MAN3025- Final Exam

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true of diversity

It decreases absenteeism.

Which of the following best defines delegation of authority?

It is the assignment of direct responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

In the context of the job characteristics model, which of the following best defines autonomy

It is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the work

_____ is defined as a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

Job analysis

In the context of the decision rules that the normative decision theory uses, which of the following is a similarity between autocratic and consultative decision styles?

Neither should be used when subordinates lack enough information to make a decision.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a decision-making style that is recognized by the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model?

Participate

What leadership style would a person with an external locus of control be most likely to DISLIKE?

Participative

Identify a true statement about team norms

They bestow stronger organizational commitment

Identify a difference between raw data and information

Unlike raw data, information has context

Which of the following is a difference between oral communication and written communication?

Unlike written communication, oral communication is well suited for delivering complex, ambiguous, or emotionally laden messages.

It is the amount and number of raw materials, parts, and finished products that a company has in its possession.

Which of the following statements best explains the term inventory?

stacy is uncomfortable at work because her male colleagues occasionally make lewd sexual remarks. In the context of employment legislation, this scenario best illustrates _____.

a hostile work environment

You are looking for a job and see an advertisement for an open position at a local bakery. In the advertisement, you see a list of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of someone performing the job. This would be known as:

a job description

You are looking for a job and see an advertisement for an open position at a local bakery. The advertisement states that all applicants must have two years of experience in the baking industry and a working knowledge of bakery equipment. This would be known as:

a job specification

In the Marine Corps, subordinates want tough effective training that they know will some day save their lives. If you apply the Michigan studies in this case, the subordinates want...

a job-centered leader

which of the following best describes organizational plurality?

all members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to an organization, customers and themselves

Caleb received a notification from a food delivery app that certain restaurants would be out of service for the day. He assumed that these restaurants were shut down completely, which was not the case. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____

closure

Alexander is a consultant at a finance company. Other employees approach him for help in all types of stressful situations. He always keeps calm and is quick at finding solutions to problems. In the context of personalities, Alexander can be described as being _____.

emotionally stable

Damian, the chief executive officer of Starlet Systems, sends an email to all his employees informing them of the revised sales targets. This is an example of _____.

encoding

In the context of the basic perception process, _____ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge

interpretation

Critics of the LPC model contend that...

it is not valid

FitnessX is a gymnasium. The owner of the gymnasium has installed surveillance cameras in the main workout area to monitor the behavior of all the fitness trainers. This is an example of _____.

objective control

A(n) _____ is created to complete specific, one-time tasks within a limited time.

project team

in which of the following ways can companies ensure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else?

providing reasonable workplace accommodations for disabled employees

Charismatic leadership is closely linked with...

referent power

A person who attributes his or her success to hard work and failure to bad luck is most likely experiencing the _____.

self-serving bias

The__________is the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to internal causes and attributing failures to external causes.

self-serving bias

Which of the following is FALSE?

Average aggregate inventory is the number of times per year that company sells its average inventory.

Companies use early retirement incentive programs (ERIPs) to increase the number of employees in an organization.

False

Extraversion is the degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure, or excitable.

False

If employees can work effectively on their own, they can always work effectively in teams.

False

In the storming stage of team development, team members will have accepted team goals, be operating as a unit, and, as indicated by the increase in performance, be working together effectively.

False

True or False. Laws and regulations governing safety standards regulate the interaction between management and labor unions.

False

True or False. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is a major labor law.

False

When managers give administrative feedback, they are acting as coaches.

False

____ is a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies after they occur.

Feedback control

Which of the following signs indicates that a team's size needs to be changed?

If a few members dominate the team

If a machine requires 40 tons of steel to produce 30 tons of reinforced rods, the productivity of the machine is _____.

0.75

Which of the following programs seeks to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences instead of punishing them for not achieving specific sex and race ratios in their work forces?

A diversity program

At Debrelas, a cosmetics manufacturing company, the salespeople are eligible for quarterly bonuses only if they meet their sales target for each month in that particular quarter. In the context of reinforcement theory of motivation, which of the following intermittent reinforcement schedules does this scenario best illustrate?

