LSQ Chapter 14

Order the following choices to reflect the stages of phagocytosis, from the first step to the last step.

1. Chemotaxis 2. Formation of phagosome. 3. Formation of phagolysosome. 4. Killing and digestion of microbe. 5. Exocytosis of debris

Membrane attack

A final donut-shaped enzyme complex is formed and punctures small pores through the cell membranes causing lysis.

What is the function of selectins?

Adhesion molecules that promote sticking of neutrophils to the inner vessel wall.

Tissue injury leading to inflammation can be due to ________? infection chemical injury All of these choices are correct mechanical injury

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following is part of the body's third line of defense? Complement B-cells Inflammation Interferons

B-cells

Humoral immunity involves _________, while _________ function in cell-mediated immunity.

B-cells; T-cells

Initiation

C1 components bind to antibodies bound to a foreign cell.

Which event occurs in the early stages of inflammation? Chemical mediators and cytokines are released. Exudate and puss accumulate at the site of injury or infection. The blood cells in the inflamed area vasoconstrict. Macrophages appear and begin phagocytosis.

Chemical mediators and cytokines are released.

Natural killer cells

Display no antigen specificity but are active against tumor and virally infected cells.

Amplification and cascade

Enzymatic action on C1 leads to the cleavage of C5.

Antibody production by B cells is considered a nonspecific immune function. True or False

False

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ________ ?

GALT

Which of the following is incorrect about complement? It acts in a cascade reaction. It involves an alternate pathway. It is composed of at least 20 blood proteins. It involves a classical pathway. It only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen.

It only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen.

Which role does histamine play during inflamation? It destroys bacteria. It raises blood pressure. It promotes sticking of neutrophils to the inner vessel wall. It leads to vacoycin.

It raises blood pressure.

What structures are found along vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

Lymph nodes

Which of the following compartments is not a partner in immune function? Extracellular fluid Blood stream Lymphatic system Intracellular fluid

Lymphatic system

Select the characteristics of T lymphocytes, which are involved in specific immunity. Check all that apply. Mature in the bone marrow. Mature in the thymus Move freely among lymphoid tissues and connective tissue. Responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Form specialized plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Mature in the thymus Move freely among lymphoid tissues and connective tissue. Responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

Which white blood cells comprise 3-7% of circulating WBC's, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Monocytes

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

PAMP's

Basophils

Parallel eosinophil function by being involved in inflammation and allergic reactions.

Monocytes

Phagocytic cells that leave circulation and differentiate into macrophages.

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced in order to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

Phagocytosis

Polymerization

Product of C5 cleavage becomes the site of assembly for an attack complex on the cell membrane.

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation? Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. Inflammation can last hours to years. Serotonin causes smooth muscle contractions. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increase capillary permeability. Basophils and mast cells release histamine.

Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increase capillary permeability.

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Spleen

Neutrophils

The main phagocytes in circulation.

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

Thymus

Interferons do not protect the cell that secretes them. True or False

True

Margination occurs when neutrophils stick to the lining of the endothelium. True or False

True

Some hosts are genetically immune to the diseases of other hosts. True or False

True

Nonspecific chemical defenses of the human host include all of the following except... lysozyme antibodies hydrochloric acid lactic acid

antibodies

The term ________ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

antigen

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all of the following except __________ ? redness swelling chills warmth pain

chills

All of the following pertain to interferon except? it inhibits viruses, tumors, and cancer gene expression. it includes alpha, beta, and gamma types. it is produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells. it is a protein. it increases capillary permeability and vasodilation.

it increases capillary permeability and vasodilation.

All of the following are granulocytes except ________? neutrophils eosinophils lymphocytes basophils All of the choices are granulocytes.

lymphocytes

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ___________ ?

macrophages

Diapedesis is the ________ ?

migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

The most numerous WBC's that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ________ ?

neutrophils

Extravasation, also known as diapedesis or transmigration, occurs when neutrophils squeeze through the vessel wall. neutrophils stick to the blood vessel wall. blood vessels dilate. neutrophils are attracted to the infecting bacteria.

neutrophils squeeze through the vessel wall.

Which of the following is part of the body's second line of defense? vomiting cytotoxic T -cells saliva phagocytosis

phagocytosis

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________ ? skin digestive tract eyes urinary tract respiratory tract

respiratory tract

Inflamation is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. In Latin, the term _______ means redness.

rubor

Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all _______ ?

vasoactive mediators

The symtoms of inflammation are mostly due to _______?

vasodilation