Ls Chapter 29

Select all features common to bryophytes.

The gametophyte is photosynthetic. The gametophyte is more conspicuous than the sporophyte.

In mosses, male gametangia are called --- , while female gametangia are called ---

antheridia archegonia

Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have

multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

Approximately how long ago did green algae and the land plants share a common ancestor?

1 billion years ago

At what stage in this moss life cycle is free-standing water required?

A

Select all true statements about lycophytes.

Despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues. In lycophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant.

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?

Diploid embryos Multicellular gametophytes Multicellular sporophytes

Choose all components of fern sporophytes.

Fronds Fiddleheads Rhizomes

Select all features of liverworts.

Gametophytes have rhizoids. They may be leafy or lobed.

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

Higher levels of UV light on land Less water availability in a terrestrial environment

Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?

Multicellular haploid and diploid generations The ability to photosynthesize Diploid embryos

What structure functions both in support of the plant and transport of water and nutrients in tracheophytes?

Roots

Antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively?

Sperm and eggs

Select all structures produced by mosses.

Sporangia Rhizoids

During the evolution of plant vascular tissues, which developed first?

Stems

Select the main evolutionary innovation that helped the tracheophytes to become dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems.

The development of vascular tissue

Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.

The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces The presence of stomata for gas exchange The presence of specialized water transporting tissues

Select all true statements about hornworts.

Their sporophytes have stomata. Their gametophytes are photosynthetic. Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants.

Select all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns.

They form antheridia and archegonia They require free water for fertilization

Select all features of horsetails.

They have jointed stems. They are homosporous. Their stems are hollow.

Select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves.

They lack stomata Most of their surface is one cell layer thick They lack veins

Select all true statements about whisk fern sporophytes.

They lack true leaves. They are photosynthetic (green).

Select all adaptive features of seeds.

They nourish the embryo. They protect the embryo.

Select all functions of roots.

Transport of water Plant support

Select all features of fern sporophytes.

Vascular Multicellular Photosynthetic

The sporophyte of what plant group consists of evenly forking photosynthetic stems that lack roots and leaves?

Whisk ferns

A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is

a cuticle on exposed surfaces.

In mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophyte) generation occupies

a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants.

Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes, and the lack of tracheids, are features of

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the nontracheophytes, called the ---

bryophytes

The plant group with the little cell specialization is the

bryophytes

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing ---

cyanobacteria

Compared to a haploid genome, a major advantage of a diploid genome is that

each gene is backed up by a second copy.

A common feature of whisk ferns and horsetails is that they both have sperm with --- ; for that reason, those plants require free water for ---

flagella fertilization

The leaves of ferns are called ---

fronds

In plants, the gametophyte produces --- and the sporophyte produces ---

gametes spores

In plants, the haploid generation is called the --- and the diploid generation is the ---

gametophyte sporophyte

In this plant life cycle, the --- generation is represented by position A, while the --- generation is at position B.

gametophyte sporophyte

In this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing the

gametophyte.

Approximately 1 billion years ago, land plants shared a common ancestor with

green algae

A typical land plant has a(n) --- life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

haplodiplontic

Land plants are protected against mutations due to higher UV exposure by

having a dominant diploid generation.

The --- are seedless vascular plants with hollow jointed stems

horsetails

The --- are seedless vascular plants with hollow jointed stems.

horsetails

Evidence suggests that leaves evolved more than once; --- are small leaves found in the lycophytes and are --- the true leaves of ferns and seed plants.

lycophylis euphylis

Of the two types of leaves, those with a single vein supporting relatively small leaves are called --- while those with branching veins that likely arose when branching stems became webbed with leaf tissue are ---

lycophylis euphylis

Evidence suggests that leaves evolved more than once; --- are small leaves found in the lycophytes and --- are the true leaves of ferns and seed plants.

lycophylls euphylls

In the circled region of this moss life cycle, the sporangium is undergoing --- to produce spores.

meiosis

In this plant life cycle --- is occurring at the position labeled A, and --- is occurring at B.

meiosis fertilization

In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is

photosynthetic and free-living.

Mosses differ from other bryophytes because their gametophytes

produce structures that look like leaves and stems

Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes

produce vascular tissue.

In this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing

production of spores by meiosis.

Seeds are very resistant structures, that can --- and nourish the young ---

protect embryo

Liverworts reproduce through

sexual and asexual means.

Clusters of sporangia on ferns are called ---

sori

Sori are clusters of

sporangia in ferns.

In this moss life cycle, the circle (identified with an arrow) is enclosing haploid --- produced by meiosis.

spores

The cone-like structure on a horsetail stem produces haploid ---

spores

The earliest vascular plants contained

stems but not roots.

An important difference that distinguished the leaflike structures of moss gametophytes from true leaves is

the lack of vascular tissue.

Tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce

vascular tissue.

Choose all that are carried in vascular tissue.

water sucrose hormones minerals

The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required more

water loss management

Choose the two types of vascular tissue.

xylem phloem