Major Quiz #1, PBHL 2663 Major Quiz #2 (Modules 6-8), PBHL 2663 Major Quiz #3 (Modules 9-12), Major Quiz #4 (Modules 13-15)

combining form that means brain

cerebr/o

urticaria

hives

increase in the number of malignant white blood cells

leukemia

white blood cells

leukocytes

white blood cells -

leukocytes, fight infection

Transverse plane

line that divides the body into upper and lower sections - cross-sectional view

study of tumors

oncology

Mrs. Thompson's spleen was lacerated during a car accident . the spleen is located in the

abdominal cavity

pathologist

specialist who performs autopsies and reads biopsies

the suffix that means surgical puncture to remove fluid is

-centesis

Ataxia

Condition of no muscle coordination

X-ray

A form of energy that travels in waves that can pass through some living tissue, but not through bone.

Preeclampsia

Condition during pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, hypertension, albuminuria, and edema

Emphysema

Condition in which alveoli lose their elasticity, become overinflated, and eventually rupture

Endometriosis

Condition in which inner uterus tissue grows in another abnormal location

Asphyxia

Condition in which one falls unconscious or dies due to oxygen deprivation

Hypothyroid

Condition in which the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone

-Osis

Condition of

Echocardiography

Diagnostic ultrasound that captures images of the heart

Lacrimal Gland

Gland underneath the upper eyelid that produces tears

Macro-

Large

Macrophage

Large phagocytic leukocyte that ingests foreign material

an exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substances

anaphylaxis

Thoracic cavity

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

Spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

Neuropathy

disease condition of the nerves

Recubent

lying down reclining

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine

polyuria

____ means lying on the back , its opposite position is ___

supine , prone

volvulus

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Lacrimal

Pertaining to tears

Myoneural

Pertaining to the muscle and nerve

Pharma-

Pharmcy, drugs, or medicine

Cancellous Bone Spaces

Spongy, more porous section that is found underneath the compact bones

Strab-

Squint

suffix meaning condition of urine is

-uria

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

ascites

murmur

extra heart sound

nose bleed

epistaxis

artificial kidney machine to remove wastes from the blood

hemodialysis

diabetes insipidus

inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of ADH

arthro-

joint

nephro-

kidney

nephrologist

kidney specialist

renal calculi

kidney stones

the functional organs of the urinary system that produce urine

kidneys

-asthenia

lack of strength

-plegia

paralysis

hormone that increases blood calcium

parathyroid hormone

rhythm like muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular structures

peristalsis

gastric

pertaining to the stomach

cell that ingests

phagocyte

Cerebrum

Area of the brain that coordinates volunray movement and balance

Thalamus

Area of the brain that relays impulses and maintains consciousness

Infarction

Area of tissue death due to hypoxia

-Emia

Blood condition

Hemothorax

Blood in the chest cavity

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

Blood test used to screen for prostate cancer

Angi-

Blood vessel

Cyan-

Blue

Ossi-

Bone

Oste-

Bone

Ventricles

Canals or spaces within the Cerebrum that contain cerebrospinal fluid

Leukemia

Cancer or condition of white blood cells

Osteoclast

Bone-destroying cells that help to absorb or digest bone tissue

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cells that help build a bony tissue

Mastoid

Bony process of the skull located just behind the ear

Encephal-

Brain

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and the Spinal Cord

Pulmonary Artery

Branching structure that leads to each lung and is the only artery with oxygen-poor blood

Dendrite

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information

Mammo-

Breast

Mast-

Breast

-Pnea

Breathing

Inspiration

Breathing in; Diaphragm contracts and moves downward; Increase in air pressure

Exhalation

Breathing out; Diaphram relaxes and moves upward; Decrease in pressure

Bronch-

Brochus

Exophthalmos

Buldging eyes

Caus-

Burn

Causalgia

Burning pain

Causalgia

Burning pain sensation

Squamous

Flat cells

Squamous Epithelium

Flat, scale-like layer of cells that makes up composed the Epidermis

Sarc-

Flesh or connective tissue

Sphygmomanometer

Instrument used to measure blood pressure

Manometer

Instrument used to measure pressure

Laparoscope

Instrument used to view the abdomen

Myelin Sheath

Insulating layer that covers the axon in order to increase nerve impulse delivery

Suture

Interlocking line of union between bones

Ischemia

Lack of blood supply

Aorta

Largest artery in the body that delivers oxygen-rich blood to all of the other arterial structures

Synapse

Junction at the end of a neuron in which the impulse must cross

Cardiovascular System

Made up of the heart and the body's vast network of vessels

Sperm

Male gamete cell

-Sperm

Male sex cell

Spermatozoan

Male sex cell

Testosterone

Male sex hormone

Androgen

Male sex hormone that promotes sex characteristics

Sarcoma

Malignant tumor of connective tissue

Carcinoma of the Prostate

Malignant tumor of the prostate

Multi-

Many

Poly-

Many

Adenoids

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Splenectomy

Surgical removal of the spleen

-Plasty

Surgical repair

-ectomy

Surigcal removal

Peri-

Surrounding or around

Pharynx

Throat

Auscultate

To listen

Auscultation

To listen to the body for diagnostic purposes

Mio-

To make smaller

Scab-

To scratch

-Mission

To send

-Crit

To separate or judge

Narco-

To sleep

-Optysis

To spit up

-Stasis

To stop or control

Hemostasis

To stop or control blood flow

located on top of kidneys

adrenal

widening of a blood vessel that can lead to hemorrhage and stroke weakening or ballooning of an arterial wall

aneurysm

a protein substance whose formation by lymphocytes is stimulated by the presence of antigens in the body

antibody

which x-ray tech. internal organs observed in motion on luminescent screen

fluoroscopy

x-rays are focused on a screen that glows

fluoroscopy

glyc/o

glucose, sugar

nerve pain , pain in a nerve

neuralgia

nervous exhaustion and weakness

neurasthenia

chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell ...

neurotransmitter

a-

no, not, without

deficiency of all cellular elements of the blood

pancytopenia

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

paraplegia

Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin

scabies

these produce sebum to lubricate....

sebaceous glands

CT scan (computed tomography)

takes x ray photos from different angles

flouroscopy

technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion

gastro-

stomach or abdomen

cholestasis

stoppage of bile flow

-stasis

stopping, controlling

arthrocentesis

surgical puncture of the joint space with a needle

nephrectomy

surgical removal of a kidney nephr/o= kidney

mastectomy

surgical removal of breast tissue

gastrectomy

surgical removal of part or all of the stomach Gastr/o= stomach The suffix -ectomy means incision or removal.

angioplasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel

mammoplasty

surgical repair of the breast

these produce sweat to cool the body....

