LSN #2: 15.21-16.6

person suffering from ________ can see objects that are close, but distant objects appear blurred. myopia hyperopia vertigo color blindness cataracts

myopia

What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone? a circadian rhythm of release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) negative feedback thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

negative feedback

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

9

Which hormone specifically targets cells that produce hormones that affect glucose metabolism?

ACTH

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones? prolactin (PRL) thyroid hormones GH (growth hormone) oxytocin

GH (growth hormone)

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false? It has target cells that are mainly in distant tissues. It releases secretions directly into body fluids. It affects only cells with appropriate receptors. It is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. It releases secretions through gap junctions.

It releases secretions through gap junctions.

What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? increasing protein kinases phosphorylation of intracellular proteins activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell

activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell

After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? activates a protein kinase directly alters protein synthesis at the ribosome acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene phosphorylates a protein

acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene

What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

The abnormality that develops when a lens loses its transparency is known as color blindness. myopia. vertigo. cataracts. hyperopia.

cataracts.

What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?

chaperone proteins (chaperonins)

Peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids.

What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?

control secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors? insulin epinephrine cortisol

cortisol

All target cells have hormone receptors. secrete hormones. respond to chemical signals. have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals. secrete hormones and have hormone receptors.

have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses. neuropeptides; neurotransmitters neurotransmitters; neuropeptides hormones; neurotransmitters neurotransmitters; hormones neuropeptides; neurohormones

hormones; neurotransmitters

A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close. cataracts myopia color blindness hyperopia vertigo

hyperopia

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized? kidney posterior pituitary hypothalamus anterior pituitary

hypothalamus

Which endocrine structure secretes hormones involved with fluid balance and smooth muscle contraction? pineal gland hypothalamus pituitary gland pancreas

hypothalamus

Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex? oxytocin antidiuretic hormone (ADH) cortisol

oxytocin

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA. hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. cell membrane becomes depolarized. cell becomes inactive. second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by gap synaptic junctions. secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. indirect osmotic control. direct neural stimulation.

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time. two one or two only one several

several

Which structure of the endocrine system secretes hormones involved in the stimulation and coordination of the immune response?

thymus

Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? thyroid hormone cortisol insulin

thyroid hormone