Lymphatic and Immune System LearnSmart

Tissues which lack lymphatic vessels:

- bone marrow - cornea - central nervous system - cartilage

main functions of the lymphatic system

- fluid recovery from tissues - immunity - absorption of lipids

Reticular cells in the thymus secrete several signaling molecules.

- interferon - interleukins - thymopoietin - thymosin

What are signaling molecules produced by the reticular epithelial cells that promote the growth and differentiation of T cells?

- interferon - interleukins - thymosin

The cisterna chyli, which denotes the beginning of the thoracic trunk, is formed by the convergence of which lymphatic trunks?

- lumbar - intestinal

The thymus is considered part of several body systems. Name these.

- lymphatic system - immune system - endocrine system

list cells that function as antigen presenting cells.

- macrophages - dendritic cells - B cells

Primary lymphoid organs

- red bone marrow - thymus

Contribute to the flow of lymph:

- respiratory pump - skeletal muscle pump - valves

primary lymphatic vessels

- smooth muscle in vessel wall - tunica interna present - valves present

list primary lymphoid organs

- thymus - red bone marrow

Features of the tonsils

- tonsilliar crypts - lymphatic nodules - an incomplete fibrous capsule

features of lymphatic vessels

- tunica interna present - valves present - smooth muscle in vessel wall

Which factors cause or contribute to the flow of lymph?

- valves - skeletal muscle pump - the respiratory pump

order of lymphatic flow thru a lymph node

1. afferent lymphatic vessel 2. sub capsular sinus of the cortex 3. sinuses of cortex and medulla 4. efferent lymphatic vessel

flow of lymphatic fluid beginning with the blood capillaries

1. blood capillaries (blood) 2. interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid) 3. lymphatic capillaries (lymph) 4. lymphatic vessels (lymph) 5. lymphatic ducts (lymph) 6. internal jugular and subclavian vein junction

list 3 secondary lymphoid organs.

1. tonsils 2. spleen 3. lymph nodes

T/F: Lymph is propelled through the lymphatic system by the rhythmic contractions of the heart

False

T/F: lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells

False

T/F: A pathogen or a tissue transplant is an example of a host cell

False- a host cell is any cell belonging to the human body, as opposed to foreign cells introduced to it by such causes as infections and tissue transplants

Cells that produce the stroma of lymphatic organs

Reticular cells

T/F: Interleukins function as signaling molecules, affecting the growth and differentiation of various white blood cells and other lymphatic cells.

True

Mucosal associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) are:

aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes

A cell that phagocytes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface is an ___.

antigen-presenting cell (APC)

In the thymus, reticular cells form the:

blood-thymus barrier

Collecting vessels are formed by the uniting or convergence of several lymphatic ___

capillaries

lymphatic capillaries:

closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells

the largest type of lymphatic vessel, which drains lymph into the subclavian veins, is called a ___.

collecting duct

Lymphatic trunks converge to form the largest lymphatic vessels, called:

collecting ducts

Germinal center, areas of B cell multiplication and differentiation, are located in the ___ of the lymph node.

cortex

Lymphatic cells called NK (natural killer) cells are classified as ___.

lymphocytes

monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes are called:

macrophages

The components of the lymphatic system are the lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic nodes and lymphatic ___.

organs

distinct connective tissue capsules are found surrounding the lymphatic __.

organs

Name the type of wbc that functions to produce antibodies.

plasma cells

Old and defective erythrocytes are removed from circulation in the __ of the spleen

red pulp

The __ cells of the thymus form the blood-thymus barrier and secrete signaling molecules contributing to T cell development

reticular

The spleen and lymph nodes are classified as __ lymphatic organs

secondary

Name the large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney

spleen

A surgical procedure in which the spleen is removed is called a

splenectomy

duct that drains lymph from the body below the diaphragm, the upper limb and the left side of the head neck and thorax

thoracic duct

Name the organ where T-cells mature ___.

thymus

Organ that is the site of T-cell maturation

thymus

The ___ are patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens

tonsils

Lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to:

veins

The ___ pulp is the portion of the spleen surrounding the splenic artery, which consists of lymphocytes and macrophages monitoring for blood-borne pathogens

white

name cell that is highly branched antigen-presenting cell found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissues.

dendritic cells

A lymphatic vessel that carries lymph away from a lymph node is called an __ vessel

efferent

A __ __ is an area within the lymph node and spleen where B cell proliferation, differentiation and activation occurs

germinal center

The cortex of the lymph node contains:

germinal centers

where is lymph found?

in lymphatic vessels

List areas where lymphatic vessels are found.

in most body tissues, except CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow

The specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines are the __

lacteals

The fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which originates as tissue fluid is called ___

lymph

A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called the ___ ___.

lymph node

Name the body system that functions to maintain fluid balance in the tissue, absorbs lipids, and protects the body against pathogens

lymphatic

interstitial fluid becomes lymphatic fluid when it enters the:

lymphatic capillaries

Name the group of cells that phagocytize antigens and display antigenic fragments on their surface, allowing recognition by other cells of the immune system

APC--> antigen- presenting cells

Name the lymphocyte that mediates humoral immune responses, differentiating into an antibody-producing plasma cell.

B lymphocyte

Name the collecting duct that drains lymph from the head, the R arm, and the R side of the thorax

R lymphatic duct

Hematopoiesis occurs in the

Red bone marrow

define edema

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues