Macroeconomics Chapter 12

The immediate-short-run aggregate supply curve represents circumstances where:

both input and output prices are fixed.

In an effort to avoid recession, the government implements a tax rebate program, effectively cutting taxes for households. We would expect this to:

increase aggregate demand.

Other things equal, a reduction in personal and business taxes can be expected to:

increase both aggregate demand and aggregate supply.

The short-run aggregate supply curve represents circumstances where:

input prices are fixed, but output prices are flexible.

The economy's long-run aggregate supply curve:

is vertical.

Productivity measures:

real output per unit of input.

In the figure, AD1 and AS1 represent the original aggregate supply and demand curves and AD2 and AS2 show the new aggregate demand and supply curves. The change in aggregate supply from AS1 to AS2 could be caused by:

the increase in productivity.

Per-unit production cost is:

total input cost divided by units of output.

Answer the question on the basis of the following information. An economy is employing 2 units of capital, 5 units of raw materials, and 8 units of labor to produce its total output of 640 units. Each unit of capital costs $10; each unit of raw materials, $4; and each unit of labor, $3. Refer to the information. The per-unit cost of production in this economy is:

$0.10.

Suppose that technological advancements stimulate $20 billion in additional investment spending. If the MPC = .6, how much will the change in investment increase aggregate demand?

$50 billion.

Answer the question on the basis of the following information. An economy is employing 2 units of capital, 5 units of raw materials, and 8 units of labor to produce its total output of 640 units. Each unit of capital costs $10; each unit of raw materials, $4; and each unit of labor, $3. Refer to the information. If the per-unit price of raw materials rises from $4 to $8 and all else remains constant, the per-unit cost of production will rise by about:

30 percent.

In the diagram, the economy's immediate-short-run AS curve is line ______, its short-run AS curve is _____, and its long-run AS curve is line ______.

3; 2; 1

In the diagram, the economy's relevant aggregate demand and immediate-short-run aggregate supply curves, respectively, are lines:

4 and 3.

Which of the following would most likely reduce aggregate demand (shift the AD curve to the left)?

An appreciation of the U.S. dollar.