A fixed ratio reinforcement schedule

Which of the following is an example of an individual who is leading?

A friend convincing you to go on a date

Rachel, a 35-year-old woman, is a manager at a leading software firm. Rachel is a dedicated and hardworking employee. Despite her work experience, she was overlooked for promotion twice. Instead, her male colleagues got promoted. She has finally decided to quit her job as she feels that she will not get the promotion that she deserves. In this scenario, which of the following has prevented Rachel from getting promoted?

A glass ceiling

Afecreen Inc. has an average of 85 working days in a quarter. The company conducts quality checks to assess the performance of its employees. The employees who perform well may receive a bonus after 70 days or 100 days, but the average interval between the completion of tasks and the receiving of bonus is 85 days. In the context of reinforcement theory of motivation, which of the following intermittent reinforcement schedules does this scenario best illustrate?

A variable interval reinforcement schedule

Every member of the space selling team at Sportetine, a monthly sports magazine, is given a target of eight full-page advertisements. A member might receive his or her bonus after he or she secures seven, nine, or ten advertisements per month provided he or she manages to secure an average of eight advertisements. In the context of reinforcement theory of motivation, which of the following intermittent reinforcement schedules does this scenario best illustrate?

A variable ratio reinforcement schedule

Which of the following BEST represents the outcome of the work done to determine what personal traits can be used to predict leader effectiveness?

A very long list of traits and the presence of alternative explanations for results made the studies of little value.

Which of the followingis software that encrypts Internet data at both ends of the data transmission process?

A virtual private network

Which of the following statements is true of a work team:

A work team consists of a small number of people with complementary skills

Which of the following statements is true of a work team?

A work team consists of a small number of people with complementary skills.

Nisha is a retail manager at Hexagon Corp. She needs to troubleshoot customer complaints regarding a product. She has to decide on either scrapping the product or replacing it with a different brand. Based on the customer complaints and favorable online reviews of an alternate brand, she decides to switch to a different brand. According to the normative decision theory, which of the following decision-making styles has Nisha adopted?

The employees of a company are self-centered and their individual goals do not align with the organization's goals. The manager is concerned with decision making and has all the information required to make a decision. He believes that the decision need not require the employees' acceptance. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision-making styles should the manager use?

Chenrezic Music Stores, a chain of stores selling musical instruments, is trying to improve its customer service. While examining its checkout data, it learned that people who buy guitar coves also buy guitar straps and vice versa. In this scenario, the use of data mining to find better ways to improve customer service has also led to the discovery of a(n) ____

Affinity pattern

The government of Montesia is working to change employers' perceptions of older workers and encourage companies to abandon mandatory retirement plans. In the context of the dimensions of surface-level diversity, which of the following types of discrimination is the government trying to eliminate in the country?

Age discrimination

The government of a country is working to change employers' perceptions of older workers and encourage companies to abandon mandatory retirement plans. In the context of dimensions of surface-level diversity, which of the following types of discrimination is the government trying to eliminate?

Age discrimination

Jacob is a cashier at a large supermarket. He is good-natured and easy to work with. His colleagues find him to be very cooperative. In the context of personalities, Jacob can be described as being _____.

Agreedable

Nisha is a retail manager at Hexagon Corp. She needs to troubleshoot customer complaints about a product. She has to decide whether to scrap the product or replace it with a different brand. Based on customer complaints about the product and favorable online reviews of alternate brands, she decides to switch to a different brand. According to the normative decision theory, which of the following decision-making styles has Nisha adopted in this scenario?

Which of the following best describes organizational plurality?

All members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to an organization, customers, and themselves.

Which of the following statements is true of organizational plurality?

All members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to an organization, customers, and themselves.

Due to an increase in the amount of employee turnover in a company, the company decided to be very thorough in gathering accurate information about the job applicants. It decided to uncover all job-related information not provided by the applicants in order to hire only those candidates who do not have an inconsistent employment history. This scenario illustrates that the company should conduct a ___________________.

