MA 3

Which of the following types of parasites are microscopic in their adult stages?

Protozoa

Which is the first step that should be completed when sterilization failure has occurred?

Remove the sterilizer and immediately place it out of service.

Which of the following is an example of indirect exposure?

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever being spread through infected ticks

What is the correct first aid for a needle stick injury?

Scrub with antibacterial soap under running water for several minutes, then bandage.

According to the Spaulding Classification System, which category would respiratory therapy equipment that comes in contact with, but does not penetrate mucous membranes fall into?

Semicritical

Which of the following discovered that hand washing seemed to decrease the incident of death due to infection following the childbirth in the mid-1800s?

Semmelweis

Which of the following is an airborne transmissible disease?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Within which structure do monocytes and lymphocytes complete their development and are activated?

Spleen

Which type of precautions would be used for a patient suspected to be infected with measles?

Standard and airborne precautions

Which of the following makes an object free from all living microorganisms?

Sterilization

This type of gloves should be used during the disinfection and clean-up process:

utility gloves

Which type of gloves should be used during the sterilization and clean-up process?

utility gloves

Which of the following is a highly contagious virus that is part of the herpes family?

varicella-zoster

The ______ virus is a disease that is transmitted through exposure to blood and currently has no vaccination to prevent against it.

Hepatitis C

The ______ virus is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes disease.

Herpes

Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted disease?

Herpes Simplex Type 1

Which of the following wrote of the dangers posed by stagnant water and expressed the importance of good hygiene?

Hippocrates

You are cleaning up after a trauma case in the Emergency Department. What solution should be used to clean up after a spill of blood.

Household bleach

This type of disinfectant is not typically recommended for disinfection, since it is considered toxic and potentially damaging to surfaces and equipment:

Hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following is NOT one of the major classes of antibodies?

IgB

Which is an advantage of dry heat sterilization?

It needs little maintenance

Which is an advantage to using cold sterilization?

Items sensitive to heat can be sterilized

Which of the following is an enzyme that attacks cell walls of gram-positive bacteria making it inhospitable to most bacteria?

Lysozyme

Which of the following created germ theory?

Pasteur

can be transferred patient-to-patient when instruments are not properly handled.

Pathogens

Which is the first step to preparing the sterilization area?

Perform a thorough hand wash

By law, employees are afforded which of the following protections against blood borne pathogens

Personal protective equipment at no cost to the employee, Hepatitis B vaccination at no cost to the employee, and Prompt and thorough testing following an exposure incident

Which of the following, also referred to as the adenoids, are located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity?

Pharyngeal tonsils

Which of the following stress reduction strategies include breathing exercises, yoga, and meditation?

Physical strategies

Which of the following is considered the primary organ of the lymphatic system?

Thymus

Which of the following is defined as new growths of tissue in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled?

Tumor

Which of the following best describes the incubation period of Hepatitis B?

Up to 200 days

Which of the following is NOT a method by which bacteria is classified?

Virulence

Which of the following terms describes the degree of an agent's ability to cause a disease?

Virulence

For this type of disease transmission to occur, microorganisms can appear on high-touch surfaces. They may migrate to a patient's hand and then enter their eyes, nose, or mouth if the patient touches their face:

patient to patient

To guarantee the sterilization process is correct and complete, which should always be followed?

the manufacturer's instructions

Once the flash sterilization process is complete, the logbook must be filled out and should include which of the following?

the operator's name

Which of the following should be used in a medical office as a surface disinfectant because it has minimal drying time and is safe to use on materials that could corrode?

ammonium chloride

Which is the correct exposure time for forced air sterilization?

6 to 12 minutes

Items immersed in a glutaraldehyde solution are capable of killing resistant spores if immersed for how long?

6 to10 hours

What is the term used to describe bacteria which do not require oxygen?

Anaerobic

What is the first line of protection against pathogens?

Anatomic barriers

By law, how often must "at-risk" employees receive training in avoidance of blood born pathogens?

Annually

Which is the correct exposure time for static air sterilization?

1 to2 hours

During sterilization, what percentage of microorganisms is destroyed?

100%

Globally Harmonized Standards (GHS) standardized the content and formatting of Safety Data Sheets (SDS) to include how many sections?

16

How many major classes of antibodies are there?

5

Which disease, which was introduced to the American public in the 1980s resulted in health care professionals starting to wear gloves?

AIDS

Which type of transmission is most common in measles?

