Macroeconomic Final
One an economic model is constructed around certain assumptions, it can be tested to determine its value in
predicting outcomes
In order to satisfy as many wants as possible, it is necessary to achieve ALLOCATIVE efficiency,
since otherwise output may go to where it is less valued
When inflation begins to climb to unacceptable levels in the economy, the government should
use contractionary fiscal policy to shift aggregate demand to the left.
Normative statements are based upon
value judgements
The main reason price ceilings are set is so that consumer prices
will be lower
If Nominal GDP = $2.5 trillion and the GDP deflator is 125, then real GDP is equal to:
$2 trillion
Which of the following statements is aligned with Say's Law during a recession?
An effective stimulant for a recessionary economy is providing subsidies for investors
An increase in aggregate demand (AD) can cause
An expansion in the economy
In order to increase the level of aggregate demand in the economy, the government can use _________________ in the form of _______________ .
An expansionary fiscal policy; an increase in government speding
If a macroeconomy has the money supply and aggregate demand increased by the Central Bank, what monetary policy is the Central Bank following?
An expansionary monetary policy
Which of the following is NOT an example of an expansionary, discretionary fiscal policy?
An increase in tax rates
If an economy moves into a recession period, examples of fiscal policies that act as automatic stabilizers include
An increase in transfer payments or social spending, such as unemployment benefits.
Argentina can produce 150 pounds of beef or 20 cars; in contrast the United States can produce 90 Pounds of beef or 80 cars. Which country has the absolute advantage in producing beef?
Argentina
Guatemala produces an excess supply of coffee but has consumers demanding electronics. Mexico generates a large supply of electronics but its market demands more coffee. What would happen if both countries traded?
Assist both countries in reducing excess supply and satisfying market demand.
Economists would say that the decisions we make are influence by
Trade-offs
The United States will have a trade deficit in which of the following scenarios?
U.S. imports are greater than U.S. exports
Around the world oil is priced consistently in United States dollars. In economic terms this is an example of:
Units of account
Demand deposits are considered a(n) ______________ to a bank.
Liability
The neoclassical model focuses more on long-term fluctuations by business cycles and also
Long-run determinants of output and employment
What might shift aggregate demand?
Loss of business confidence
_______________ allows a country to seize the market opportunity and trade with other countries which have easier production and lower cost of certain goods in its marketplace.
Lower opportunity cost
If the Fed ultimately wants to lower interest rates in the economy, then it should
Lower the discount rate
A bill was introduced into congress last year suggesting changes to the income tax code. Congress now passed this new tax reform act in the last session and over the next few years the new laws will begin to impact the nation. This is an example of what type of policy?
Macroeconomic fiscal policy
The additional benefit that one more unit of something will provide is known as
Marginal benefit
Which model is known to do a good job explaining long-term economic growth?
Neoclassical
What is one of the reasons nations trade with each other?
No country can create or produce everything it's citizens desire
What is one of the reasons nations trade with each other?
No country can create or produce everything its citizens desire
The U.S. has been imports baby toys from China, but this year kids are getting sick from these toys. After testing the toys high dosages of lead are found in the paint used in these toys. The U.S. government now bans the import of these baby toys from China until they are deemed safe again. This is an example of a
Nontariff barrier
GDP includes
Only final goods to avoid double counting when including intermediate goods
A budget constraint model differs from production possibilities model in that, typically
Only the production possibilities model demonstrates diminishing returns
In the case of a negative relationship between two variables, all else remaining constant
The value of the two variables will move in the opposite directions from each other
During the winter of 2014/2015 oil prices dropped by a large percentage compared to the summer of 2014. By March 2015, what changed?
There was a shift to the right in the aggregate supply curve
An increase in aggregate demand (AD) can cause
an expansion in the economy
A combination of clothing and cell phones that would meet the allocative efficiency would be:
any combination on the production possibilities frontier that brings the highest level of satisfaction to the people in the economy
An expansionary fiscal policy can increase the level of aggregate demand by all of the following EXCEPT:
Decreasing government purchases
Which of the following actions by the Fed will increase the money supply?
Decreasing the reserve requirement and buying bonds
The government decides to increase its spending by $6 billion. Over time the real GDP increased by $9 billion. The expenditure multiplier is ______________ 1.5.