Background check

Argon Inc., a textile company, installed new equipment in the factory two years ago. This increased the production rate. The chief executive officer of Argon wants to determine the current assets and liabilities of the company. The financial report that can provide this information is the __________.

Balance Sheet

Arthur, the managing director of Wall Blues Consultancy, wants to know his company's financial position two years ago. Which of the following tools can provide him this information?

Balance sheets

Which of the following is a difference between balance sheets and income statements?

Balance sheets provide a snapshot of a company's financial position at a particular time, whereas income statements show what has happened to an organization's income, expenses, and net profit over a period of time.

In the context of work teams, which of the following increases employee job satisfaction?

Being involved in decision-making processes

In the context of work teams, which of the following increases employee job satisfaction

Being involved in the decision making process

SO Corp. is an electronics company that recently entered the market. It uses the most ideal quality standards and best practices while developing its new product because the market is fairly saturated and only products of the highest quality will be likely to sell. Which of the following processes is being followed by SO Corp. to ensure the success of its product?

Benchmarking

__________is the process of identifying outstanding practices, processes, and standards in other companies and adapting them to one's company.

Benchmarking

In Scott Lawton's multi-step staffing process, the step that allows Barcelona to access the intelligence and performance of job candidates is:

Both B and C

Which of the following is a similarity between job descriptions and job specifications?

Both are important results of a job analysis.

Which of the following is a similarity between Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership theory and path goal theory?

Both assume that leaders are capable of adapting and adjusting their leadership styles to fit the demands of different situations.

In the context of autonomy, which of the following is a similarity between self-managing teams and self-designing teams?

Both can manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product.

In the context of autonomy, which of the following is a similarity between employee involvement teams and semi-autonomous work groups?

Both can provide advice or make suggestions to management.

Which of the following is a similarity between the discrimination and fairness paradigm and the access and legitimacy paradigm?

Both focus only on the surface-level diversity dimensions of sex, race, and ethnicity.

In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following is a similarity between leaders using the impoverished management leadership style and leaders using the authority-compliance leadership style?

Both have a low concern for production.

In the context of autonomy, which of the following is a similarity between traditional work groups and employee involvement teams?

Both lack the authority to make decisions related to the major tasks required to produce a product or service.

Which of the following is a similarity between feedback control and concurrent control?

Both provide criticism on the basis of outcomes and results

____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.

Brainstorming

Colby runs a start-up the sells seasonal holiday packages. He leads a team of 10 people. Every time his customers are happy with the package created for them, he rewards his employees with shopping vouchers. However, if they break rules or do not comply with the company's policies, he reduces their incentives. In this scenario, Colby is using _________.

Bureaucratic Control

_____ means that teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and sign-offs to get management approval before making changes.

Bureaucratic immunity

In which of the following ways can teams have healthy conflicts

By focusing on issues rather than personalities

In which of the following ways can teams have healthy conflicts?

By focusing on issues rather than personalities

Which of the following acts provides for jury trials and punitive damages for employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or national origin?

Civil Rights Act of 1991

Which of the following acts provides for jury trials and punitive damages for employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, or national orgin

Civil Rights act of 1991

____ is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know.

Closure

__________usually arise when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion.

Concertive controls

In the context of the stages of team development, which of the following is a difference between storming and performing?

Conflicts and disagreements often characterize the storming stage, whereas disagreements are rare in the performing stage.

Raakel needed to cut her department's budget by 10%. She called together directors and presented the statistical evidence. She then asked for their suggestions. Raakel used which decision-making style?

Consult group

Raakel needed to cut her department's budget by 10%. She contacted each one of her directors to present her statistical evidence and get each one's input. Raakel used which decision-making style?

Consult individually

_____ is defined as a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary to restore performance to those standards.

Control

__________is a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary to restore performance to those standards.

Control

__________occurs when behavior and work procedures do not conform to standards.

Control loss

_____ is a type of one-on-one communication that involves communicating with someone about non-job-related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance.

Counseling

Noah, the chief executive officer of Rhombus Corp., believes in maintaining a friendly work environment that includes employee benefits like flexible timing and insurance policies. Top managers in the company are approachable to the lower-level employees, thus maintaining a horizontal hierarchy. Moreover, Noah does not give much attention to performance. According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Noah using in this scenario?