sweat glands

Anaphylaxis

Severe allergic reaction

Pruritis

Severe itching of the skin

Gamete

Sex cell

Diaphysis

Shaft portion of a long bone

A-

Without

An-

Without

Amenorrhea

Without / absence of menstrual flow

Atrophy

Without development

Angiogram

X-ray image of a blood vessel

Pyelogram

X-ray image of the renal pelvis and urinary tract

Angiogram

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

Hysterosalpingography

X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

Anteroposterior

X-rays travel from a frontal source to a rear placed detector

anteriposterior

X-rays travel from a frontal source to a rear placed detector

Corpus Luteum

Yellow, fatty material that produces estrogen and progesterone

cirrhosis

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

Empyema

a collection of Pus in the pleural or body cavity

adenoma

a benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. (prefix- aden= gland, suffix- oma= tumor)

tetany

a condition that is due usually to hypocalcemia and is characterized by spasms of the hands and feet and cramps

Articulation

Joint

the combining form for side is

later/o

Lamin-

Lamina

Neurology

The study of the nervous system

Dermatology

The study of the skin

Gynecology

The study of women

Apex

The tip of an organ

subungual

under the nail

Laparo-

Abdomen or abdominal wall

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Cranial, Spinal, and Autonomic nerves

Strabismus

Crossed eyes; Defect in eye muscles so that both eyes don't focus on the same point

Scoli-

Curved or crooked

Cartilage Disc

Cushion for in between vertebrae bones

Fluoroscopy

Technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion

Placenta

Temporary organ that joins the mother and fetus to exchange nutrients and wastes

Orchi/o

Testicle or testes

Rheumatology

The study of rheumatic illnesses

Interventional Radiology

The use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy or positioning of catheters

Semen

Thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions

Myocardium

Thick middle musclar muscle layer of the heart

Keloid

Thick scar made of collagen rather than connective tissue

Amnion

Thin membrane sac that encloses the fetus during pregnancy

-Dipsia

Thirst

Supination

Turning the palms upward / FORWARD

Retroversion

Turning the uterus backward

Venae Cavae

Two large venous structures of the heart that receive oxygen-poor blood

Tympan-

Tympanic membrane or eardrum

Natural Immunity

Type of immunity protection that one is born with such as phagocytic activity within the blood cells

Echocardiography

Ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart

Narcolepsy

Uncontrollable sleep attacks

Sub-

Under

Subungual

Under the nail

Subcutaneous

Under the skin

Hypothyroidism

Underactivity of the thyroid gland

Anisocoria

Unequal pupils

Stem Cells

Unspecialized and undifferentiated cells that can mature into any cell type

Epi-

Upon

Epidural

Upon the dura

Superior Vena Cava

Upper Vena Cava that returns blood back to the heart from the upper portions of the body

Atria

Upper chambers of the heart

-Uria

Urine condition

Metr-

Uterus

Metr/o

Uterus

Hyster-

Uterus or womb

Tricuspid Valve

Valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle that has three cusps

Hypoglycemia

abnormally low level of sugar in the blood

hyper-

above

epi-

above, upon

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

apnea

absence of spontaneous breathing

ion

action or process

protein in the urine

albuminuria

a state of abnormal hypersensitivity acquired through exposure to a particular substance:

allergy

a state of abnormal hypersensitivity acquired through exposure to a particular....

allergy

pertaining to the head

cephalic

neurotransmitter

chemical messenger

gallbladder

cholecyst /o

Psoriasis

chronic skin condition characterized by frequent episodes of redness, itching, and thick, dry scales on the skin

atresia

closure where an opening should be

throb/o

clot

epidural hematoma

collection of blood above / upon the dura mater

profuse sweating

diaphoresis

dysphagia

difficult or painful swallowing

a ____ is an intervertebral structure

disc

neuropathy

disease condition of the nerves

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle

the femur ( thigh bone ) joins the knee at the ___ end

distal

increased or excessive production of urine

diuresis

Sagittal plane

divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides

thyroid gland

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

-megaly

enlargement

cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

hepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland

White blood cell with red granules

eosinophil

the prefix that means above or upon

epi -

sperm maturation site

epididymis

chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

epilepsy

incision made through the skin of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice

episiotomy

this type of cell contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen:

erythrocyte

hyperthyroidism

excessive activity of the thyroid gland. Symptoms such as increased heart rate, weight loss, and insomnia occur.

polyphagia

excessive hunger

polyuria

excessive production of urine

polydipsia

excessive thirst as a symptom of disease

the exchange of air between the outside environment and the capillaries of the lungs is called

external respiration

murmur

extra hear sound

ophthalmo-

eye

supine

face up

unilateral

pertaining to one side

cerebral

pertaining to the cerebrum (largest part of the brain) the suffix -al means pertaining to

cephalic

pertaining to the head

Lateral

pertaining to the side of the body

Placental Implantation over cervical opening or the lower region of uterine wall

placenta previa

medical term for afterbirth

placental expulsion

Placenta Previa

placental implantation over cervical opening or the lower region of the uterine wall Condition in which the placenta precedes the baby

surgical repair of a blood vessel is an angio __

plasty

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

pleura

fluid present in membranes provides...

pleural fluid

etiology

the study of the cause of illness

interventional radiology

the use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy or positioning of catheters

cystoscopy

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope cyst = containing fluid) cystoscopy the suffix -scopy is a complex suffix that includes the root scop, meaning visual examination, and the final suffix -y, meaning process.

keloid

thickened scar

Thrombocyte

thromb/o= clot, aka platelets- help clot blood -osis= condition/clot formation

a blood clotting cell

thrombocyte

platelet or cell that helps clot the blood

thrombocyte

destruction of a blood clot

thrombolysis

percutaneous

through the skin

blister

vesicle

angi/o

vessel

hematemesis

vomiting blood

rheumat/o

watery flow

hemiparesis

weakness partial paralysis of one half of the body, left or right

a smooth, slightly raised edematous area that is redder or paler than surrounding skin

wheal

mosquito bite

wheal

Leukocyte

white blood cell leuk/o= white, -cyte= cell fights disease

aneurism

widening of a blood vessel

aphasia

without / no speech

gyneco-

woman

angiography

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

pyelography

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and urinary tract

hysterosalpingography

x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

radio-

x-rays

Calc-

Calcium

Adipo-

Fat

Anterior

Front

Eu-

Good or normal

Kera-

Horn or hardness

Em-

In

Aplastic

Inability to be molded or develop

Em-

Into

Viv-

Life or alive

Aphasia

Loss of speech

Lymphaden-

Lymph node

Parathyroid

Meaning near or beside the thyroid

Lact-

Milk

Myo-

Muscle

-Taxia

Muscle coordination

Myometrium

Muscular middle layer of the uterus

Neo-

New

Tomography

Process of recording slices or cuts

-Oxysm

Sudden

Ana-

Up or apart

Albin-

White

retroperitoneal

behind the abdomen

aden/o

gland

produces pigment in skin

melanocyte

the suffix - stomy

new opening

immun/o

protection

-oid

resembling

-plasty

surgical repair

pertaining to internal organs

visceral

arhroscopy

visual examination of the joint

twisting of intestines

volvulus

the suffix meaning pertaining to producing is

- genic

the opposite of - sclerosis is

- malacia

suffix that means drooping

- ptosis

HEMOglobin is the protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen

----globin

abnormal condition of cells

-cytosis

one who specializes in

-ist

which suffix means disease condition

-pathy pathy

hardening

-sclerosis

Cranial Nerves

12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses between the brain, head, and neck

Spinal Nerves

31 pairs of nerves that carry impulses between the spinal cord and the chest, abdomen, and the extremities

Menstrual Cycle

A 28-day cycle of reproductive activity experienced by females

Fractures

A break or crack in the bone or cartilage

Embryo

A fetus at the earliest age of development

Seminiferous Tubules

A mass of coiled tubing that produces sperm found within the testicles

Rheumatism

A painful condition involving the joints and muscles

Albino

A person with albinism

Karyotype

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

Bed Sore

A pressured skin ucler that come from lying in one position for too long that there is compromised skin circulation

Petechia

A small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin

Rheumatologist

A specialist in Rheumatology

Periosteum

A strong membrane that covers the surface of a long bone

gastrotomy

A surgical incision into the stomach (gastr/o means stomach.) The suffix -tomy is another complex suffix, which contains the root tom, meaning to cut, and the final suffix -y, meaning process of.

