MAN3025 Chapter 8

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as: A. horizontal. B. flat. C. wide. D. tall.

D. tall.

Authority in organizations means ______, meaning managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks. A. power B. delegation C. accountability D. groupthink

C. accountability

Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change. A. slogans B. stories C. communications D. ceremonies

D. ceremonies

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart. A. values B. mission C. networking D. organizational

D. organizational

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your ______. A. delegation B. power C. authority D. responsibility

D. responsibility

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them. A. heroes B. stories C. rituals D. rewards

D. rewards

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Role modeling B. Training C. Profits D. Coaching

A. Role modeling B. Training D. Coaching

The type of organizational culture that has a strong external focus and values stability and control is a(n) ______ culture. A. market B. clan C. hierarchy D. adhocracy

A. market

Identify the types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. (Choose every correct answer.) A. Mechanistic B. Hollow C. Virtual D. Modular E. Tall

B. Hollow C. Virtual D. Modular

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. A. culture B. organization C. team D. adhocracy

B. organization

Select the types of organizational design. (Choose every correct answer.) A. Traditional B. Sectional C. Horizontal D. Open boundary

A. Traditional C. Horizontal D. Open boundary

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? A. Sales B. Rituals C. Values D. Decorations E. Awards

B. Rituals D. Decorations E. Awards

A ______ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control. A. market B. hierarchy C. adhocracy D. clan

D. clan

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? A. Higher market share in clan and market cultures B. Stronger quality and innovation in hierarchy cultures C. More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures D. Higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures E. Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures F. Higher market share in adhocracy cultures

A. Higher market share in clan and market cultures C. More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures E. Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures

Which are characteristics of clan culture? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Promotes a feeling of family B. Emphasizes profits over employee development and satisfaction C. Encourages collaboration among employees D. Structures work environment to aim at effectiveness and efficiency

A. Promotes a feeling of family C. Encourages collaboration among employees

Which are advantages of ensuring you have good potential fit with an organization before accepting a position? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Reduced work stress B. Fewer job responsibilities C. Positive work attitude D. Reduced intention to quit

A. Reduced work stress C. Positive work attitude D. Reduced intention to quit

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? A. The corporate headquarters of a global technology company B. A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat C. A food cart outside a sports stadium run by a single individual D. A freelance graphic designer

A. The corporate headquarters of a global technology company B. A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure? A. Who specializes in what work B. How things get done C. Who reports to whom D. How employees are responsible

A. Who specializes in what work C. Who reports to whom

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational ______ varies along two dimensions. A. effectiveness B. structure C. focus D. differentiation

A. effectiveness

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______. A. embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements B. creating narratives about events that happened in the organization C. outlining what is important to the organization through its acronyms, sayings, and slogans D. celebrating important achievements with activities and ceremonies

A. embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (Choose every correct answer.) A. encourage employee productivity B. recreate historical narratives C. introduce new slogans and sayings D. send a strong message about the culture

A. encourage employee productivity D. send a strong message about the culture

Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the ______. A. explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers B. physical elements such as awards and rituals C. least observable elements of the culture D. values and norms actually exhibited in the organization

A. explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. A. is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort B. is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time C. unifies employees and gives them a shared understanding of the organization's reason for being D. materializes in discrete parts of a task done by different people in the organization

A. is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a ______. A. simple structure B. divisional structure C. matrix structure D. functional structure

A. simple structure

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. A. unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being B. arranges discrete parts of a task done by different people C. ensures the right people do the right things at the right time D. coordinates individual efforts into group effort

A. unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit? A. The education level of an individual and its relation to the job or tasks she or he performs at work B. A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization C. The degree to which the organization's culture aligns with its strategic context D. How much the culture of the organization is related to the firm's long-term financial perspective

B. A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture? A. Structured work environment aimed at achieving effectiveness and efficiency B. Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes C. Best suited to companies that have established a stable market D. Driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results, productivity, and profits

B. Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes

Which of the following statements are true regarding a market culture? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Effectiveness is achieved through the use of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability. B. Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time, C. It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. D. Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction.

B. Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time, C. It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. D. Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction.

Which of the following statements regarding horizontal design are true? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Cross-functional teams are eliminated B. This design is also called a team-based design C. Workgroups are used to improve collaboration D. Internal boundaries are broken down

B. This design is also called a team-based design C. Workgroups are used to improve collaboration D. Internal boundaries are broken down

A(n) ______ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks. A. adjustable B. boundaryless C. centralized D. mechanistic

B. boundaryless

A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is called hierarchy of authority or ______. A. division of labor B. chain of command C. strategic management D. span of control

B. chain of command

Within a boundaryless organization, the ______ structure is also called a network structure. A. supply B. hollow C. virtual D. modular

B. hollow

An organization's ______ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture. A. statements B. leaders C. strategy D. mission

B. leaders

In organizational culture, a story is a(n) ______. A. process by which people learn the values, norms, and behaviors required to participate as organizational members B. narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value C. object or action that is used to convey an organization's most important values D. activity or ceremony that celebrates important accomplishments in the organization's life

B. narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value

Symbols in organizational culture represent ______. A. activities that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life B. objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others C. people whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization D. narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize particular values

B. objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit. A. industry B. organization C. work D. role

B. organization

In organizational culture, a hero is a(n) ______. A. activity or ceremony that celebrates important occasions in the organization's history B. person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values C. narrative that is repeated to emphasize a particular value D. process by which people learn the organization's required values, norms, and behaviors

B. person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values

The degree to which someone's personality and values align with the organizational culture of a firm is called ______. A. common purpose B. person-organization fit C. role modeling D. culture-organization fit

B. person-organization fit

Activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in an organization's life are known as rites and ______. A. symbols B. rituals C. stories D. heroes

B. rituals

A ______ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value. A. symbol B. story C. ritual D. rite

B. story

A company's ______ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business. A. culture B. strategy C. forecast D. structure

B. strategy

In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (Choose every correct answer.) A. demonstration B. structure C. performance D. culture

B. structure D. culture

In terms of organizational culture, a ______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others. A. story B. symbol C. ritual D. hero

B. symbol

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured ______ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values. A. myths B. training C. slogans D. rituals

B. training

______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. A. Responsibility B. Delegation C. Power D. Authority

D. Authority

When an organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster, the organization is said to have a ______ structure. A. modular B. supply C. virtual D. hollow

D. hollow

Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. A. unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being B. ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time C. coordinates individual efforts into a group-wide effort D. is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization

D. is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures. A. adhocracy B. hierarchy C. clan D. market

D. market

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______. A. espoused values B. vision statements C. basic assumptions D. observable artifacts

D. observable artifacts

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure? A. A flat hierarchy B. Authority in a single person C. Dispersed authority D. A tall hierarchy E. Low work specialization

A. A flat hierarchy B. Authority in a single person E. Low work specialization

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Activities B. Heroes C. Processes D. Outcomes

A. Activities C. Processes D. Outcomes

Organizational design is concerned with which activities? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies B. Excluding responsibility from the organizational structure C. Minimizing all forms of accountability within an organization D. Creating structures of accountability and responsibility

A. Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies D. Creating structures of accountability and responsibility

Which factors must work in concert to produce successful strategic execution? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Organizational culture B. Employee diversity C. Organizational structure D. HR practices

A. Organizational culture C. Organizational structure D. HR practices

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following? A. Rewards B. Stories C. Rites D. Status symbols

A. Rewards D. Status symbols

Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its ______ values. A. espoused B. achieved C. enacted D. observed

A. espoused

According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being? A. Coordinated effort B. Common purpose C. Division of labor D. Hierarchy of authority

B. Common purpose

A(n) ______ culture values flexibility and has an external focus. A. hierarchy B. adhocracy C. clan D. market

B. adhocracy

Functional organizational structures: (Choose every correct answer.) A. put employees with diverse occupational specialties together in formal groups. B. group activities around similar customers or clients. C. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. D. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups.

C. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. D. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups.

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through ______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor. A. span of control B. division of labor C. coordinated effort D. hierarchy of authority

C. coordinated effort

With ______, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency. A. common purpose B. hierarchy of authority C. division of labor D. coordinated effort

C. division of labor

An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a ______ structure. A. modular B. matrix C. functional D. team-based

C. functional

An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing. A. norm B. example C. hero D. symbol

C. hero

______ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy. A. Modification B. Accommodation C. Delegation D. Assimilation

C. Delegation

______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values. A. Slogans and sayings B. Stories, legends, and myths C. Formal statements D. Rites and rituals

C. Formal statements

Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture. A. formal statements B. legends and myths C. rites and rituals D. slogans and sayings

C. rites and rituals

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to ______. A. hierarchy of authority B. horizon of specialization C. span of control D. chain of command

C. span of control

What is the primary cause of failure for strategic initiatives? A. Employee resistance B. Executive interference C. Inadequate funding D. Improper execution

D. Improper execution

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent? A. Rites and rituals B. Stories and legends C. Physical design D. Formal statements

C. Physical design

When is the ideal time to assess person-organization fit? A. During the first performance review B. Immediately after being hired C. Prior to accepting a position D. Prior to an exit interview

C. Prior to accepting a position

What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design? A. People with similar occupations are put together. B. Employees are grouped around regional locations. C. Teams are used to improve collaboration and work. D. Internal boundaries are strengthened.

C. Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.

In organizational culture, rites and rituals represent ______. A. narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize a particular value B. people whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization C. activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life D. processes by which people learn the values, norms, and behaviors required by the organization

C. activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life

Hierarchy of authority, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. A. is represented by the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people B. unifies organizational members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being C. is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time D. coordinates individual efforts in an organization into an organization-wide effort

C. is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time

Place the steps you would use to determine your person-organization fit prior to a job interview in order, with the first step at the top.

1. Create a list of your personal values, strengths, and weaknesses 2. Create a list of the organization's values, strengths, and weaknesses 3. Compare your values, strengths, and weaknesses to those of the organization, and prepare questions to ask a potential interviewer regarding P-O fit

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions. 1. Horizontal 2. Vertical

1. Horizontal: Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers. 2. Vertical: Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control.