Country club style

Noah, the chief executive officer of Rhombus Corp., believes in maintaining a friendly work environment that involves employee benefits like flexible timing and insurance policies. Top managers in the company are approachable to the lower-level employees, thus maintaining a horizontal hierarchy. Moreover, Noah does not give much attention to performance. According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Noah using in this scenario?

Country club style

Noah, the chief executive officer of Rhombus Corp., believes in maintaining a friendly work environment involving employee benefits like flexible timing and insurance policies. Top managers in the company are approachable to the lower level employees, thus maintaining a horizontal hierarchy. Moreover, Noah does not give much attention to performance. According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Noah using?

Country club style

Which of the following is a declining stage when teams are not effectively managed?

De-forming

When Marsha purchased an old Victorian, fixer-upper house, people thought she was crazy, but she had a vision for a bed-and-breakfast inn. She had to convince investors that a B&B was needed. According to the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model, Marsha used which decision-making style?

Decide

An information system that helps managers understand specific kinds of problems and potential solutions is a(n):

Decision Support System (DSS)

as a director of human resources at your organization, you have noticed an increase in drug abuse among your employees. You are at which stage of the decision making process?

Defining the problem

__ is a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that take responsibility for completing particular tasks.

Departmentalization

Mickey lets his people know what he expects of them, schedules work for his section, and gives his people guidance and direction. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Mickey exhibiting?

Directive

A job candidate is rejected on the pretext that he is hearing impaired. Which of the following types of discrimination does this exemplify?

Disability discrimination

____ is a technique of understanding the speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference and giving feedback that conveys that understanding to the speaker.

Empathetic listening

_____ is a technique of understanding a speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference and giving feedback that conveys that understanding to the speaker.

Empathetic listening

Which of the following is a difference between employee involvement teams and semi-autonomous work groups

Employee involvement teams do not have the authority to make decisions, whereas semi-autonomous groups have the authority to make decisions

Which of the following is a difference between employee involvement teams and semi-autonomous work groups?

Employee involvement teams do not have the authority to make decisions, whereas semi-autonomous groups have the authority to make decisions.

Carmine Inc. is a software firm that caters to the requirements of its clients. The company follows an employee-friendly workplace culture. Team members can access all vital and confidential data that is normally accessible only by managers. This helps in motivating the teams and keeping them well informed. This scenario illustrates that teamwork increases _____.

Employee job satisfaction.

The recruitment head at Auburn Inc. circulated an email to all the employees requesting them to share profiles of suitable candidates for a job opening in the company. Pamela forwarded one of her friends' résumé to the recruitment head as she felt that her friend's expertise would suit the job description. Which of the following methods of recruitment has Auburn Inc. adopted in this scenario?

Employee referral

The recruitment head at Auburn Inc. circulated an email to all the employees requesting them to share profiles of suitable candidates. Pamela forwarded one of her friends' resume to the recruitment head as she felt that her friend's expertise would suit the job description. Which of the following methods of recruitment has Auburn Inc. adopted in this scenario?

Employee referral

Identify a step that managers can take to motivate employees using the expectancy theory.

Empower employees to make decisions

You are a manager at Pirate Pharmaceuticals, which is a drug manufacturing company. After a string of incidents at other drug manufacturing companies that left many people injured, you set a goal of having zero safety violations at your organization over the next year. This would be an example of which step in the control process?

Establishing Standards

Billy initially started playing golf as a hobby. As he began to get better at the sport, he wanted to represent his club in the championships so that he could get sponsorships and get recognized for his talent. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Billy's___

Esteem Needs

Ziff Corp., a company that manufactures construction materials, uses 10,000 tons of iron per year to make reinforced rods. Its ordering costs are $20 per order and holding costs are $10 per ton. According to the economic order quantity (EOQ) model, approximately how often should the company place a fresh order for iron?

Every seven days

You and some classmates decided to join a bowling league. You formed a team and bowled together a few times to get to know one another a little better. The league starts in a few days, and now everyone on the team is arguing about what the team name should be. Which stage of development is your bowling team in?

