LSA CH 11

Which of the following is true of the outcomes of Milgram's experiment? Multiple choice question. The majority of the teachers did not obey the experimenter. The experiment demonstrated the power of free will. No teacher delivered the full 450 volts to the learner. Almost two-thirds of the teachers delivered the full 450 volts to the learner.

Almost two-thirds of the teachers delivered the full 450 volts to the learner.

Prejudice is which of the following? Multiple choice question. An attitude directed toward an individual based on their membership in a particular group An organized body of information stored in memory that biases the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled A generalization about a particular group that does not consider variation between individuals An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership

An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership

Which of the following is an example of the fundamental attribution error? Multiple choice question. You just met Antonio and already feel like you have lot in common. Antonio almost hit you with his car in the parking lot because he's a jerk, not because he couldn't see around a blind corner. Antonio got an "A" grade in psychology because he studied hard, and a "D" grade in biology because the teacher doesn't like him. Antonio is attractive, so he is also a good student.

Antonio almost hit you with his car in the parking lot because he's a jerk, not because he couldn't see around a blind corner.

What is the term in social psychology for the opinions and beliefs we have about people, things, and ideas?

Attitudes

_____ occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes a sense of personal responsibility.

Deindividuation

___ cultures value personal accomplishments and emphasize uniqueness, and have been associated with lower levels of conformity.

Individualistic

Which classic study in psychology raised serious ethical concerns? Multiple choice question. Kelley's impression formation study Festinger's research on cognitive dissonance Asch's conformity study Milgram's obedience study

Milgram's obedience study

___involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior.

Persuasion

What is the term for expectations about a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur?

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Attribution theory is which of the following? Multiple choice question. The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations The view that an individual can have fast-acting, self-fulfilling fears of being judged on a negative stereotype

The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others

Social cognition is which of the following? Multiple choice question. The study of human societies, organizations, and institutions The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people. The way in which individuals think in social situations

The way in which individuals think in social situations

Which of the following is true of collectivistic cultures when compared to individualistic cultures? They are characterized by lower levels of conformity. They value individual accomplishments. They value group harmony. They value uniqueness.

They value group harmony.

What is the definition of conformity? Multiple choice question. the major traits considered in forming impressions of others a set of cognitions about people and social experiences a change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others the process of the actions of an individual or group affecting the behavior of others

a change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others

___ refers to social behavior whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.

aggression

___is giving aid to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.

altruism

In the field of social psychology, the term ___ describes opinions and beliefs that someone has towards a person, an object, or a concept.

attitude

___ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are.

attribution

n Solomon Asch's experiment in which participants sat in a group and compared the length of lines, the conclusion showed that the pressure to ___ is strong.

conform

In Asch's famous research study, participants agreed with people making an incorrect choice in a line length judgment task. This study is a classic study of ___.

conformity

Solomon Asch is most associated with a classic study on what social psychological concept? Multiple choice question. Obedience Prejudice Conformity Cognitive dissonance

conformity

We all adhere to the rules and norms of society to some degree. The fact that we attend work or school clothed, rather than nude, is an example of____ .

conformity

Shelby's friends congratulate her on the beautiful cake she baked for an upcoming party. Shelby says that the cake was easy to make because she read the recipe carefully and allowed herself plenty of time to get it made. Shelby is attributing her success at baking the cake to a(n) _____ cause.

controllable

The term ___ is used to describe a process that occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes the sense of personal responsibility. One explanation for this is that being a group member gives us anonymity.

deindividuation

A negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because they are a member of that group is called ____.

discimination

Giving aid to another person to ensure reciprocity is called ___.

egoism

_____ involves giving to another person for personal gain, such as to feel good or avoid guilt. Multiple choice question. Altruism Controllability Egoism Stability

egoism

___ involves giving to another person for personal gain, such as to feel good or avoid guilt.

egosimm

A key social emotion in altruism is____ , a person's feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another.

empathy

What is a key emotion involved in altruism that involves feeling a oneness with the emotional state of another? Multiple choice question. emotional influence egoism empathy aggression

empathy

Elaina complained to her best friend that she lost the spelling bee because the judges were unfair and gave her all of the harder words to spell. Elaina is attributing her performance in the spelling bee to a(n) _____ cause.