Agranulocyte

A white blood cell without granules in the cytoplasm

Multipara

A woman who has had two or more pregnancies

Orthopnea

Ability to breathe easily in an upright position

-Plastic

Able to be molded or altered

Lordosis

Abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (Sway-back Condition)

Hydrocephalus

Abnormal build up of CSF in the brain

Scoliosis

Abnormal condition of a crooked and curved spine

Cyanosis

Abnormal condition of blue

Anisocytosis

Abnormal condition of cells of unequal size

Ichthyosis

Abnormal condition of dry, scaly skin scaly , dry skin

Microcytosis

Abnormal condition of small cells red blood cells that are smaller than normal

Rhonci

Abnormal course rattling sound in the lungs

Rales

Abnormal crackling or clicking sound in the lungs heard during respiration

Murmur

Abnormal heart sound

Herniation

Abnormal protrusion of tissue through an opening

-Malacia

Abnormal softening

Osteomalacia

Abnormal softening of the bone

Xerosis

Abnormally dry skin

Hypercalcemia

Abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood

Hypocalcemia

Abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

Apnea

Absence of breathing

Azoospermia

Absence of sperm in the semen no sperm found in the semen

Hemianopsia

Absence of vision in half of the visual field

Pneumonia

Acute infection and/or inflammation of the alveoli

Apical

Adjective referring to the apex

Adrena-

Adrenal gland

Epinephrine

Adrenaline; Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure in times of stress

Re-

Again

Anti-

Against or opposing

Monocyte

Agranulocytic leukocyte that has a kidney-shaped nucleus that is phagocytic and helps remove debris

Pneumothorax

Air in the chest outside of the lung

Alveoli

Air sacs in the lungs: Emphysema primarily affects which lung structure?

Pan-

All

Pan-

All or entire

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from the lungs

Emphysema

Alveolar walls lose their elasticity and become overinflated

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. The suffix -gram means record. Abbreviated ECG

Aneurysm

An excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall

Hilum

An indentation on the surface of an organ where nerves, ducts, etc leave and enter

Neuron

An individual nerve cell

Hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

-Philia

Attraction to

Aplastic Anemia

Anemia due to the bone marrow's failure to produce rbcs, wbcs, and platelets

Lymphocyte

Angranulocytic leukocyte cell with rounded nucleui that directly attacks invaders and produces antibodies which help to neutralize foreign antigens

Zoo-

Animal or life

Anter-

Anterior

Anticoagulant

Anti-clotting

Heparin

Anticoagulant medication

Cytotoxic T Cells

Antigen-specific lymphocyte that is able to search out and kill invaders; "Killer T Cells"

temporary absence of breathing

Apnea

APGAR Abbreviation

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration

Hypothalamus

Area of the brain that controls emotions, sleep, appetite, and sexual desire

Ligament

Attaches bone to bone

Tendon

Attaches muscle to bone connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

Graves' Disease

Autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism and where your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs

Myasthenia Gravis

Autoimmune neuromuscuolar disorder of muscle fatigue and exhaustion

Ab-

Away from

Hem-

Blood

Dorsi-

Back

Posterior

Back

Hind-

Back or rear

Dorsiflexion

Backward flexion or bending backward

Impetigo

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions

Alopec-

Baldness

Alopecia

Baldness or hair loss

Hema-

Blood

Decubitus Ulcer

Bed sore

Pre-

Before

Paroxysmal

Beginning suddenly or abruptly

Retro-

Behind or backward

Hypo-

Below

Refraction

Bending of light that takes place in the eye

Flexion

Bending of/ at a joint

Lipoma

Benign fatty tumor

Fibroids

Benign tumors of the uterus

Lordo-

Bent fowards

Para-

Beside

Para-

Beside or beyond

Para-

Beside or near

Inter-

Between

Ultra-

Beyond or excess

Mitral Valve

Bicuspid Valve that has two cusps that direct bloodflow

Metrorrhagia

Bleeding between menstrual periods

Myel-

Bone marrow

Myelo-

Bone marrow

Myel-

Bone marrow or spinal cord

Melanocyte

Cell that produces melanin

-Phoresis

Carrying or transmission

Epiglottis

Cartilage flap that prevents food from going into the respiratory tract

pathogenic

Causing or able to cause disease path/o= disease

-Cyte

Cell

Target Issue

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Platelet (Thrombocyte)

Cells that clump together at the side of the vascular injury to initiate the clotting

Hormone

Chemical messenger that controls and regulates organ and cell activity

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messengers that transmit impulses across synapses

-thorax

Chest or pleural cavity

Parturit-

Childbirth or labor

Myasthenia Gravis

Chronic autoimmune neuromuscuolar disorder of muscle fatigue and exhaustion

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic inflammatory condition where causes swelling, joint pain, and stiffness

Epilepsy

Chronic neurological order characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Lymph

Clear fluid that flows through the lymphatic vessels and through lymph nodes

Serum

Clear liquid that can be separated from clotted blood

Cornea

Clear transparent tissue covering anterior portion of the eyeball - Light first enters the eye through a trans....

Thromb/o

Clot

Thrombo-

Clot

Cataract

Clouded lens causing decreased and blurred vision

Alveolus

Clusters of tiny air-sacs found at the end of bronchioles

Epididymis

Coiled tube attached to the testis that stores spermatozoa until maturation

Cochlea

Coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Atelectasis

Collapsed lung

Ear

Collects sound waves and then passes them along

-Chrom

Color or pigment

Cardiac Cycle

Completed movement of blood throughout the heart

-ia

Condition

-ism

Condition

Thyrotoxicosis

Condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

Tetany

Condition due to hypocalcemia and is characterized by spasms of the hands and feet and cramps

-osis

Condition of

Arrhythmia

Condition of an abnormal heart rhythm

Hypogonadism

Condition of decreased gonadal hormone production

Panhypopituitarism

Condition of deficiency of all pituitary hormone secretion

Glycosuria

Condition of glucose in the blood

Cryptorchism

Condition of hidden testicles

Spina Bifida

Congenital defect in the spinal column due to an imperfect union of vertebral parts

Albinism

Congenital hereditary condition where there is partial or total lack of melanin in the eyes, skin, and hair

Brain Stem

Consists of the pons and the medulla oblongata

Scabies

Contagious skin disease that is caused by a human itch mite that burrows under the skin

Purulent

Containing pus

Joint Cavity

Contains synovial fluid

Cell Body of a Neuron

Contains the neuron's nucleus and organelles

Crepitus

Crackling or grating sound heard that is usually heard in the bones when ends of bones rub against each other

Wernicke's Area

Controls speech comprehnsion

Broca's Area

Controls speech production

right sided heart failure; occurs...

