MAN 320F unit 11

-servant leadership -authentic leadership - interactive leadership

- A leader who serves others by working to fulfill followers' needs and goals, as well as to achieve the organization's larger mission. - Leadership by individuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse and act consistent with higher-order ethical values, and who empower and inspire others with their openness and authenticity. - A leadership style characterized by values such as inclusion, collaboration, relationship building, and caring.

Which of the following would be considered a type of soft power? -Legitimate power -Coercive power -Reward power -Expert power

- Expert power - Soft power includes expert power and referent power, which are based on personal characteristics and interpersonal relationships more than on a position of authority

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the leadership behaviors of consideration and initiating structure? The focus of consideration behavior is people, whereas with initiating structure the leader is mindful of subordinates, respecting their ideas and feelings and building trust. Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the leadership behaviors of consideration and initiating structure? The focus of consideration behavior is people, whereas with initiating structure the leader is mindful of subordinates, respecting their ideas and feelings and building trust. The difference between the two major leadership behaviors is their focus, with consideration a people focus and initiating structure a task orientation. Consideration requires intelligence and planning; initiating structure requires drive and strategy. Initiating structure has a task orientation, whereas with consideration the leader directs subordinate work activities toward goal attainment, giving instructions, planning, and scheduling. -Consideration requires intelligence and planning; initiating structure requires drive and strategy. -Initiating structure has a task orientation, whereas with consideration the leader directs subordinate work activities toward goal attainment, giving instructions, planning, and scheduling.

- The difference between the two major leadership behaviors is their focus, with consideration a people focus and initiating structure a task orientation.

_____ approach outlines those organizational settings in which a leadership style is unimportant or unnecessary. -The trait theory of leadership -The situational model of leadership -Fiedler's contingency theory -The situational substitutes for leadership

- The situational substitutes for leadership

Transactional leadership is important to all organizations. Which of the following statements applies to transactional leaders? -Transactional leaders clarify task requirements, initiate structure, and provide appropriate rewards. -Transactional leaders focus primarily on intangible qualities such as vision, shared values, and organizational culture. -Transactional leaders inspire innovation by providing meaning for followers. -Transactional leaders are the most suitable leaders for bringing about a change in an organization.

- Transactional leaders clarify task requirements, initiate structure, and provide appropriate rewards.

Which of the following statements best describes how transformational leadership is distinguished from transactional leadership? -Transformational leadership is characterized by the conformity to organizational norms and values. -Transformational leadership requires leaders with ingrained personality characteristics. -Transformational leadership focuses solely on the impersonal aspects of performance, such as plans, schedules, and budgets. -Transformational leadership leads to changes in an organization's mission, strategy, structure, and culture.

- Transformational leadership leads to changes in an organization's mission, strategy, structure, and culture.

The impact of charismatic leaders normally comes from one of three sources. Which of the following would NOT be one of those sources? -A predictable manner that creates an atmosphere of steady work -A lofty vision of an imagined future -Empowering subordinates to accomplish results -An ability to understand and empathize with followers

- a predictable manner that creates an atmosphere of steady work

Kelley's model of followership described the _____ style as those who are capable, but do not participate in developing solutions to the problems that they see. -passive follower -pragmatic survivor -conformist -alienated follower

- alienated follower

Research indicates that people rate leaders as "more effective" when they: -command others' identification, respect, and admiration. -are perceived to use a variety of influence tactics. -frequently use their coercive power. -possess special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks.

- are perceived to use a variety of influence tactics

According to the Leadership Grid, _____ occurs when primary emphasis is given to production rather than to people. -authority-compliance management -country club management - impoverished management -team management

- authority compliance management

______ have the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice. -Charismatic leaders -Transactional leaders -Pragmatic managers -Transformational leaders

- charismatic leaders

Her _____ gives Martha the right to fire or demote employees, criticize them, or withhold pay increases. -reward power -coercive power -referent power -expert power

- coercive power

When asked what qualities they think are most important in a leader and in a follower, most people gave which of the following same two answers most often? -Intelligent and honest -Competent and honest -Inspiring and cooperative -Intelligent and loyal

- competent and honest

On which of the following two dimensions is Blake and McCanse's Leadership Grid based? - Input to the process and output from production -Efficiency and effectiveness -Consideration and initiating structure -Concern for production and concern for people

- concern for production and concern for people - The two-dimensional theory called the Managerial Grid and later the Leadership Grid contains two axes: the x-axis plots concern for production and the y-axis plots concern for people.