Example of storming

Derek is a manager. When Pamela, one of Derek's subordinates was also promoted as a manager, he decided to work overtime so that he could finish more work and receive more incentives than Pamela. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario illustrate?

Expectancy Theory

In the context of expectancy theory, which of the following is a difference between expectancy and instrumentality?

Expectancy is the perceived relationship between effort and performance, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards.

At Ambrinsent, a start-up company, every employee chooses to go through an additional training process before promotion. The employees believe that their improved capabilities after training would be highly rewarded. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario illustrate?

Expectancy theory

Donna, a senior engineer at Ampersand Inc., often takes out time from her busy schedule to train her subordinates. She hopes that she gets recognized for the hard work she puts in. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario illustrate?

Expectancy theory

_____ holds that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Expectancy theory

_____ says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Expectancy theory

__________says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Expectancy theory

____ power is based on knowledge and expertise.

Expert

____ is a path-goal situational factor that describes the personal belief that whatever happens to the individual is a matter of luck or fate.

External locus of control

_____ is the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from outside the company.

External recruiting

Citrus Inc., a leading Internet service provider, provides its top managers with a bonus every year. However, this year the company performed poorly and its average stock price dropped below the industry standards. The company decided not to reward the managers this time around. This scenario typically illustrates the reinforcement contingency of ________.

Extinction

_____ is a reinforcement strategy that weakens behavior by removing a positive consequence associated with the behavior.

Extinction

Victor, a software engineer, accepted a project for developing an easy-buy application for cell phones. The project had a stringent deadline that other engineers deemed impossible to complete. With proper planning and motivation, Victor was able to develop the application on time. Victor's accomplishment was rewarded with a _________ for his effort.

Extrinsic Reward

__ rewards are tangible, visible to others, and given to employees contingent on the performance of tasks/behaviors, while ___ rewards are the natural rewards associated with performing a task/activity for its own sake.

Extrinsic; intrinsic

A disadvantage of phased retirement is that it increases a company's hiring and training costs.

False

A just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is used with independent demand systems.

False

According to research results, older workers are more likely to use drugs and alcohol at work.

False

Adverse impact is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, color, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

False

Affirmative action guarantees diversity.

False

Affirmative action is unrelated to the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

False

Affirmative action programs guarantee workplace diversity

False

Downsizing is the loss of employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company.

False

Dysfunctional turnover is the loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave an organization.

False

Economic value added (EVA) is the same thing as profits.

False

Extrinsic rewards are given to motivate people to look for better jobs outside a company.

False

Feedback is not necessary in the communication process when the sender and receiver are both confident that they understand each other.

False

In unstructured interviews, interviewers ask only for important, job-related information.

False

Laws and regulations governing safety standards regulate the interaction between management and labor unions.

False

Pay, benefits, and job security/organizational financial stability are considered very important intrinsic factors that motivate employees.

False

__________are calculations typically used to track a business's liquidity, efficiency, and profitability over time compared to other businesses in its industry.

Financial ratios

Vanessa is appointed as the project manager for a project on new product development at Glacier Inc. After selecting employees from different functional areas to work as a team, she conducts a meeting with the new team members so that they can get to know each other. Following a brief interaction session, Vanessa presents the team norms to them. This scenario illustrates that Vanessa's team is in the _____ stage of team development

Forming

Forming.

Bovindar, a wholesale distributor of gym equipment, organizes its salesforce based on the region it caters to. Therefore, the salespeople who work in the north, south, east, and west regions of a country report to their respective department heads. In this scenario, which of the following organizational structures does Bovindar most likely follow?

Geographic departmentalization

Patrick, a marketing manager at Flares Inc., sets performance goals for his subordinates. He discusses the goals with one of his subordinates named Jim. Jim agrees to the specific goals and works toward achieving them. Which of the following components of goal-setting theory is illustrated in this scenario?

Goal Acceptance

According to goal-setting theory, _____________ is the extent to which goals, are detailed, exact, and unambiguous.

Goal Specificity

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of goal-setting theory?

