Man Chapter 3
Which of these are forces within an organization's general environment? (Choose every correct answer.)
International Political-Legal Sociocultural Technological Demographic Economic
A formal set of standards guiding an organization's actions is called a _____.
code of ethics
An employee who reports organizational misconduct to the public is known as a(n) _____.
whistle-blower
Which of these employees is taking natural capital into consideration when making their decision?
As the department head, Trevor decides to stop sending company waste to the landfill and do a better job of recycling.
_____ forces are influences on an organization arising from changes in the characteristics of the population, such as age, gender, or ethnic origin.
Demographic
True or false: Ethical standards do not vary among countries or cultures.
False
Which group is projected to make up almost 60% of the workforce by 2029?
Millennials and Gen Zers
Which of these organizations are considered special-interest groups? (Choose every correct answer.)
Mothers Against Drunk Driving People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
What is the BEST example of a sociocultural force affecting an industry?
Sales of organic fruits and vegetables increase because more people want to eat healthier.
_____ groups try to influence specific issues, some of which may affect your organization.
Special-interest
_____ sometimes risk their jobs by coming forward about organizational misconduct and thus need to be protected.
Whistle-blowers
When companies link up with one another in order to realize certain advantages, they are known as strategic _____.
allies
What are two examples of economic forces within a company's general environment?
bank interest rates the unemployment rate
Unethical acts intended to create an unfair advantage or help an employee gain benefits they would not otherwise be entitled to receive are known as workplace ______.
cheating
The purpose of a code of ethics is to ______.
clearly state top management's expectations for all employees
Today, it is stressed even more that companies go beyond just making a profit and take into consideration the environment and philanthropic initiatives. This is known as practicing ______.
corporate social responsibility
A person or an organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers is called a(n) ______.
distributor
A company's triple bottom line measures which aspects of its performance? (Choose every correct answer.)
environmental financial social
An organization's standards of right and wrong that influence employee behavior are referred to as _______.
ethics
Organizations can promote _____ by creating a strong ethical climate, screening prospective employees, and instituting ethics codes and training programs.
ethics
Banks, savings and loans, and credit unions are all examples of _______ institutions and are stakeholders within the task environment.
financial
Vondra believes that if her company created a problem for the local farm community by rationing water supplies, then her company needs to give those farmers grant money so they can get back on their feet. Vondra is advocating _____ corporate social responsibility.
for
The macroenvironment is also known as the _______ environment.
general
The rise in the average temperature near the Earth's surface due to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is called _____ and is one aspect of climate change.
global warming
In the __________ approach to solving ethical dilemmas, there is the assumption that people will act ethically in the short run to avoid others harming them in the long run.
individual
One flaw in the _____ approach to ethical decision making is that one person's short-term self-gain may not in fact be good for everyone in the long term.
individual
As the CEO of a pharmaceutical company, Simone learned that the government was about to block the import of one of the company's biggest-selling drugs. She decides to sell her shares of stock before the information is made public. Since she used confidential information to make her decision, she is guilty of _____.
insider trading
People who buy or sell stock illegally based on confidential company information are engaging in _____.
insider trading
A social audit
is a systematic assessment of a company's performance in implementing socially responsible programs.
A distributor is sometimes referred to as a(n)
middleman
The _____ approach to ethical decision making is guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings.
moral-rights
Target donates millions of dollars each year in education-related grants for arts and cultural experiences, field trips, and reading programs, as well as grants to promote public safety. This is an example of _______.
philanthropy
A company's triple bottom line represents which aspects? (Choose every correct answer.)
planet people profit
Changes in the way politics shape laws and laws shape the opportunities for and threats to organizations are called ______ forces.
political-legal
Suppliers are people or organizations that
provide raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy to other organizations.
The moral-rights approach to solving ethical dilemmas is guided by _____.
respect for human rights
A manager's responsibility to take actions that benefit both society and the business is known as _____ responsibility.
social
Government regulators are considered part of a firm's _____.
stakeholders
Two or more organizations that join forces in order to achieve advantages that neither can perform as well alone are known as _______.
strategic allies
A company or person that provides raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy to another organization is called a(n) _____.
supplier
The ten groups that present a company with its daily tasks to handle represent the company's _____ environment.
task
An employee organization that represents hourly workers as opposed to salaried employees is called a(n) ______.
union
When managers use financial performance as the best definition of an ethical choice, they are taking a(n) ______ approach to organizational decisions..
utilitarian
Which approach to deciding ethical dilemmas asserts that an ethical decision should be guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity?
Justice approach
What term is used when benefit to yourself or someone close to you interferes with your ability to make a business decision?