Cor pulmonale

Vitilig-

Corrupt

Burn

Damage to the skin tissue through heat contact

Third Degree Burn

Damages and penetration to the epidermis, dermis, and the subcutaneous layer

Second Degree Burn

Damages to the epidermis and the dermis where there is redness and blisters

First Degree Burn

Damages to the epidermis where there is only redness

Melan-

Dark or black

-Penia

Decrease or deficiency

Astigmatism

Defective curvature of the cornea... Visual defect caused by the unequal curving of one or more of the refractive surfaces of the eye, the cornea

Pancytopenia

Deficiency of all blood cell types deficiency of all cellular elements of the blood

Hypoinsulinism

Deficiency of insulin secretion

Hypokalemia

Deficiency of potassium in the blood

Hyponatremia

Deficiency of sodium in the blood

Thrombocytopenia

Deficiency of thrombocytes decreased number of platelets

Leukopenia

Deficiency of white blood cells

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative disease where there is inflammation of the bone and joint

Veins

Delivers oxygen-poor back to the heart

Afterbirth

Delivery of the placenta

-Lysis

Destruction

Thrombolysis

Destruction of a clot

Hemolysis

Destruction or separation of blood

Ultrasonography

Diagnostic imaging that uses the echo of inaudible sound waves to produce an image

Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture)

Diagnostic procedure where a needle punctures the spinal cord in order to remove CSF

T-Cell Lymphocyte

Directly attacks foreign elements

Remission

Disappearance of the signs and symptoms of a disease

-Pathy

Disease

Osteoporosis

Disease in which the bones become thin and weakened

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Disease of having numerous small cysts in the breast tissue

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart muscle

Lymphadenopathy

Disease of the lymph nodes

Neuropathy

Disease of the nerves

-Pathy

Disease or condition

Lobe

Divided section of the lungs

Frontal plane

Divides the body into front and back portions

Heart Septum

Dividing wall of the heart between the left and right side

Septum

Dividing wall or enclosure

Dipl-

Double

Diplopia

Double vision

Pleura

Double-folded membrane that surrounds each lung

pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

De-

Down

Radiopharmaceutical

Drug that contains a radioactive substance which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned

Sympathomimetic

Drug that mimics the Sympathetic Nervous System

Xero-

Dry or dryness

Ichthy/o

Dry or scaly

Ambly-

Dull or dim

Auri-

Ear

Ot-

Ear

Tympanic Membrane

Eardrum

Ov-

Egg

Ejaculation

Ejection of sperm through the urethra

Electr-

Electrical

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

Thyroid Gland

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Mydriasis

Enlarged or dilated pupils

Splenomegaly

Enlarged spleen

-Megaly

Enlargement

Cardiomegaly

Enlargement of the heart

Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

-Megaly

Enlargment

Adrenaline

Epinephrine; Secreted by the adrenal medulla

Endothelium

Epithelial tissue that lines closed, internal spaces

Is-

Equal

is-

Equal

iso-

Equal

-is

Equal or same

APGAR

Evaluation of an infant's physcial condition

Hypersensitivity

Exaggerated abnormal reaction to an allergen

Pap Smear

Examination of cervical cells

Hyper-

Excessive

Hyperthyroidism

Excessive activity of the thyroid gland

Hemophilia

Excessive bleeding caused by a congenital lack of clotting factors

Hirsutism

Excessive body hair growth

Miosis

Excessive constriction of the pupil

-Rrhagia

Excessive flow

hirsutism

Excessive hair growth on the face, arms, and legs, especially in women.

Hyperkinesis

Excessive increased movement

Menorrhagia

Excessive menstrual flow

Hyperkinesis

Excessive movement and activity

Kyphosis

Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing the hunchback posterior curve in the thoracic region

Diaphoresis

Excessive sweating

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst

External Respiration

Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

Auricle

External flap portion of the ear

Ophthalm-

Eye

Syncope

Fainting; Partial or complete loss of consciousness

Salping-

Fallopian tube

Hyperopia

Farsightedness

Lip-

Fat

Adipose

Fat cells that help to insulate the body and protection for organs in certain areas

Ather-

Fatty plaque

-Phobia

Fear of

Gynec/o

Female

Ovum

Female sex cell or egg

Estrogen

Female sex hormone that promotes secondary sex characteristic development

Amni-

Fetal membrane

Olig/o

Few / Scanty

Fibr-

Fiber or filament

Primi-

First

Primigravida

First pregnancy. A woman who is pregnant for the first time

-Plexy

Fixation

Orchioplexy

Fixation of an undescended testicle

-Rrhea

Flow

-Rrhoid

Flow

Rhinorrhea

Flow from the nose or a runny nose

Otopyorrhea

Flow of pus from the ear

Pleural Fluid

Fluid between present in pleural membranes that provide lubrication for all lung movement

Interstitial Fluid

Fluid found in the space between cells

Synovial Fluid

Fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates the joint and reduces friction

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that serve as a shock absorber

Humor

Fluid that maintains the shape of the eyeball

Bursa

Fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between body tissues

Fluor-

Fluorine

Antigen

Foreign substance that triggers antibody production

Prepuce

Foreskin of the penis

Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot inside of a blood vessel

Cells

Formed elements that make up the blood

Quadr-

Four

Synovial Joints

Freely moveable joints

Posteroanterior

From back to front

Heart

Functional organ of the cardiovascular system that pumps blood throughout the body

Skin

Functional organ of the integumentary system that serves as a protective barrier, regulates body temperature, and receives sensory informations

Internal Respiration

Gas exchange between the cells and body

Aden-

Gland

Vitro

Glass or test tube

Interleukins

Glycoproteins produced by leukocytes for regulating immune responses

Basophil

Granulocytic leukocyte that has dark granules in the cytoplasm that contain histamine

Neutrophil

Granulocytic leukocyte with pinkish granules that carry out phagoctyosis to engulf and destroy bacteria

Eosinophil

Granulocytic leukocyte with reddish granules that are responsive in allergic reactions and during parasitic infections white blood cell with red granules

Glauc-

Gray

Hemi-

Half

Compact Bone

Hard, dense portion of the bone that is found under the periosteum that contains blood vessels and canals running through it

-Sclerosis

Hardening

Cephal-

Head or brain

Cardi-

Heart

Cor

Heart

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Heart attack

Systole

Heart contraction phase

Cor Pulmonale

Heart enlargement due to high resistance within the lung or pulmonary vessels

Corono-

Heart or to crown

Diastole

Heart relaxation phase

an anticoagulant found in the blood

Heparin

Muscular Dystrophy

Hereditary disease in where there is progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal and voluntary muscles