In Carmen's workplace, the culture is quite traditional with rigid rules and authoritarian environments. Because of this environment, followers tend to have a dependent attitude on authority. What type of follower are Carmen and her coworkers? -Passive followers -Pragmatic survivors -Conformists -Alienated followers

- conformists - The conformist participates actively in a relationship with the boss but doesn't use critical-thinking skills.

Lee has turned over responsibility for decisions and their implementation to his subordinates and therefore does not need to provide much in the way of direction and support. In the situational model, Lee is using the _____ of leadership. -delegating style -telling style -selling style - participating style

- delegating style

The two types of personal power are: -reward power and coercive power. -expert power and referent power. -reward power and expert power. -legitimate power and expert power.

- expert power and referent power

The situational model of leadership: -focuses on the characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior. -considers a person's leadership style to be relatively unchangeable. -matches a leader's style with the situation. -models a degree of willingness and ability to perform a task expected of subordinates.

- focuses on the characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior.

Which of the following variables would substitute for a people-oriented style of leadership? -Organizational inflexibility -Highly structured task -Group experience -Group cohesiveness

- group cohesiveness

The people who work for Troy describe him as a charismatic leader. Which of the following statements is most likely true about Troy? -He is highly predictable and conforms to organizational norms and values. -He displays an ability to understand and empathize with followers. -He relies on tangible rules and incentives to control specific transactions with followers. -He uses his gifts for ego-building and personal gain.

- he displays an ability to understand and empathize with followers

Which of the following would NOT be considered an interpersonal influence tactic? -Appealing to a higher authority -Holding people accountable -Using rational persuasion -Relying on the rule of reciprocity

- holding people accountable

Jillian is reading a case study for management class. In it, the manager puts the minimum amount of effort into meeting production goals and shows little concern about employees. Where would this manager fall on the Leadership Grid? -Country club management -Authority-compliance management -Team management -Impoverished management

- impoverished management

As a manager, Emily balances the necessity of making work happen with maintaining the morale of people at a satisfactory level in order to ensure adequate organizational performance. In the Leadership Grid, where would Emily's style fall? -On the high end of concern for both people and production at team management -In the center at middle-of-the-road management -On the high end of concern for people at country club management -On the high end of concern for production at authority-compliance management

- in the center at the middle of the road management

Karla is a highly organized manager. She regularly creates and updates schedules for job completion and assigns tasks to subordinates. Which of the following leadership behaviors is evident here? -Initiating structure -Trust establishment -People-oriented -Consideration

- initiating structure

Karla is a highly organized manager. She regularly creates and updates schedules for job completion and assigns tasks to subordinates. Which of the following leadership behaviors is evident here? -Trust establishment -Initiating structure -Consideration -People-oriented

- initiating structure - Initiating structure is the extent to which a leader is task-oriented and directs subordinates' work activities toward goal accomplishment.

Ohio State researchers identified two major behaviors of leadership. They are: -consideration and people-orientation. - initiating structure and consideration. -commitment and initiating structure. -commitment and consideration.

- initiating structure and consideration

Joel sees his role as leader as achieving efficiency within his department, meeting schedules, and keeping costs low. Which of the following types of leader is Joel? - Servant leader -Job-centered leader -Employee-centered leader -Interactive leader

- job centered - Job-centered leaders tend to be less concerned with goal achievement and human needs in favor of meeting schedules, keeping costs low, and achieving production efficiency.

Which of the following statements about leadership is accurate? -Leadership occurs among people, involves the use of influence, and is used to attain goals. -Leadership activities are the same as any other problem-solving activity. -Leadership is essential only in larger organizations. -The traditional view on leadership upholds will and humility as the prerequisites for a good leader.

- leadership occurs among people, involved the use of influences, and is used to attain goals

Which of the following is considered a type of hard position power? -Expert power -Referent power -Information -Legitimate power

- legitimate power - Legitimate power, reward power, and coercive power are all forms of position power used by managers to change employee behavior.

In developing his model of followership, what two dimensions did Kelley use? -Level of critical thinking and level of active or passive behavior -Level of active or passive behavior and level of motivation -Level of motivation and level of intelligence -Level of critical thinking and level of intelligence

- level of critical thinking and level of active or passive behavior

Fiedler's contingency theory: -focuses on the characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior. -suggests four leadership styles that can be adopted by leaders to guide their followers. -considers a person's leadership style to be flexible. -matches a leader's style with the situation most favorable for his or her effectiveness.