Conflict of interest
_____ forces consist of conditions such as unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and economic growth that may affect an organization's performance.
Economic
True or false: Local communities can be affected greatly by the entrance or exit of large businesses.
True
In a poll of 30,000 college students, approximately what percentage admitted to cheating?
60%
Four restaurants that are all seeking to attract the same customers would be categorized as _______.
competitors
The people or organizations that vie with your company for customers or resources are known as _____.
competitors
Which broad term identifies anyone impacted by a business, including but not limited to stockholders, employees, and customers?
Stakeholders
Federal agencies that establish ground rules under which organizations operate are called _______.
government regulators
The value of resources such as topsoil, air, water, and genetic diversity, upon which humans depend, is known as _______ capital.
natural
The act of contributing money in order to benefit society is referred to as _______.
philanthropy
Companies may use ______ techniques, such as personality testing and reference checking, to identify dishonest applicants.
screening
The popular television show Shark Tank shows the shark investors gaining ownership stake in businesses in exchange for providing the businesses with money. This money is a form of _____.
venture capital
A social audit is a systematic assessment of a company's performance in implementing _______.
socially responsible programs
How do supporters of social responsibility say that it benefits businesses? (Choose every correct answer.)
It is the moral thing to do. It is good for business. It is important to employees.
Which groups are parts of the task environment? (Choose every correct answer.)
Strategic allies Distributors Government regulators Local communities
What is the best description of corporate social responsibility?
A company must be concerned for the welfare of society.
According to free-market economist Friedman, what is the only social responsibility of a business?
Making profits
Place the following obligations of a corporation (as identified by Carroll) in order, starting with the highest-level responsibility at the top of the list and placing the most fundamental obligation at the bottom of the list.
1. Being a good global corporate citizen. 2. Being ethical in its practices. 3. Obeying the law. 4. Making a profit.
True or false: Unlike generations before them, Millennials have little concern for the environment and are more interested in profit over planet.
False
Which are processes used in screening employees for their ethics? Choose all correct answers. (Choose every correct answer.)
Integrity testing Personality testing Reference checking
_____ forces are changes in the economic, political, legal, and technological global system that may affect an organization.
International
Which employee is demonstrating ethical behavior?
Jordan did not accept a gift from his salesperson because he could tell it was a bribe to get him to buy products from the company.
The passage of the US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act during the Obama administration and its impact on employers is an example of which force?
Political-legal
What is an example of an international force that might affect US organizations?
The economic integration of the European Union
Local communities are important organizational stakeholders. In fact, if a community gives a company tax breaks in return for the promise of new jobs and the firm fails to deliver those jobs, the community may be able to institute a _____ and rescind the tax breaks.
clawback
Major changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and similar matters occurring over several decades is known as _______.
climate change
What are three ways a company can promote high ethical standards?
create a strong ethical climate by implementing policies to be used on a daily basis screen prospective employees and dismiss those who are irresponsible institute a code of ethics to provide guidelines for employees
Behavior that is accepted as proper according to a society's prevailing values is known as _______ behavior.
ethical
People who are outside an organization but are still affected by the organization are called the ______.
external stakeholders
One consideration of the _____ approach to ethical decisions is whether an organization's policies, such as those governing promotions or sexual harassment, are administered impartially and fairly regardless of employee gender, age, ethnicity, religion, disability, or sexual orientation
justice
According to Archie B. Carroll, the responsibilities of an organization can be arranged as a pyramid, with _____ at the base and _____ at the top.
making a profit; corporate citizenship
A(n) _____ force represents the influences and trends originating in the human relationships of a society that may affect industries.
sociocultural
A company's decision to move its operations out of the country will affect its employees, owners, suppliers, distributors, and everyone else who has an interest in the business. All of these groups together make up the company's _____.
stakeholders
Abusive _____ represents subordinates' perceptions of the extent to which their supervisors engage in the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact.
supervision
A company's external environment consists of which two environments?
task general
Bio-Med Laboratories recently announced it had produced a new medication that would mitigate arthritis symptoms. This new medication is an example of a(n) _____ force.
technological
New developments in methods for transforming resources into goods or services are called _______ forces.
technological
The ______ approach to solving ethical dilemmas involves ethical behavior being guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
utilitarian
Sofia paid for a haircut and some hair-care products at a local salon. In the task environment, Sofia would be classified as a _______.
customer
Those who pay to use an organization's services or to buy their goods are called ______.
customers
Recent trends show that the percentage of the labor force represented by unions has _____.
decreased
Diversity in the US workforce is increasing in terms of race, ethnicity, and age groups. These are all examples of _____ forces.
demographic
