MA Chapter 14 Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging

‭‭1 Peter‬ ‭1:13‬ ‭

"Therefore, preparing your minds for action, and being sober-minded, set your hope fully on the grace that will be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ."

What is a computed tomography also known as a C T scan?

A C T scan allows the radiologist to view the bones and organs of the head and body in fine detail and has been used most successfully in diagnostic studies of the brain, abdomen, and pelvis.

What does a C T scan use?

A C T scan uses minimal amounts of radiation.

What is a bone density scan?

A bone density scan is an enhanced form of X-ray technology that measures the bone mineral density of the human skeleton to detect bone loss.

What is a fracture?

A break in the bone

What is the instrument commonly used to view internal organs?

A fluoroscope.

What is the purpose of the special diet prior to a guaiac slide test?

A high fiber diet is used because it encourages bleeding from lesions that may bleed only occasionally. Fiber adds bulk which promotes bowel elimination and ensures adequate specimen collection.

What is anaphylactic shock?

A life-threatening allergic reaction.

What is a nuclear cardiac stress test?

A nuclear cardiac stress test is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the cardiovascular health of individuals with known heart disease.

What is partial thickness burn?

A partial thickness burn involves the epidermis and extends into the underlying tissues. Appears red, molted and blistered.

What is emphysema?

A progressive lung disorder in which the terminal bronchioles that lead into the alveoli become plugged with mucus.

What is I V P helpful in diagnosing?

An I V P is used to assist in the diagnose of kidney stones, blockage or narrowing of the urinary tract, and growths within or near the urinary system.

What is a closed wound?

An injury to the underlying tissues of the body without a break in the skin surface or mucous membrane, for example a contusion or bruise.

What is an open wound?

An open wound is a break in the skin surface or mucous membrane that exposes the underlying tissues for example an incision, laceration puncture and abrasion.

What standing positions are commonly used for x-rays?

Anteroposterior and Posteroanterior.

What is the characteristics of the prostate?

Approximately the size and shape of a walnut and is soft and surrounds the urethra and is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum.

What are the parts of the colon?

Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?

Bleeding from the rectum, blood in the stool, a change in the shape of the stool, a change in bowel habits, general abdominal

What are the most common nuclear medicine procedures?

Bone scans, nuclear cardiac stress test, gallbladder's procedures, thyroid studies, brain scans, lung scans, and liver procedures.

What parts is the large intestine divided into?

Cecum, colon and rectum

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in individuals older than 50 years of age.

How is contrast medium administered?

Contrast media are administered through various routes. Some are administered orally, other are injected into a vein or are delivered through an IV line or an enema.

What happens with discovery of occult blood?

Does not always mean that a patient has colorectal cancer, however will warrant for further diagnostic procedures such as a colonoscopy.

What is cardiogenic shock?

Failure of the heart to pump blood adequately to all the body vitals organs.

What body part is more serious for frost bite?

Frostbite commonly affects the hands, fingers, feet, toes, ears, nose and cheeks.

What conditions can indicate blood in the stool?

Gastrointestinal conditions including hemorrhoids, diverticulitis, polyps, colitis, upper gastrointestinal ulcers, colorectal cancer, anal fissures, ulcerative colitis, GERD, Crohn's disease.

What does blood in the stool look like?

Greater than 50 mL causes the stool to exhibit melena, meaning it is black or tar like. The dark color is the result of oxidation of the iron in the blood by intestinal and bacterial enzymes.

What diseases are commonly associated with nuclear cardiac stress test?

Heart disease, particularly coronary artery disease, also known as C A D, conditions of the brain and heart such as brain cancer.

What is occult blood?

Hidden or non visible blood is termed occult blood and its presence can be determined by testing the stool for blood.

What are the names of the different types of shock?

Hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, and psychogenic shock.

What is intravenous pyelography also known as I V P?

I V P is a radiograph of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

What are the advantages of digital x-rays?