Crypt/o

Hidden or covered

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar

Urticaria

Hives; Raised, itchy areas usually caused by allergic reactions

Progesterone

Hormone produced by the ovaries for the maintenance of the endometrium during pregnancy

Insulin

Hormone produced by the pancreas that allows transportation of glucose

Prolactin

Hormone produced in the pituitary gland that promotes breast milk during pregnancy

Testosterone (Androgen)

Hormone produced in the testicles

Oxytocin

Hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor

Aldosterone

Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the body

Testicles

Housed in the scrotal sac outside of the abdominal cavity where the temperature is cooler to aid in sperm maturation

Kyph-

Humpback

Allergy

Hypersensitivity to a substance by the immune system

Sonogram

Image formed using reflected ultrasound waves

Myelography

Image of the spinal cord and nerve roots

Tracer Study

Image that traces the passage of a radiopharmaceutical through an organ or tissue

Nuclear Medicine

Imaging that uses radioactive substances for the diagnosis of disease

Megakaryocyte

Immature bone marrow cell that matures into a platelet

Myeloblast

Immature cell in the bone marrow

-Blast

Immature cell or bud

Sutures

Immovable joints found into the cranium

Immuno-

Immune or immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunity to a specific antigen when lymphocytes respond to exposure and then produce antibodies for that antigen

Antibody

Immunoglobulin produced in response to counter a specific antigen

Presbyopia

Impairment of vision as a result of old age

Im-

In

In-

In

In Vitro

In a test tube; Procedure in which something is measured or observed outside the living organism

Red Bone Marrow

In select spaces of cancellous bones and produces blood cells

In Vivo

In the living organism

Analgesia

Inability to feel pain

Nearsighted

Inability to focus on distant objects

Farsighted

Inability to focus on nearby objects

Hyperplasia

Increase in cell number

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure resulting in retina and optic nerve damage

Mononucleosis

Infectious disease in which there is an increase of monocytes

below another structure

Inferior ( caudal )

-Itis

Inflammation

-itis

Inflammation

Arthritis

Inflammation of a joint

Thrombophlebitis

Inflammation of a vein that occurs with clot formation

Polymyositis

Inflammation of many muscles

Polyneuritis

Inflammation of many nerves

Myositis

Inflammation of muscle tissue

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain

Mastitis

Inflammation of the breast

Otitis

Inflammation of the ear

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the endocardium

Mastoiditis

Inflammation of the mastoid process

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges

Otitis Media

Inflammation of the middle ear

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium (membrane surrounding the heart)

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate

Eczema

Inflammatory skin disease with erythrematous papulovesicular lesions

Vaccinations

Injection of antigens to stimulate the body's immune response

Adrenal Medulla

Inner portion of the adrenal gland

Endocardium

Innerlining of the heart

Subcutaneous Layer

Innermost layer of the skin found underneath the dermis

Pia Matter

Innermost meningeal layer that lies next to the surface of the brain and the spinal cord

Endo-

Inside

Fibrin

Insoluble protein formed during normal blood clotting substance that forms the basis of a blood clot

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle within the heart

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscles that move the internal organs, blood vessels, and glandular ducts

Palpitations

Irregular and strong beating of the heart uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to irregular heart rhythm

Vertigo

Irregular whirling sensation of oneself or external objects

Psor-

Itch

Arthr-

Joint

Subarachnoid Space

Layer beneath the arachnoid membrane that contains cerebrospinal fluid

Dyslexia

Learning disability in which there is a difficulty in interpretting words

Vegetations

Lesions that form on the valves

Hypochromic

Less than normal color in rbc due to a deficiency in hemoglobin

Oligomenorrhea

Less than normal menstrual blood flow

B Cell Lymphocyte

Leukocytic lymphocyte that matures into plasma cells that produces antibodies and memory B cells

Photo-

Light

Plasma

Light-yellow liquid material that contains cells

Hep-

Liver

-Phil

Loving

Hypoxia

Low oxygen levels

Inferior Vena Cava

Lower Vena Cava that returns blood back to the heart from the lower portions of the body

Ventricles

Lower chambers of the heart

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Hindbrain

Lower part of the brainstem consisting of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

Pneum/o

Lung

Pulmo-

Lung

Lateral Decubitus

Lyding down on one's side

Decubit-

Lying down

Decubitus

Lying down

Prone

Lying face down

Supine

Lying face up

Lymph-

Lymph or water

Radiologic Technologist

Medical professional who perform the x-ray procedure underneath the supervision of a Radiologist

Blood

Medium that the body uses to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, proteins, and waste products

Menorrhea

Menstrual flow

Men-

Menstruation

Dermis

Middle layer of the skin that sits underneath the Epidermis

Lactation

Milk production

-Crasia

Mixture or blending

Electrocardiography

Monitors the conduction system of the heart and the corresponding changes in the myocardium during a heartbeat

Hyperpnea

More in depth breathing

-Kinesia

Movement

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline

Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline

Embolus

Moving blood clot

Sputum

Mucous material that is coughed up from the lungs

Conjunctiva

Mucous membrane lining the eyelids and the anterior eyeball

Myos-

Muscle

Diaphragm

Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

Myasthenia

Muscle weakness

Ungu-

Nail

-phys

Nature or growth

Myopia

Nearsightedness

Neur-

Nerve

Neuralgia

Nerve pain

Neurasthenia

Nerve weakness or exhaustion

Axon

Neuron extension that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

Nyct-

Night

Nyctalopia

Night blindness or difficult, poor vision at night.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Noncanerous enlargment of the prostate gland

Sinus Rhythm

Normal heart rhythm

Euthyroid

Normal thyroid

Rhin-

Nose

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Benign

Not cancerous

Scintigraphy

Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide

Nucle-

Nucleus

Seb-

Oil

Sebum

Oil substance produced by the sebaceous glands

Presby-

Old

Mono-

One or single

Endocrinologist

One who specializes in endocrine glands

Menarche

Onset of menstruation

Ulcer

Open sore

-Glottis

Opening between vocal cords

Spleen

Organ behind the stomach that helps remove old, worn-out erythrocytes and filters microorganisms and stores blood

Thymus

Organ located in the mediastinum that produces a thymic hormone that helps to produce T-Cell Lymphocytes

Brain

Organ that controls all neurological activity

Ec-

Out

Ex-

Out

Ectopic

Out of place

Epidermis

Outer layer of the skin

Adrenal Cortex

Outer portion of the adrenal gland

Pericardium

Outer sac-like membrane of the heart

Dura Matter

Outermost meninge layer that covers the brain and the spinal cord

Epithelium

Outside layer of cells that covers all the open surfaces of the body

Photophobia

Oversensitivity to light

Ox-

Oxygen

-graphy

PROCESS OF RECORDING

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

Pacemaker the heart

-Algia

Pain

Polymyalgia

Pain of many muscles

Dys-

Pain or difficulty

Dys-

Painful

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstrual flow

Dys-

Painful or difficult

Chancre

Painless ulcer of of syphilis; Highly contagious

Adrenal Glands

Pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine which arouse the body in times of stress