Goal congruity

Which of the following is a strategy for waste prevention and reduction?

Good housekeeping

In the context of measuring job performance of employees, identify a subjective performance measure.

Graphic rating scales

In the context of measuring job performance of employees, identify a subjective performance measure. Question options:

Graphic rating scales

Which of the following is a subjective performance measure?

Graphic rating scales

The finance team of a company conducts a meeting to discuss the worthiness of investing its funds in the local share market. Although most of the team members support the idea, one member, Mikhail, feels that the proposed investment is risky as the stock prices of many companies in the market has been erratic. However, Mikhail does not voice his opinion fearing that his dynamics with the team would be affected. The phenomenon that reflects Mikhail's psychology is called _____.

Group think

Peter disagrees with the automation of many of the company's processes but decides not to speak against it as his team is in favor of the changes. Peter believes that disagreeing with his team will have negative effects on the team. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

Group thinking

___ is a barrier to good decision making caused by pressure within the group for members to agree.

Groupthink

Which of the following signs indicates that a team's size needs to be changed

If a few members dominate the team

Which of the following is the form of political behavior in which people try to enhance their image in the eyes of others?

Impression management

__________means that transformational leaders encourage followers to be creative and innovative, to question assumptions, and to look at problems and situations in new ways even if their ideas are different from those of leaders.

Intellectual stimulation

Which of the following is a difference between internal attributions and external attributions?

Internal attributions are those in which behavior is thought to be voluntary or under the control of the individual, whereas external attributions are those in which behavior is thought to be involuntary and beyond of the control of the individual.

Adam is a human resource specialist who firmly believes that whatever happens to him is the result of hard work and determination. Which path-goal personal characteristic best describes Adam's attitude toward himself?

Internal locus of control

In the context of the job characteristics model, _____ is motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards such as a raise or praise from the boss

Internal motivation

Which of the following is a difference between internal recruiting and external recruiting?

Internal recruiting involves hiring people who already work in the company, whereas external recruiting involves hiring people from outside the company.

Which of the following is TRUE?

Internal service quality refers to quality of treatment that employees receive from management and other divisions in an organization.

In the context of the basic perception process, ___ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge

Interpretation

Lois has been working as an illustrator in a marketing communications company. She is good at her work and knows how to use different illustration software packages. She enjoys her job as she gets to learn new styles of artwork. She is extremely content with her growth in the organization. This scenario best illustrates a(n)___________.

Intrinsic Reward

_____ are the natural rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

Intrinsic rewards

Which of the following is an advantage of cross-training

It allows a team to function normally even in the absence of a member

Which of the following is an advantage of cross-training?

It allows a team to function normally even in the absence of a member.

Which of the following is an advantage of matrix departmentalization

It allows companies to manage in an efficient manner large, complex tasks

Which of the following statements is true of phased retirement?

It allows companies to retain experienced, valuable workers.

Which of the following is an advantage of product departmentalization?

It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise

an advantage of product departmentalization

It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise.

which of the following statements is TRUE of functional departmentalization?

It allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists.

How does Fiedler's contingency theory differ from other situational theories?

It assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change.

Which of the following is an advantage of geographic departmentalization?

It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers

an advantage of geographic departmentalization

It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

Which of the following is true of diversity?

It decreases absenteeism.

Sundown Communications, a media company, recently became ISO 9000 certified. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true of Sundown Communications?

It displays consistency in quality management and quality assurance in the company.

Identify a true statement about a self-control system.

It does not result in anarchy

Which of the following is true of internal recruiting?

It improves employee commitment and morale.

Which of the following is true of supportive leadership?

It involves being approachable to employees and treating them as equals.

Which of the following statements is true of directive leadership?

It involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them.

Identify a true statement about manual capture of information.

It involves recording and entering data by hand into a data storage device.

Which of the following is true of the glass ceiling?

It is a barrier that prevents women from advancing to the top jobs in organizations.

Which of the following best defines an interorganizational process?

It is a collection of activities that take place among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value.

Which of the following best defines strategic dissonance?