Equal to
What is true about the expenditure multiplier?
GDP changes when the aggregate expenditure changes
Since the change in GDP is a greater change than in the expenditure model the multiplier has a value ________________.
Greater than one
Throughout human history, economic growth
Has brought about substantial gains in incomes and standards of living in many countries
In calculating GDP, which component of spending must be subtracted from the total spending?
Import
Assuming that Brazil can produce 100 pounds of beef or 10 autos and the United States can produce 40 pounds of beef or 30 autos, what is the opportunity cost of producing one pound of beef in Brazil?
1/10 of an auto
Because of limited money, time, and effort, we are best off when we allocate different things
By constantly assessing the opportunity costs of our choices
If government spending increases by $4 billion and real GDP increases by $8 billion, the expenditure multiplier must be ______________.
2.0
If the MPC is 75%, what is the spending multiplier?
4
While the U.S. unemployment rate fluctuates over time, it normally returns to a long-run average somewhere between
4% and 6%
Two countries are trying to decide which product should have an increased production. Both Canada and Costa Rica produce coffee and corn, but it is easier for Canada to raise corn than grow coffee. Costa Rica easily grows coffee, but has a more difficult time growing corn. In comparison with Canada, Costa Rica has
A comparative advantage with coffee
Compare the following answers and select the one which is correct when it comes to comparative and absolute advantage.
A country producing a lower opportunity cost than other nations has comparative advantage with those products
Compare the following answers and select the one which is correct when it comes to comparative and absolute advantage
A country producing products at a lower opportunity cost than other nations has comparative advantage with those products
Compare the following answers and select the one which is correct when it comes to comparative and absolute advantage.
A country producing products at a lower opportunity cost than other nations has comparative advantage with those products.
Overall, free trade results in
A decrease in price and an increase in quantity
Overall, free trade results in __________.
A decrease in price and an increase in quantity
An example of a bank asset is
A loan made out to a customer
House that Jamalla inherited from her mother can rent for $2000/month, but Jamalla decides to allow her brother to stay there for only half of that. This decision carried with it
A zero monetary cost but $1000 per month opportunity cost
Julia is an expert with lab experiments in her chemistry class. She is the fastest at reading and comprehending the experiment, setting up the equipment, conducting the experiment, writing notes, making observations, and in cleaning up an experiment. Julia has a(n) _______________ in chemistry experiments.
Absolute advantage
In the AS-AD model, cyclical unemployment occurs when
Actual GDP falls below potential real GDP in the equilibrium of the AD and short-run AS curves.
When comparing Keynes and neoclassical economics when it comes to an economy, what is the one area in which these two economies perspectives agree?
Aggregate demand is a useful tool for controlling inflation
Which of the following represents a real measurement?
Alex spends a third of his income on rent
Say that Aliceland can produce 32 units of food per person per year or 16 units of clothing per person per year, but Georgeland can produce 16 units of food per year or 8 units of clothing. Which of the following is true?
Aliceland has an absolute advantage, but not comparative advantage, in producing food.
Ghana produces cocoa for chocolate with less land and labor in comparison with all countries. If cocoa labor and cocoa land cost the same in every country, then Ghana has
An absolute advantage in cocoa production
What tool might the Fed use to boost the economy during a recession?
Buying government securities
Zenobia can manufacture 4 ships or 20 computers in a week. Meanwhile, in the neighboring country of Azarmidok, 10 ships or 12 computers are produced per week. Which country has the largest opportunity cost to produce a ship and what is the opportunity cost to that country?
Azarmidok; 5 computers
Which is inaccurate about banks' deposits?
Banks lend out all their deposits to earn income.
Why does the multiplier exist?
Because a change in expenditures leads to changes in income, which generates further spending.
A positive statement is
Can be shown to be correct or incorrect
A weakness of the Keynesian economic view is that it:
Can overlook the long-term causes of economic growth like the existing natural rate of unemployment even when the economy is at potential GDP.
Silver and gold are examples of what kind of money?
Commodity
Using the same resources, the country of Zanzibarus produces 12 million pounds of beef or 5 million pounds of pork. Zanzibarus has a(n) _____________ in beef in contrast with pork production.