-Plegia

Paralysis

Paraplegia

Paralysis from the waist down , of both legs and lower part of the body

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of all four limbs

Hemiplegia

Paralysis on one side of the body

Pons

Part of the brain stem that connects the nerves of the eyes and the face

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the brainstem that regulates heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure

Amblyopia

Partial loss of sight; Lazy eye

Gestation

Period of time from conception to birth

Interventional

Pertaining to an overt act to change an event or outcome

Acoustic

Pertaining to hearing or sound

Neonatal

Pertaining to newborns

Toxic

Pertaining to poison

Audio

Pertaining to sound or hearing

Radiologist

Physician specializing in diagnostic imaging

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

Picks up the impulse and transmits it downward into the bundle of His and the dividing bundle branches

Melanin

Pigmented substance produced by melanocytes that colors the skin

Conjunctivitis

Pinkeye; Inflammation of the conjuctiva

Pituit-

Pituitary

Joint

Places in the body where bones come together

-Globulin

Plasma protein

Thrombocyte

Platelet

Lamina

Plates of bone within the vertebral body

-Stigma

Point

-Porosis

Porous

Oblique

Positioned at an angle from the perpendicular plane

Poster-

Posterior

Kal-

Potassium

Ectopic Pregnancy

Pregnancy occuring anywhere other than the uterine wall

Tubal Pregnancy

Pregnancy within the fallopian tubes

-Gravida

Pregnant

Parturition

Process / act of giving birth

dialysis

Process for removing waste from the blood for people with renal failure

Atherosclerosis

Process in which plaque thickens and hardens the arteries

Ossification

Process of bone formation where calcium salts are deposited into the bone tissue over time

excision

Process of cutting out, surgical removal ex- out cis to cut -ion process

Spermatogenesis

Process of sperm production

Accommodation

Process where the lens changes its shape in order to adjust its refraction for distance or near vision

Sebaceous Glands

Prodces sebum to lubricate the skin and prevent excessive fluid loss

Sweat Glands

Produce sweat to cool the body as it evaporates from the surface

diaphor- (diaphoresis)

Profuse sweating

Comatose

Prolonged deep sleep

-Phylaxis

Protection or guard

-Globin

Protein

Interferons

Protein released by animal cells that interferes with a viruses' ability to reproduce

Coronary Arteries

Provide oxygen and nutritional support for the heart

Episio-

Pubic region

-Sphyxia

Pulse

Sphygmo-

Pulse or blood pressure

-Coria

Pupil

Pyo-

Pus

Purul-

Pus formation

dense materials like bones teeth DO NOT allow x-rays ..........

RADIOPAQUE

Erythrocyte

RBC that delivers oxygen to the body cells

radiology

Radi/o= X-Rays, study of X rays and radioactive substances and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

Radi-

Radio

Radioisotope

Radioactive isotope that has an unstable nucleus

Contrast Studies

Radiopaque materials are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on x-ray film

contrast studies

Radiopaque materials are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on x-ray film

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Raises blood calcium level

Tachy-

Rapid

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing

Tachycardia

Rapid heart rate condition of rapid heartbeat

Kaposi Sarcoma

Rare form of skin cancer frequently associated with AIDS and other immune deficiencies

Urtic-

Rash or hives

Hematocrit

Ratio or percentage % of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

Cumbent

Reclining

Recumbent

Reclining; Lying down position

-Gram

Record

Audiogram

Recording test of hearing at a range of sound frequencies

Eosin-

Red

Erythr-

Red

Anemia

Red blood cell deficiency condition

Erythema

Redness of the skin

Erythromatous

Redness of the skin

Dyscrasia

Referring to any abnormal disease or condition of the blood

Para

Referring to births

Perineum

Region between the anus and the genitals

Sympath-

Relating to the Sympathetic Nervous System

Palliative

Relieving or soothing the symptoms of a disease without curing it

Pneumonectomy

Removal of a lung

Pyel-

Renal pelvis

Gonad-

Reproductive organs

-Oid

Resembling

Lymphoid

Resembling lymph

Reduction

Restoration of the bone to its original position

-Rrhyth

Rhythm

Computed Tomography (CT Scan)

Series of x-ray photos from different angles to create a cross-section

Tinnitus

Ringing, buzzing, roaring sound in the ears

____megaly is the enlargement of the spleen

SPLENO

Syphilis

STD caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

Ovarian Follicles

Saclike structures in the ovaries that contains ovum

Squam-

Scale or flat

-Lepsy

Seizure or attack

-Algesia

Sensitivity to pain

Later-

Side

Lateral

Side or away from the midline

Dementia

Significant loss of intellectual abilities such as forgetfullness

Vas deferens

Single piece of tubing that comes up from the testicle and over the urinary bladder

-Cutan

Skin

Derm-

Skin

Melanoma

Skin cancer

Vitiligo

Skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation loss of pigment in areas of the skin

Paresis

Slight or partial paralysis

Brady-

Slow

Bradykinesia

Slowness of movement

Micro-

Small

Petech-

Small

Vesicle

Small blister or sac containing clear fluid

Purkinje Fibers

Small fibers at the base of the ventricles

Petechiae

Small red or purple spots under the skin due to intradermal hemorrhage

Venules

Small veins

Wheal

Small, round, raised area on the skin that may be accompanied by itching; usually seen in allergic reactions

Bronchioles

Smaller bronchus structures

Arterioles

Smallest of arteries

Capillary

Smallest of blood vessels that receive waste products from cells and move them into venules

Homeostasis

Stable equilibrium in the body

Natr-

Sodium

-Bolus

Soft mass of chewed food

Lymph Node

Solid masses of lymphatic tissue

Echo-

Sound

Son-

Sound

Echo-

Sound or relfected sound wave

Mediastinum

Space between the lungs

Autonomic Nerves

Special group of nerves that involuntarily sends impulses to involuntary internal organs

-Logist

Specialist

Immunoglobulin

Specialized immune protein

-Lexis

Speech

-Phasia

Speech

Sperm-

Sperm

Spermolytic

Sperm destruction

Hemoptysis

Spitting up blood

Splen-

Spleen

Thymoma

Tumor of the thymus

Coma

State of deep sleep

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Stimulates the Corpus Luteum to continue hormone production

Ortho-

Straight

Extension

Straightening of a joint

Cortisol

Stress hormone that regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Stroke

Nervous System

Structures that transmit impulses to regulate the actions of all the human body systems

Radiology

Study of X rays and radioactive substances and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

Radiolucent

Substance that allows x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film

Electrolyte

Substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current

Radiopaque

Substance that does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film

Kel-

Tumor or swelling

Stroke

Sudden death of brain cells due to impaired blood flow to the brain

Glyco-

Sugar

Episiotomy

Surgical incision of the pubic region to aid in fetal delivery

Arthrocentesis

Surgical puncture in a joint to remove fluid

-Centesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid

Amniocentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from within the amnion