It is a discrepancy between a company's intended strategy and the strategic actions taken by managers while implementing that strategy.

Which of the following is true of the Situational Leadership Model?

It is a powerful, rigid tool that is based on the relationship between different types of followers.

Which of the following defines job posting?

It is a procedure for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees.

Which of the following best defines competitive inertia?

It is a reluctance to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past.

Which of the following is true of diversity pairing?

It is aimed at changing stereotypical beliefs and attitudes.

In the context of environmental contingencies, which of the following describes the formal authority system?

It is an organization's set of procedures, rules, and policies.

Which of the following is true of developmental feedback?

It is designed to improve future performance

In the context of performance appraisal, which of the following is true of developmental feedback?

It is designed to improve future performance.

What is true of the company Mitchell Gold and Bob Williams?

It is involved in many different social causes

Which of the following statements defines storage cost?

It is the cost of physically or electronically archiving information for later use.

Which of the following statements defines communication cost?

It is the cost of transmitting information from one place to another.

In the context of the job characteristics model, which of the following best defines autonomy?

It is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their work.

In the context of recruitment, which of the following best defines validation?

It is the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance.

Which of the following best defines staff authority?

It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command.

Which of the following defines motivation?

It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and make people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership?

It is unrealistic to combine the behavior and trait approaches in one theory

Which of the following statements is true of groupthink?

It leads to consideration of a limited number of alternative solutions.

Which of the following is an advantage of the balanced scorecard?

It minimizes the chances of suboptimization.

Which of the following is true of job specialization?

It occurs when a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process

Which of the following statements is true of feedforward control?

It provides information about performance deficiencies by monitoring inputs rather than outputs.

Which of the following is an advantage of internal recruiting?

It reduces recruitment start-up time and costs

Which of the following statements is true of affective conflict

It relates to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional

Which of the following statements is true of affective conflict?

It relates to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

Which of the following statements is true of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)?

It requires that employers provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm

Which of the following is true of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)?

It requires that employers provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

true of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

It requires that employers provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

Which of the following statements is true of reinforcement theory?

It says that behaviors followed by negative consequences will occur less frequently.

Which of the following statements describes positive reinforcement?

It strengthens behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the path-goal theory of leadership?

It suggests that leaders can use any one of four styles of leadership as required.

The _____ is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes

Job Characteristics Model

Skrugetech Inc. designs its jobs in such a way that each job profile has a number of tasks associated with it. The employees are also given a substantial amount of liberty to make decisions about their work as long as they fulfill other work and quality requirements. In the context of job design, Skrugetech Inc. is most likely using _____.

Job Enrichment

Billy works as a book editor in a publishing company. The chief supervisor of the company makes Billy work with a different department every month. In the context of job design, this is an example of _____.

Job Rotation

Stephanie is a receptionist at Violetcoast Corp. Over a period of six months, Stephanie has done a variety of jobs, such as data entry and preparing financial statements, along with her daily work. This scenario is an example of _____.

Job Rotation

Jason is an employee at Manisch Burger and Meals. He is assigned the task of serving soft drinks to customers ordering meals with potato fries, a burger, and a roll. Which of the following best illustrates Jason's job design?

Job Specialization

Tom is an editor for the sports column at Mailing Daily. Chloe, Tom's manager, asks him to handle the essay column along with the sports column. Which of the following job redesign techniques is used by Chloe?

Job enlargement

Which of the following equations best represents job performance?

Job performance= Motivation x Ability x Situational Constraints

Jason is an employee at Manisch Burger and Meals. He is assigned the task of serving soft drinks to customers who order meals consisting of potato fries, a burger, and a roll. Which of the following best exemplifies Jason's job design?

Job specialization

Which of the following is a reason for smaller representation of minority groups in management positions?

Most companies do not prefer hiring candidates of minority groups.

In the Marine Corps, subordinates want tough effective training that they know will some day save their lives. Marines also want to be well taken care of by a supportive leader. Marines' desires for tough training and supportive leaders support the ____ model of leadership behavior.