- matches a leaders style with the situation most favorable for his or her effectiveness

As a leader, if Miller has influence over Smith, then the relationship is: -aggressive. -not passive. -not reciprocal. -one-sided.

- not passive

Which of the following leadership qualities would be more characteristic of a leader than of a manager? -Nurturing -Positional power -Rational -Focus on stability

- nurturing

In his organization, Dennis seldom exhibits critical or independent thinking. He is unlikely to actively participate, but rather simply does what he is told to do. Within Kelley's model of followership, Dennis would be a(n): -passive follower. -pragmatic survivor. -conformist. -alienated follower.

- passive follower - According to the model of followership developed by Robert E. Kelley, passive followers exhibit neither critical, independent thinking nor active participation. Their activity is limited to what they are told to do, and they accomplish things only with a great deal of supervision.

Two organizational variables that neutralize both task- and people-oriented styles of leadership are: -automatic feedback and inflexibility. -formalization and professionalism. -group cohesiveness and formalization. -physical separation and low position power.

- physical separation and low position power

Sylvia is not a risk taker. Her style is to adapt to the situation and do her best to maintain the status quo. Which of the following types of follower within Kelley's model of followership is Sylvia? -Passive follower -Pragmatic survivor -Effective follower -Alienated follower

- pragmatic survivor - The pragmatic survivor uses whatever style best benefits his or her own position and minimizes risk

Ellen and John are both leaders. Given what you know about interactive leadership differences between men and women, which of the following statements would more likely be true for John than for Ellen? -Rated higher for developing others -Rated higher on social and emotional skills -Rated higher on fostering communication -Rated higher on developing strategic perspective

- rated higher on developing strategic perspective

Leadership is distinct from administrative paperwork or problem-solving activities. In other words, it is _____ because it occurs among people -pluralistic -unchanging -reciprocal -individual

- reciprocal

Aidan needs some advice about asserting influence with his subordinates. As Aidan's manager, which of the following interpersonal tactics would you feel best about recommending to him? -Avoid the use of higher authority -Use emotional persuasion -Avoid a direct, explicit approach when telling what they want -Rely on the rule of reciprocity

- rely on the rule of reciprocity - Leaders can influence others through the exchange of benefits and favors. The unwritten "rule of reciprocity" means that leaders who do favors for others can expect that others will do favors for them in return.

A _____ is a situational variable that makes a leadership style redundant, whereas a _____ is a situational variable that counteracts a leadership style. -substitute for leadership; neutralizer -neutralizer; highly favorable -highly unfavorable; substitute for leadership -highly favorable; highly unfavorable

- substitute for leadership; neutralizer

Harrison is the manager of a production department. All of the subordinates get along as they complete a highly structured task. In this situation, the power resides in Harrison's position and he is very successful as a manager. According to Fiedler's contingency theory, which of the following types of leadership styles does Harrison most likely use? -Job-centered -Employee-centered -Task-oriented -Relationship-oriented

- task oriented

The most effective style on the Leadership Grid is _____ and is recommended for leaders because organization members work together to accomplish tasks. -country club management -authority-compliance management -team management -middle-of-the-road management

- team management - With team management, work accomplishment is from committed people; interdependence through a common stake in organization purpose leads to relationships of trust and respect.

Leah is faced with several low-readiness followers. According to the situational model of leadership, which of the following leadership styles should she use to have the highest probability of successfully influencing them? -The delegating style -The telling style -The selling style -The participating style

- telling style - The telling style has the highest probability of successfully influencing low-readiness followers. The leader is specific, telling people exactly what to do, how to do it, and when

In which of the following leadership styles, according to the situational model of leadership, does the leader share ideas with subordinates, giving them a chance to participate, and facilitate decision making? -The delegating style -The telling style -The selling style -The participating style

- the participating style

_____ approach outlines those organizational settings in which a leadership style is unimportant or unnecessary. -Fiedler's contingency theory -The trait theory of leadership -The situational model of leadership -The situational substitutes for leadership

- the situational substitutes for leadership

The most frequently used interpersonal influence strategy is: -the use of rational persuasion. -helping people to like you. -asking for what you want. -developing allies.