Increased efficiency, cost savings and better patient care. Higher quality images and the ability to transfer the digital images electronically.

What is contrast medium?

Is used to make a particular structure visible on the radiograph and is usually radiopaque chemical compounds that cause the body tissue or organ to absorb more radiation.

What is nuclear medicine?

Nuclear medicine is an advanced diagnostic imaging procedure in which tiny bit of radioactive material is introduced into the patient.

What is neurogenic shock?

Occurs when the nervous system is unable to control the diameter of the blood vessels.

What is the purpose of performing a colonoscopy?

Often performed after a positive fecal occult test to determine the source and cause of the bleeding. Is also valuable for the early detection of symptomatic and asymptomatic colorectal cancer.

What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture?

Pain and tenderness, deformity, swelling and discoloration, loss of function of the body part and numbness and tingling.

Who is at risk for osteoporosis?

Postmenopausal women.

What is the other name for x-rays?

Radiograph.

Define shock.

Shock is defined as the failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough blood to all of the body's vital organs.

Which animals more commonly have rabies?

Skunks, bats, raccoons, cats, dogs, cattle and foxes.

At what age group is more prone to getting testicular cancer?

Testicular cancer can develop at at any age but is most common in males 15 to 34 years old.

What is a Prostate Specific Antigen Test also known as P S A?

The PSA is a screening test that measures the amount of PSA in the blood. PSA is a protein normally produced by the cells of the membrane that covers the prostate gland.

What spider bites are the most dangerous?

The black widow and the brown recluse spider.

What is a spiral fracture?

The bone is broken into a spiral or s shaped, usually caused by a twisting force.

What is a comminuted fracture?

The bone is splintered or shattered into three or more fragments, usually caused by an extremely traumatic direct force.

What is a greenstick fracture?

The bone remains intact on one side but broken on the other. Common in children whose bones are more flexible than those of adults.

What is an oblique fracture?

The break occurs diagonally across the bone, generally the result of a twisting force.

What is a transverse fracture?

The break occurs perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.

What is an impacted fracture?

The broken end of the bones are forcefully jammed together.

What is the colon?

The colon makes up most of the large intestine and is divided into four sections.

What is the cecum?

The first part of the large intestine, which consists of a blind pouch to which the appendix is attached.

What are signs of testicular cancer?

The most common sign is a small, hard, painless lump located on the front or side of the testicle.

What is the name of the radioactive material used?

The name of the radioactive material used in nuclear medicine is known as radiopharmaceutical.

What is the normal range for a PSA?

The normal range for PSA is 0 to 4 ng/mL of blood.

What patient preparation is needed for a guaiac slide test?

The patient must follow a special diet three days before the test and is placed on a high fiber, meat free diet.

What is the physician looking for during a colonoscopy?

The physician carefully observes for abnormalities, abnormal lesions or suspicious looking polyp.

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

The primary function of the large intestine include absorption of water and preparation of fecal material for elimination.

What is the purpose of the prostate?

The purpose of the prostate is to secrete fluid that transports sperm

What appears during upper G I?

The upper digestive tract and could be helpful in the diagnose of disorders of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and small intestine, hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer, benign and malignant tumors.

What is a sigmoidoscopy?

The visual examination of the mucosa of the rectum and the lower third of the colon using a flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope.

What is a colonoscopy?

The visualization examination of the mucosa of the rectum and the entire length of the colon using a flexible fiberoptic colonoscope.

What is psychogenic shock?

Unpleasant physical or emotional stimuli, such as pain frights and the sight of blood.

What position is a patient placed in for a sigmoidoscopy?

When the sigmoidoscopy is performed, the patient is placed on the left side in the sims position.

Who discovered x-rays?

Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen, a German physicist discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895.

What is hypovolemic shock?

loss of too much blood/fluid in the body

What is a mammogram?

x-ray of the breast used to detect many forms of breast disease and or cancers. It is also used to monitor the effects of surgery and radiation therapy on breast tumors.