Malaria ( protozoan )
Febrile Stage
- this stage lasts for several hours. -spiking temps ( 40 -104 Fahrenheit) -parasites invade new RBC's
a.Plasmodium Falciparum
-causes most serious infection -parasitized RBC's form protrusions which adhere to endothelium of blood vessel forming clots and obstructions. -invades- stem cells in bone marrow * resistant to chloroquine, ( Aralen) the drug of choice for malaria. * resistance strain can be treated with quinine sulfate & pyrimethamine -sulfadoxine (fansidar)
Sweating Stage
-concludes the episode -fever subsides ,patient falls asleep feels better on awakening.
a. Initial (chill stage)
-lasts for 15 minutes to one hour -parasite ruptures the hosts RBCs and enter the blood stream causing nausea, vomitting, and headache may occur
b. Plasmodium Vivax & P. Ovale
-milder illness but the infected person can have relapses for up to five years Treatment: Chloroquine ( Aralen)
c. Plamodium Malariae
-rarely causes acute illness but has been associated with nephrotic syndrome in children. Treatment ( Chloroquine (Aralen)
Anti-malarial drugs include
1. Primaquin(e) 2. Atabrine 3.Larium ( caises schizophrenia and liver damage)
Malaria
Etiology: Female Anopheles mosquito -bites and injects infectious sporozoite form of plasmodium . the protozoan that causes malaria 1. Plasmodium Vivax 2. Plasmodium Falciparum 3. Plasmodium Malariae 4. Plasmodium Ovale Causes: severe liver damage & damage of RBC
Clinical stages of malaria
related to events that occur in the blood stream
Sexual phase Asexual Phase
sexual-Sporogony ( affect tissues) mosquito asexual- schizogony( affects liver & RBC