Comparative advantage
Keynes Law says that demand creates its own supply. In the Keynesian zone of the short-run aggregate supply curve, how is the law supported?
Increasing aggregate demand changes prices relatively little, but does effectively increase aggregate outputs because of the excess capacity in the economy.
If an economy was in a recession and the government decided to use a supply side policy to address it, the government would most likely
Institute cutting taxes rather than increasing spending by the government
If an economy was in a recession and the government decided to use a supply side policy to address it, the government would most likely
Institute cutting taxes rather than increasing spending the government
Aggregate Demand (AD) is defined as C + I + G + (X - M). I refers to
Investment spending
Say's Law:
Is widely held to be more accurate in the long run rather than the short term
Which model is known to do a good job explaining recessions and the rise and fall of cyclical employment?
Keynesian
What is one of the cornerstones on which neoclassical economics is built?
Prices and wages will adjust in a flexible manner
The Federal Reserve's monetary policy tools include all the following EXCEPT
Printing money
The production possibilities model illustrates an inverse relationship between two goods or services because
Production of different types will compete for limited resources
An argument to promote research and development in technology is that it will
Promote economic growth in the long run
Protectionist policies are used by governments in order to
Protect domestic producers
investment, when calculating GDP, refers to the:
Purchase of new capital goods like real estate, equipment, and inventories ?
As interest rates rise, the effect on aggregate demand is to
Reduce consumer borrowing and consumption spending
A contractionary or tight monetary policy
Reduces borrowing
Former president ronald Reagan was a supporter of supply side economics. Supply side economists believe that
Reducing tax rates increases aggregate supply
Expansionary fiscal policy might include which of the following?
Reduction of taxes or increased government spending
A decrease in taxes will shift the AD curve to the _____________, while a decrease in government expenditure will shift the curve to the _________
Right; left
An example of a nontariff barrier would be
Safety standards
Every day, 500 airplanes in San Francisco incur an additional 30 minutes of airport delays when flying into or out of the airport. In Chicago, the delays amount to 15 minutes for 1,200 airplanes. If the price of time is $30/hour innSan Francisco and $20/hour in Chicago, which airport incurs the largest opportunity cost?
San Francisco
Real GDP can pass potential GDP but only in the
Short run
______________ are generally the results of price ceilings
Shortages
Society gains advantages through trade because of its ability to
Specialize resources to the uses where opportunity cost is minimized
What is excluded from the official calculation of the unemployment rate?
Students who are attending to school full time and not working
Imagine that a high school junior sold her old car at the end of the summer and now has the funds from the sale in her bank. She decides to purchase a much needed new automobile instead of saving that money to pay for her senior trip coming up next year. From an economist's perspective, which of the following statements about this decision is likely to be true?
The decision is rational in the sense that it reflects the junior's preference for a new automobile over a senior trip
Identify the normative statement
The federal government spends too much
________ is considered the market space that bring lenders and borrowers together.
The financial market
Suppose that there are only two types of output in a country: nuclear missiles and consumer goods. All else being constant, as the nation produces more missiles,
The greater the opportunity cost will be of satisfying consumer wants
According to Keynesian economics, when there is a increase in government purchases it causes a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the right by an amount equal to
The increase in government purchases times the expenditure multiplier
According to Keynesian economics, when there is a increase in government purchases it causes a shift in aggregate demand curve to the right by an amount equal to
The increase in government purchases times the expenditure multiplier.
Which is true about the expenditure multiplier effect?
The initial increase in spending has a larger impact on the economy than the initial cash infusion
Because of ________ if a city government decides to spend money on beautifying its downtown and attracting tourism to its city when no money has been devoted to those efforts before, then gains in tourism may be significant.
The law of diminishing returns
Which correctly describes the AD-AS model?
The price level is shown on the vertical axis
An increase in aggregate demand would cause
The price levels to rise
An increase in aggregate demand would cause
The price levels to rise.
Which topic below best applies to microeconomics?
The price that a farmer asks for her watermelons
The main reason price ceilings are set is so that consumer prices
Will be lower
When real GDP is less than potential GDP, the economy is experiencing
a GDP gap
In the AS-AD model, cyclical unemployment occurs when
actual GDP falls below potential real GDP in the equilibrium of the AD and short-run AS curves