Thoracentesis

Surgical puncture to the thoracic cavity to remove fluid

-Ectomy

Surgical removal

Adenectomy

Surgical removal of a gland

Laminectomy

Surgical removal of a lamina

Lobectomy

Surgical removal of a lung lobe

Adrenalectomy

Surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal gland

Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus

Vasectomy

Surgical removal of the vas deferens

Angioplasty

Surgical repair of a blood vessel

Mammoplasty

Surgical repair of the breast

Tympanoplasty

Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

Hemorrhoids

Swollen veins in the rectum and anus

Thyroxine

T4; Iodine hormone produced by the thyroid gland

Flagella

Tail

Menopause

The cessation of menstruation

kidneys

The functional organs of the urinary system that produce urine

Arachnoid Membrane

The middle meninge layer that has a web-like appearance

Relapse

The return of signs and symptoms of a disease

-Logy

The study of

Meninges

Three protective tissue layers that cover the brain and the spinal cord

Per-

Through

Dia-

Through or across

Thym/0

Thymus gland

Thyro-

Thyroid

villi

Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed

Pituitary Gland

Tiny, pea-sized endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Gangrene

Tissue necrosis due to insufficient blood supply

Refract

To bend from a straight path

-Zema

To boil

Fract-

To break

-Clast

To break down or broken

Caus-

To burn

Palliat-

To cloak; To sooth or relieve

Mim-

To copy or mimic

Crepit-

To crackle

Tom-

To cut or slice

-Staxis

To drip

-Phag

To eat

-Lapse

To fall or slide

-Physis

To grow or nature

Acous-

To hear

Isch-

To hold back or suppress

Interfer-

To interfere or to come in between

-Cubit

To lie down

-Feron

To strike

-Verso

To turn

Mydri-

To widen

Collagen

Tough, elastic material that gives the skin its form and strength

Ad-

Toward

Eclampsia

Toxemia of seizures during pregnancy

Vitreous Humor

Transparent jellylike tissue filling the eyeball behind the lens

-Lucent

Transparent or clear

Pronation

Turning the palm downward

-Oma

Tumor

Hematoma

Tumor of blood

Meningioma

Tumor of the meninges

Seminoma

Tumor of the testicle containing sperm , testicular tumor

Phleb-

Vein

Angi-

Vessel

-Opia

Vision

-Opsia

Vision condition

-Scopy

Visual examination

Arthroscopy

Visual examination of a joint

Bronchoscopy

Visual examination of the bronchi

Otoscopy

Visual examination of the ear

Larynx

Voice box

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscles that move the bones, face, and eyes

Leukocyte

WBC that helps defend the body against foreign invaders

Aqu-

Water

Hydro-

Water

Aqueous

Watery

Aqueous Humor

Watery fluid in the front chamber of the eye

-Asthen

Weakness

-Asthenia

Weakness

-Asthesia

Weakness

-Paresis

Weakness

Hemiparesis

Weakness on one half of the body

Emboli

When lesions break off and travel through the bloodstream

Hindbrain Herniation

When the hindbrain move downwards through the foramen magnum

Phagocyte

White blood cell that engulfs foreign particle matter

Granulocyte

White blood cell with granules in the cytoplasm

Granulocyte

White blood cells that contain granules in their cytoplasm

-Paque

White or light gray

Leuk-

White or white blood cell

Syn-

With or together

insulin

a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows transportation of glucose

oxytocin

a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor

adrenaline (epinephrine)

a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure in times of stress.​

aldosterone

a hormone that is produced / secreted by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the body

adrenal glands

a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.

prognosis

a prediction of the course of a disease

radiolucent

a substance that allows x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film

hydronephrosis

abnormal condition of fluid in the kidney

Paresthesia

abnormal sensation of numbness, tingling, or burning

Emphysema primarily affects which lung structure?

alveoli

hypocalcemia

an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood

Graves' Disease/ hyperthyroidism

an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism. With this disease, your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs; often associated with exophthalmos Graves disease - hyperthyroid condition associated with exophthalmos

sonogram

an image formed using reflected ultrasound waves

echocardiography

an ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart

urinalysis

analysis of urine

Cytotoxic T cells

cells that directly KILL foreign cells

Parenteral

apart from the intestinal tract

parenteral

apart from the intestinal tract

infarction

area of dead tissue

a small artery

arteriole

collasped lung

atelectasis

hardening and narrowing of arteries

atherosclerosis

listening to sounds within the body

auscultation

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

bacteriuria

bacteria in the urine

condition of bacteria in the urine

bacteriuria

enuresis

bed-wetting; urinary incontinence

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot backward

inter

between

intercostal

between the ribs

hemat-

blood

-emia

blood condition

the suffix - emia means

blood condition

hematuria

blood in the urine

during internal respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the

body cells and their surrounding capillaries

oste/o

bone

exophthalmos

bulging eyes

caus/o

burning

sac of fluid near a joint

bursa

Leukemia

cancer of white blood cells

cyt-

cell

thyrotoxicosis

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones excessive thyroid activity

hypothyroidism

condition in which the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone and the metabolic rate is slowed. Symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and slow heart rate occur.

cryptorchidism

condition of hidden, undescended

ataxia

condition of no coordination persistent unsteadiness on the feet

azoospermia

condition of no life (no sperm) in the semen

Cranial cavity

contains brain, pituitary gland

Abdominal cavity

contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

Pelvic cavity

contains urinary bladder, female reproductive structures, and lower parts of the intestines

chronic

continuing for a long time

systole

contraction phase of the heartbeat

imaging with radiopaque substances that allow better visualization of a specific body part

contrast studies

imaging with radiopaque sunstances that allow better visualization of a specific body part

contrast studies

inflammation of the urinary bladder

cystitis

_____ is the study of cells , its word root is _____

cytology , cyt

Thrombocytopenia

decreased number of platelets

Bedsore

decubitus ulcer

comat/o

deep sleep

hyponatremia

deficient sodium in the blood

-Trophy

development , nourishment

-trophy

development, nourishment

blepharoptosis

drooping eyelid

radiopharmaceutical

drug that contains a radioactive substance which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned

xer/o

dry

difficulty in digestion

dyspepsia

difficulty breathing

dyspnea

painful or difficult urination

dysuria

ultrasound imaging of the heart

echocardiography

inflammatory skin disease with erythematous pap... lesions

eczema

swelling

edema

Collection of pus in the pleural cavity

empyema

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

endocarditis

tissue within the heart

endocardium

tachy-

fast

duodenum

first part of the small intestine

Mrs. Watkins is being treated for a duodenal ulcer. Her ulcer is located in the:

first section of the small intestine

orchiopexy

fixation of a testicle

bending at a joint

flexion

the physician orders an anteroposterior x-ray view of Mr. Bledsoe's abdomen . the x-ray is taken in the

frontal plane

necrosis of tissue

gangrene

removal of the stomach

gastrectomy

pertaining to the stomach

gastric

adeno-

gland

tiny ball of capillaries

glomerulus

Keratin

hard Protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails skin

cephalic

head the suffix -ic means pertaining to

cardio-

heart

vomiting blood

hematemesis

a person with an abnormality of their erythrocytes would need testing done by the ____ lab