external

According to several studies on physical attractiveness, which of the following faces did participants rate as most attractive? Multiple choice question. faces that looked unfamiliar faces with an extreme attribute, such as an exceptionally small nose or exceptionally large eyes faces that looked familiar faces that were an average (composite) of several other faces

faces that were an average (composite) of several other faces

True or false: In a study on physical attractiveness, researchers found that participants rated individual faces as more attractive than faces that were created by averaging up to 32 other faces.

false

The ___ attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of their personalities rather than aspects of the situation.

fundamental

The _____ may be explained by the fact that when making attributions about someone, the immediate environment is more stable and less attention-grabbing than the observed person's behavior.

fundamental attribution error

Altruism is which of the following? Multiple choice question. giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself adhering to social norms of expected behavior giving in to the request of another person giving to another person to ensure reciprocity

giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself

Egoism is which of the following?

giving to another person to ensure reciprocity

Egoism is which of the following? Multiple choice question. adhering to social norms of expected behavior giving to another person to ensure reciprocity giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself giving in to the request of another person

giving to another person to ensure reciprocity

_____ occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes a sense of personal responsibility.

groupthink

What is the term for a cognitive shortcut that enables us to make decisions rapidly?

heuristic

What is the term for a cognitive shortcut that enables us to make decisions rapidly? Multiple choice question. persona heuristic stasis attribution

heurristic

The influence other people have on us because we want to be correct is referred to as Multiple choice question. informational social influence. obedience. normative social influence. deindividuation.

informational social influence.

Matt sees a painting that Ben painted and says that the painting is good because Ben is a talented artist. Matt is attributing Ben's work on the painting to a(n) _____ cause.

internal

Miko has just transferred to a new high school and starts to dress and act like the popular students there because she wants them to like her. This is an example of

normative

___ social influence is the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us.

normative

Milgram's classic study involving teachers, learners, and electric shocks was designed to examine the power of Multiple choice question. deindividuation. obedience. conformity. groupthink.

obedience

The ___learning approach to aggression emphasizes that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive

observational

Person ___ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.

perception

Zimbardo explained that when an authority figure removes responsibility ____ , true evil can emerge.

personal

What would a social psychologist be most likely to study?

personal attitudes and the perception of others

when considering the factors of attraction identified in the text, there is physical closeness, otherwise known as . There is also acquaintance, and .

proximity similarity

A confederate is _____.

purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in

If people think that members of a specific group lack ambition, they may treat them in a way that actually brings about a lack of ambition. What does this illustrate?

self-fulfilling prophecy

hich of the following neurotransmitters and neurohormones are associated with prosocial behavior? Multiple select question. norepinephrine serotonin dopamine GABA oxytocin

serotonin dopamine oxytocin

Which of the following are factors that contribute to attraction? Multiple select question. similarity proximity acquaintance intimacy

similarity proximity acquaintance

When someone is asked to identify themselves and they answer with religious or ethnic group affiliations, they are stating their ____ identity.

social

___ identity is a way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

social

___psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

social

___ ___is the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.

social cognition

Noah sees a man in a store yelling at the cashier and thinks, "That guy is a mean jerk." Noah is attributing the man's behavior to a(n) _____ cause.

stable

A(n) ___ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any individual differences.

stereotype

___ threat is a person's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about their group.

stereotype

Which of the following are types of heuristics in social information processing? Multiple select question. stereotypes the false consensus effect social phobia extraversion

stereotypes the false consensus effect

Pam's new friend is a librarian, so Pam assumes that the person is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and probably a vegetarian. What does Pam's thinking on this describe?

stereotyping

The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations when they seek explanations is referred to as

the fundamental attribution error.

Person perception is which of the following? Multiple choice question. the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others the study of human societies, organizations, and institutions the way in which individuals think in social situations

the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

A person who experiences stereotype ______ is well aware of stereotypical expectations for him or her as a member of a group.

threat

Sierra arrives at work late but states that it isn't her fault because there was a car accident on the highway. Sierra is attributing her lateness to a(n) _____ cause. Multiple choice question.

uncontrollable

Bill pays for Madeline's lunch and seems very happy. Madeline thinks to herself, "Bill must be in an unusually good mood today." According to attribution theory, Madeline is attributing Bill's behavior to a(n) _____ cause.

unstable

Aggression is social behavior Multiple choice question. whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally. whose objective is to harm someone physically. whose objective is to harm someone verbally. that is limited only to humans seeking to harm someone.

whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.

____s Stanford prison experiment concluded that situational factors and social roles powerfully affect human behavior.

zimbardo