- the use of rational persuasion

Which of the following statements best describes an effective follower style in Kelley's model of followership? -They develop an equitable relationship with their leaders and do not try to avoid risk or conflict. -They are capable, but do not participate in developing solutions to the problems or deficiencies that they see. -They do not consider the consequences of what they are asked to do—even at the risk of contributing to a harmful endeavor. -They use whatever style best benefits their own position and minimizes risk.

- they develop an equitable relationship with their leaders and do not try to avoid risk or conflict

Davina spends much of her days meeting with people in her division, sharing her vision of the future direction of the company, encouraging them to share ideas with her and with each other, and orchestrating opportunities for various people with similar ideas to meet and expand on those ideas and build relationships. What type of leader is Davina? -Transactional -Transformational -Charismatic -Opportunistic

- transformational

_____ leaders usually emerge to take an organization through a major strategic change, focusing on the intangible qualities that facilitate the change process. -Transformational -Charismatic -Transactional -Considerate

- transformational

The _____ approach to leadership involved finding out what made known leaders great, and selecting future leaders who already exhibited the same traits or could learn to develop them. -"path-goal" -contingency theory -situational theory -"great man"

-"great man"

Which of the following is a social characteristic of a leader? -Ability to enlist cooperation -Optimism -Persistence against obstacles -Physical stamina

-Ability to enlist cooperation

Which of the following statements best defines effective leadership? -Effective leadership is about finding the strengths that one can best exemplify and apply as a leader. -Effective leadership is about having the right traits. -Every effective leader has unlimited capacity. -Effective leaders possess a complete set of characteristics that is appropriate for handling any problem.

-Effective leadership is about finding the strengths that one can best exemplify and apply as a leader.

Which of the following statements about interactive leadership is false? -The leader favors a consensual and collaborative process. -Interactive leadership is a style practiced more often by women. -influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority. -In studies of performance evaluations, male managers scored significantly on abilities such as motivating others, fostering communication, and listening.

-In studies of performance evaluations, male managers scored significantly on abilities such as motivating others, fostering communication, and listening.

Which of the following statements bests describes the concept of leadership traits? -Determining the appropriateness of leadership traits is best accomplished via the "great man" approach. -Leadership traits are natural abilities and cannot be developed through training. -Effective leadership is about having the right set of leadership traits. -Leadership traits typically considered to be positive can have negative consequences, and vice versa.

-Leadership traits typically considered to be positive can have negative consequences, and vice versa.

Which of the following best describes the difference between management and leadership? -Management promotes stability and order within an existing organizational structure, whereas leadership promotes vision and change. -Management means innovating to organize, whereas leadership means analyzing the status quo. -Management takes reasonable risks to meet new standards, whereas leadership ensures that daily operations are performed smoothly. -Management cannot replace leadership, whereas leadership can replace management

-Management promotes stability and order within an existing organizational structure, whereas leadership promotes vision and change.

Leadership is best described by which of the following statements? -The primary responsibility of strong leaders is to ensure that suppliers are paid, customers invoiced, and products and services produced on time. -Leadership replaces management to help an organization meet its current commitments. -Strong leadership questions the status quo and is willing to take reasonable risks to meet new challenges. -Leadership and management require the same set of qualities and skills as management to provide different benefits for an organization.

-Strong leadership questions the status quo and is willing to take reasonable risks to meet new challenges.

Which of the following is a primary goal of good leadership? -To help meet the organization's current commitments -To promote stability -To help organize the organization's structure -To move the organization into the future

-To move the organization into the future

The Leadership Grid describes _____ as high in concern for people but low in concern for production. -country club management -authority-compliance management -impoverished management -team management

-country club management - Country club management (high in concern for people, low in concern for production) is described as thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships which leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo

Level 5 Leadership

-jim collins 1) capable: contributes talent, skills, knowledge 2) contributing: contributes individually, works well in group 3) competent: managed team members and assets to reach set objectives 4) effective: stimulates high standards, champions dedication to vision level 5) builds excellence through dedication and humility

In Fiedler's contingency theory, a situation would be considered highly unfavorable for a leader when: -tasks are highly structured. -the leader has formal authority over followers. -followers have confidence in the leader. -the leader-member relationship is negative.

-the leader-member relationship is negative.

Leadership cannot _____ management; it should _____ management. -replicate; be a replacement for -outperform; replace -replace; be in addition to -operate beyond; defer to

replace; be in addition to