hematology lab

a mass or collection of blood

hematoma

breakdown of blood cells with the release of hemoglobin

hemolysis

destruction of red blood cells

hemolysis

testosterone (androgen)

hormone produced in the testicles

increase in cell size is hyper___

hyperTROPHY

deficiency of blood glucose

hypoglycemia

iatrogenic

iatr/o= TREATMENT, PHYSICIAN The suffix -genic means pertaining to producing, produced by,or produce in. Iatrogenic conditions are adverse effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physician.produced by treatment

tracer study

image that traces the passage of a radiopharmaceutical through an organ or tissue

nuclear medicine

imaging that uses radioactive substances for the diagnosis of disease

-blast

immature cell

diuresis

increased formation and secretion of urine

dyspepsia

indigestion

polyneuritis

inflammation of many nerves

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver hepat/o= liver

pericarditis

inflammation of the membrane (sac) surrounding the heart, the pericardium

pericarditis

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

scope

instrument for inspecting or viewing

laparoscope

instrument to visually examine the abdomen

diabetes mellitus

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

between the ribs

intercostal

antiviral proteins secreted by T cell lymphocytes

interferons

imaging during invasive ..... catheters

interventional radiology

Arrythmia

irregular heart beat

anorexia

lack or loss of appetite

unexpected side effects that result from treatment

latrogenic

vitiligo

loss of pigment in areas of the skin

hypokalemia

low amount / deficient potassium in the blood

type of WBC that produces antibodies

lymphocyte

hypogastric

pertaining to below the stomach

disease caused by epstein-barr virus

mononucleosis

adipose

pertaining to fat

myathenia

muscle weakness, lack of muscle strangth

inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscles

muscular dystrophy

pain in the muscles

myalgia

sudden, uncontrollable compulsion to sleep

narcolepsy

Proximal

near the point of attachment to the trunk or beginning of a structure

cervic/o

neck

abnormal tissue or cellular death

necrosis

a resection of the kidney is a

nephrectomy

myo-

pertaining to muscle

scintigraphy

nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide

Fertilization

occurs when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell in the fallopian tube

ophthalmoscope

ophthalm/o= EYE, The suffix -scope means an instrument for visual examination. Note: to help with spelling, notice that just as there are two eyes, there are to "h"s in this terminstrument used for visual examination of the eye

breathing easier in an upright position

orthopnea

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteomyelitis

ex

out

sac that envelopes or contains the ovum

ovarian follicle

-algia

pain

algia

pain

neuralgia

pain along the course of a nerve neur/o= nerve

arthralgia

pain in a joint or joints (arthr means joint, -algia means pain)

myalgia

pain in the muscle

neuralgia

pain in the nerves, nerve pain

sac around the heart

pericardium

epigastric

pertaining to above the stomach

retrocardiac

pertaining to behind the heart

chronic inflammatory myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and pain

polymyositis

increased appetite

polyphagia

oblique

positioned at an angle from the perpendicular plane

Kyphosis

posterior curve in the thoracic region

gestation

pregnancy

foreskin

prepuce

incision

process of cutting into or making an incision

Craniotomy

process of cutting into the skull

in vitro

process, test, or procedure in which something is measured or observed outside the living organism

-genic

producing

menorrhagia

profuse or prolonged menstrual flow

the skin serves as _______ between the environment.....

protection

albuminuria

protein in the urine

itching

pruritus

Chronic recurrent dermatosis with itchy, scaly, red plaques covered in silvery scales

psoriasis

Psychology

psych/o= mind, the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

blepharo ___ is drooping of the eyelid

ptosis

edema

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

sphygm/o

pulse

purulent

pus filled

image of renal pelvis

pyelogram

muscular ring at the lower end of the stomach is the

pyloric sphincter

myelography

radiography of the spinal cord and nerve roots

a radioactive form of a substance

radioisotope

areas of soft tissue and air-filled lungs allow.... dark grey area on the film

radiolucent

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

raises blood calcium level

crackling sounds heard during inspiration

rales

tachy

rapid

tachypnea

rapid breathing

recumbent

reclining; lying down

-gram

record

angiogram

record of a vessels

Erythrocyte

red blood cell; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide Erythr/o= Red, -cyte means cell. Erythrocytes carry oxygen in the blood.

erythem/o

redness

return of disease symptoms

relapse

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

sagittal

-ectomy

removal

cholecystectomy

removal of the gallbladder

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ech/o

repeated sound

a sensitive layer of nerve tissue in the back of the eye

retina

progressive, degenerative joint disease

rheumatoid arthritis

rhinitis

rhin/o= nose inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose during the common head cold; also a result of hay fever

inflammation of the nose

rhinitis

peristalsis

rhythmic muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract

pyloric sphincter

ring of muscle that guards the opening at the lower end of the stomach

produces sperm in the testes

seminiferous tubules

Vertebrae

series of small bones forming the spinal column

bone marrow cell that gives rise to different types of blood cells

stem cell

cutane/o

skin

brady-

slow

-ole

small

-malacia

softening

son/o

sound, sound waves

-phasia

speech

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

hemoptysis

spitting up blood from the lungs

enlargement of the spleen

splenomegaly

material expelled from chest by coughing...

sputum

the epidermis is composed of...

squamous epithelium

homeostasis

stable equilibrium in the body

the suffix in the term metastasis is ___ and it means ___

stasis , stopping or controlling

-logy

study of

radiology

study of X rays and radioactive substances and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

cytology

study of cells

Cytology

study of structure and function of cells

hematology

study of the blood and blood diseases (hema= blood)

gastroenterology

study of the stomach and intestines and their diseases

Histology

study of tissue

histology

study of tissues

gynecology

study of women (gyne/o=women)

radiopaque

substance does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film

glycosuria

sugar in the urine

the diaphragm lies ___ to the stomach

superior

Posterior (Dorsal)

the back side of the body

menarche

the first menstrual period for a woman during puberty

Anterior (Ventral)

the front side of the body

prolactin

the hormone that tells the body to make breast milk when a person is pregnant or breast-feeding. Production of prolactin takes place in the pituitary gland.

diagnosis

the identification of a disease or other condition

mastication

the process of chewing

biopsy

the removal of living tissue to view under a microscope (bi/o=life, -opsy=process of viewing)

oncology

the study and treatment of tumors and cancer, onc/o= tumor The suffix -ist means of medicine (or other profession)

glomerulus

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

pituitary gland

tiny, pea-sized endocrine gland at the base of the brain produces growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, and gonadotropic hormones

crin/o

to secrete

-lucent

to shine

hemostasis

to stop or control bleeding

several images are made to show the organ in depth

tomography

several images made to show organ in depth

tomography

linguo-

tongue

Cranial

toward the head

Caudal

toward the tail

Superior

towards the head

plane that divides the body or structure into upper and lower portions

transverse

latr/o

treatment

-oma

tumor or mass

supination

turning the palms forward

prefix in the term bilateral means

two

sub

under

examination of the urine

urinalysis

Introduction of altered antigens (virus or bacteria) to produce an immune response and protect against disease

vaccination

___ means to the front , its opposite direction is ___

ventral , dorsal