Airborne

Which of the following is NOT generally one of the diseases in which health care professionals at risk of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids should be especially concerned?

Anthrax

When should PPE be worn?

Any time there is a reasonable expectation of exposure to potentially infectious material

Which of the following are single-celled microorganisms that live in practically every environment?

Bacteria

Which of the following routes of transmission occur through contact of infected body fluids with mucous membranes?

Blood borne and sexual

When an injury or invasion takes place, leukocytes are summoned to the affected area through a release of leukocyte-attracting chemicals in a process called what?

Chemotaxis

What distinguishes a communicable disease from an infectious disease?

Communicable diseases may be transmitted person-to-person

Which statement about how the respiratory system protects itself from pathogens is FALSE?

Coughs and sneezes help remove pathogens from the lower airway.

Which of the following is NOT a vaccination that the CDC recommends for health care professionals?

HPV

In 13 th -century France, which parts of the body were kept relatively clean?

Hands and mouh

Who should you contact first if you witness or are involved in a needle stick accident?

Head nurse

Studies have shown that one percent of hospital health care personnel (compared to three percent of the general population) have evidence of which of the following?

Hepatitis C

Who is ultimately responsible to provide engineering controls?

Employer

What is the source of most health care-associated infections?

Endogenous flora

The agency that enforces regulations on wastes that leave the medical office is the:

Environmental Protection Agency

Which of the following is NOT an example of PPE?

Eyewash station

How long must the sharps injury log be maintained?

Five years after end of year o incident

Which statement about how the body protects itself from pathogens is TRUE?

Gastric acids and enzymes help neutralize pathogens that attack through the gastrointestinal system.

What is the second line of protection against pathogens?

Inflammatory response

Which type of immunity is attained in utero?

Inherited immunity

How many new occupational HBV infections were reported in 1983?

More than 5,000

Which agency approves particulate respirators for health care professionals?

NIOSH

When is it appropriate to put your hand into a sharps disposal container?

Never

According to the Spaulding Classification System, which category would a stethoscope fall into?

Noncritical

Which type of immunity uses monocytes?

Nonspecific immunity

Which of the following statements about uniforms is TRUE?

Once a contaminated uniform is removed, the health care professional should shower as soon as practical.

Which of the following is NOT an ectoparasite?

Tapeworm

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The immune system protects the body from only external assaults.

Which sterilizer uses moist heat under pressure?

autoclave

Which type of sterilization process uses steam under pressure to sterilize instruments and other items?

autoclave sterilization

What is the most accurate way to determine whether sterilization has occurred?

biological monitoring

What is the shelf-life of an undamaged or uncontaminated sterile packet?

indefinite

Which is the process of observing sterilizer gauges and readings, as well as documenting the temperature, pressure, and exposure time?

physical monitoring

Which type of monitoring is heat-sensitive and changes colors when subjected to specific conditions?

chemical monitoring

Which type of sterilization may leave a brief, foul odor in the area and can cause discomfort to the eyes?

chemical vapor sterilization

Items sterilized by which method can take up to 10 hours of exposure time?

cold sterilization

Which type of sterilization uses liquid chemicals and requires an OSHA Safety Data Sheet on the solution used?

cold sterilization

Which are placed inside sterile packages and change color when exposed to pressure, temperature, and time?

dosage indicators

Autoclaves and chemical vapor sterilization utilize a different spore than which sterilization?

dry heat

Which type of sterilization functions by heating up air and moving that heat from the air to the instruments?

dry heat sterilization

Reporting a needle stick injury:

ensures the injured party is tested and tested appropriately

If an injured co-worker requests that you ignore the injury and not report it

explain that by reporting an injury, the co-worker will be protected and receive any necessary care at no cost.

Which is not a highly recommended method of sterilization because unwrapped instruments will no longer be sterile once they are removed from the sterilizer?

flash sterilization

To minimize contamination, which PPE should be removed first?

gloves

What are the three major components in chemical vapor sterilization?

pressure, time, temperature

Which are used to differentiate between sterile packages that have been processed and those that have not been processed?

process indicators

Which type of isolation is used with all patients?

standard precautions

Which type of sterilizer works in the same manner as an oven?

static air

Which is the most reliable and most used method of sterilization?

steam autoclave

What is a disadvantage of flash sterilization?

sterilization is compromised by air

After cleaning, which should be done to critical patient-care items before using again?

sterilize