNA anticodon sequence is the correct match to the mRNA codon listed below? Note: codon-anticodon base-pairing is antiparallel. 5'-CGA-3' 3'-GCT-5' 3'-CGA-5' 3'-GCU-5' 3'-TCG-5'

3'-GCU-5'

Animation Assessment: Translation Elongation: Consider the figure. Referring to the figure, what is the anticodon of the next tRNA to enter the A site? 3′GAA5′ 5′GAA3′ 5′CUU3′ 3′CUU5′ 3′UGG5′

3′CUU5′

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Consider the steps of gene expression. 1) The ribosome binds to the mRNA and uses tRNAs to translate mRNA into the corresponding amino acid polypeptide sequence. 2) The spliceosome removes introns. 3) The primary structure of the polypeptide chain undergoes hierarchical foldings to form the tertiary structure. 4) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a gene and initiates transcription. For the numbered steps given, select the option that places them in the correct order. 2 > 1 > 4 > 3 3 > 1 > 4 > 2 4 > 2 > 1 > 3 1 > 2 > 3 > 4

4 > 2 > 1 > 3

Simulation Assessment: Translation: The nonmutant version of the simulated stretch of DNA (the sequence shown when the simulation first loads) depicts synthesis of a peptide that is how many amino acids in length? 3 6 7 4 5

5

4.2 Review Questions: Assuming A‑U and G‑C pairing between the anticodon and the codon, what anticodon in tRNAMet would pair with the codon 5′‑AUG‑3′? 5′‑GUA‑3′ 5′‑CAU‑3′ 5′‑AUG‑3′ 5′‑UAC‑3′ 5′‑ATG‑3′

5′‑CAU‑3′

Animation Assessment: Translation Elongation: Enzymatic catalysis of the peptide bond between the growing polypeptide and the next incoming amino acid takes place in which binding site? A site P site combined A and P sites E site

A site

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Which base pairing is incorrect? U-A A-T G-C A-G

A-G

Animation Assessment: Translation Elongation: Referring to the figure, what is the codon (5′>3′) that specifies the addition of Arg (amino acid arginine) to the polypeptide? UCU AGA GAA CUU UGG

AGA

4.1 Review Questions: The interactions between amino acids are major factors in determining the shape of a protein. These interactions can be affected by the environment surrounding a protein. Which factor would have an effect on the shape of a protein? All of these choices are correct. the temperature of the environment whether the other molecules in the environment are predominantly hydrophilic or hydrophobic the pH of the environment the concentrations of ions present in the environment

All of these choices are correct.

4.2 Review Questions: Which step occurs in the A site of the ribosome during translation? An incoming charged tRNA binds to this site. An uncharged tRNA is ejected from this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon. The tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves to this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon. None of the other answer options is correct.

An incoming charged tRNA binds to this site.

4.2 Review Questions: Which step occurs in the E site of the ribosome during translation? The tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves to this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon. An uncharged tRNA is ejected from this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon. None of the other answer options is correct. An incoming charged tRNA binds to this site.

An uncharged tRNA is ejected from this site as the ribosome slides to the next codon.

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Where is the anticodon located? A B C

B

Animation Assessment: Charging of Transfer RNAs: Consider the image: Once the molecule shown is "charged," the outlined region labeled ______ will form complementary base pairs with the codon in the ______ in the A site of the ribosome. C; mRNA A; mRNA A; amino acid B; amino acid

C; mRNA

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: In which ribosome site would you find the uncharged tRNA? A site E site P site

E site

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: tRNA genes are transcribed by: DNA polymerase. RNA polymerase. spliceosome. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.

RNA polymerase.

Simulation Assessment: Translation: What feature or structure in the simulation indicates that this is eukaryotic translation? The small ribosomal subunit binds to a Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA and locates a nearby AUG codon. The first incorporated amino acid is methionine. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the 5' end of the mRNA and scans to the nearest AUG codon.

The small ribosomal subunit binds to the 5' end of the mRNA and scans to the nearest AUG codon.

Animation Assessment: Charging of Transfer RNAs: Consider the image: This image represents ______ and ______ is attached at the outlined region labeled ______ . an aminoacyl tRNA synthase; an amino acid; A a tRNA; an amino acid; A a tRNA; an amino acid; C an aminoacyl tRNA synthase; an anticodon; C a folded protein; an amino acid; A

a tRNA; an amino acid; A

Animation Assessment: Charging of Transfer RNAs: Which is the actual event that translates the language of nucleic acids (the sequence of bases, A, T (U), C, and G) to the language of proteins (determining which amino acid will be added to the polypeptide)? binding of charged tRNA to the ribosome A site establishing the correct reading frame by the ribosome catalysis of a new peptide bond from the growing polypeptide to the next amino acid attachment of the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase release of the finished polypeptide at the stop codon

attachment of the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Animation Assessment: Translation Elongation: In the figure, which box encloses the codon currently at the P site of the ribosome? box A box B box C box D

box B

Animation Assessment: Translation Elongation: Consider the figure. In the figure, which box encloses the anticodon currently at the A site of the ribosome? box A box B box C box D

box C

4.1 Review Questions: Proteins that prevent inappropriate folding of newly synthesized proteins are called: synthetases. chaperones. polymerases. enzymes. ribosomes.

chaperones.

Animation Assessment: Charging of Transfer RNAs: How is the amino acid held on the charged tRNA? It can be a combination of all bond types. covalent bond hydrogen bonds

covalent bond

5.4 Review Questions: Which sequence accurately describes the path traveled by a new protein from when it first starts to be translated to its release from the cell? nuclear envelope → ER → vesicle → Golgi → plasma membrane → external environment cytosol → ER → Golgi → vesicle → plasma membrane → external environment plasma membrane → ER → vesicle → Golgi → cytosol → external environment cytosol → Golgi → ER → vesicle → plasma membrane → external environment nucleus → ER → Golgi → vesicle → plasma membrane → external environment

cytosol → ER → Golgi → vesicle → plasma membrane → external environment

4.1 Review Questions: The unfolding of a protein by heat or chemical treatment is referred to as: disaggregation. hydrolysis. uncoupling. depolymerization. denaturation.

denaturation.

4.3 Review Questions: An area of a polypeptide that bends in a particular way, relatively independent of the rest of the molecule, is a folding: segment. lariat. exon. domain. region.

domain

5.4 Review Questions: The controlled release of cellular material stored in membrane-bound vesicles to the outside of the cell is an example of: transcytosis. exocytosis. phagocytosis. endocytosis.

exocytosis.

4.3 Review Questions: In a protein‑coding region of DNA, any mutation that replaces a single nucleotide for another will replace any amino acid with any other amino acid. true false

false

4.3 Review Questions: Protein families contain proteins with identical primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. true false

false

Simulation Assessment: Translation: Determine whether the statement about the simulation is either true or false. Changing the adenines at the 3' end of the mRNA will result in a nonfunctional protein because it is critical that every protein possesses a tail of lysine amino acids at the C-terminus. true false

false

Simulation Assessment: Translation: Determine whether the statement about the simulation is either true or false. Every amino acid in a synthesized polypeptide enters the ribosome at the A site. true false

false

4.1 Review Questions: Most proteins retain metabolic activity when denatured. true false

false.

4.2 Review Questions: When a charged tRNA is about to bind to the vacant A site of a ribosome, where is the growing polypeptide? in the P site in the A site in the E site The polypeptide is equally likely to be in any of the three sites.

in the P site

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Which process is carried out by the spliceosome? transcription intron removal translation exon removal DNA replication

intron removal

Animation Assessment: Translation Elongation: The ribosome ______ subunit has ______ binding sites for tRNA molecules. large; two small; three small; two large; four large; three

large; three

5.4 Review Questions: In which eukaryotic organelle are various macromolecules broken down and destroyed? lysosome mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum the Golgi apparatus

lysosome

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Which protein level best matches the description "blocks on a string"? secondary quaternary primary tertiary

primary

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Which components make up the ribosome? Select all that apply. protein RNA DNA carbohydrate

protein RNA

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Which enzyme is made up of both RNA and protein? ribosome RNA polymerase nucleosome

ribosome

4.3 Review Questions: In a population of organisms, beneficial and harmful random mutations are retained or eliminated through the process of: expression. translation. folding. conservation. selection.

selection

4.2 Review Questions: Ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are: similar in structure and translate using different genetic codes. similar in structure and translate using the same genetic code. identical in structure and translate using the same genetic code. identical in structure but translate using different genetic codes.

similar in structure and translate using the same genetic code.

4.1 Review Questions: The fully folded structure of a functional protein composed of a single polypeptide chain is referred to as: quaternary. secondary. tertiary. primary.

tertiary.

4.2 Review Questions: Binding sites for tRNA are located in: neither ribosomal subunit. the small ribosomal subunit. the large ribosomal subunit. both ribosomal subunits.

the large ribosomal subunit.

5.4 Review Questions: A protein with an internal signal sequence is most likely to be located in: a mitochondrion. a chloroplast. the extracellular space. the cytoplasm. the nucleus.

the nucleus.

3D Animation Assessment: Gene Expression--Translation: Which of the types of RNA molecule delivers amino acids to the ribosomes? messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA

transfer RNA

VS Map Assessment: Gene Expression--Flow of Information from Gene to Protein: Which base is not found in DNA? uracil guanine cytosine thymine adenine

uracil