Ohio State studies

Camila is a new employee at Dario Enterprises and is undergoing training. A senior employee from her team is assigned to mentor Camila. Camila learns by watching her mentor perform various tasks and by working on simple tasks alongside her mentor. Which of the following training methods has Dario Enterprises adopted to train Camila?

On-the-job training

which of the following statements is true of employee turnover?

One of the best ways to influence functional and dysfunctional turnover is to link pay directly to performance

Which of the following statements is true of employee turnover?

One of the best ways to influence functional and dysfunctional turnover is to link pay directly to performance.

Which of the following strategies should be used by companies to minimize sex discrimination?

Pairing promising female executives with senior executives for mentoring

Sturdy Furniture, a furniture company, started to lose its customer base because of increasing competition. Then Aaron, the chief executive officer of the company, installed a suggestion box in which the employees could drop notes with ideas on how the company can reinvent its image. Most of the employees shared their creative ideas with great enthusiasm in the hope that their ideas would be considered. The leadership style that is illustrated in this scenario by Aaron is called___________.

Participative Leadership

Relish Inc. is a famous fast food chain in the United States. However, increasing competition affected the company's market. Nicholas Cain, the CEO of Relish, created an online forum for employees to share ideas about innovative methods to attract customers. The forum overflowed with new ideas. Subsequently, Nicholas conducted a meeting to discuss the ideas and also introduced a recipe customization counter that was a grand success. The company has now earned back its customer base. According to path-goal theory, this leadership style is called _____.

Participative leadership

Which of the following leadership theories is a direct extension of the expectancy theory of motivation?

Path-goal

You supervise a group of very competent employees who have been at their present jobs an average of seven years. Which two theories would say that you have LITTLE need to use a directive style of leadership and that subordinates may even resent it if you do?

Path-goal and substitutes for leadership

Which of the following is a situational leadership model?

Path-goal theory

_____ states that leaders can increase subordinate satisfaction and performance by clarifying and clearing the routes to objectives and by increasing the number and kinds of rewards available for the attainment of objectives.

Path-goal theory

__________states that leaders can increase subordinate satisfaction and performance by clarifying and clearing the routes to goals and by increasing the number and kinds of rewards available for goal attainment.

Path-goal theory

Which of the following statements about perception and perceptual filters is true?

People perceive according to experience-based differences.

According to path-goal theory, the subordinate contingency of __________ refers to how capable subordinates believe they are in doing their jobs well.

Perceived Ability

_____ is the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments.

Perception

Which of the following causes people exposed to the same information to often disagree about what they saw or heard?

Perceptual filter

_____ are the personality-, psychology-, or experience-based differences that influence people to ignore or pay attention to particular stimuli.

Perceptual filters

Plebbon, a public relations firm, is an organization where hard work is greatly valued. The management of Plebbon makes sure that it hires and retains genuinely sincere and hardworking employees. Given this information, which of the following selection tests does Plebbon most likely conduct to hire the right candidates?

Personality tests

Flagon Inc., a specialty bottle manufacturing company, pays its employees a percentage of the organization's profits over and above their regular compensation. Which of the following compensation systems has Flagon adopted?

Profit sharing

After Herman was appointed the chief financial officer of an e-commerce company, the company recorded the highest ever profits. The company's board of directors decides to offer Herman a luxury car so that he would continue his good work and remain with the organization. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

Reinforcement Theory

A furniture manufacturing company in the city of Capontash has decided to start operations in the underdeveloped island country of Ballowan. None of its operations staff and trainers want to move to Ballowan because the towns there are not as developed as the towns in Capontash. Therefore, the company gives the top 10 best-performing employees of the next quarter an option to not relocate to Ballowan. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

Reinforcement theory

Sam is a customer service executive at Flix—an apparel store. He went beyond his primary role of assisting customers to suggesting or styling outfits for them. This gesture was well appreciated by the customers. The company's manager immediately rewarded Sam with a bonus for his good performance. Which of the following theories of motivation did Sam's manager adopt in this scenario?

Reinforcement theory

Sam is a fashion designer for Flix, an apparel store. He usually goes beyond his primary role of designing clothes to suggesting marketing strategies to the marketing team. This gesture is well appreciated by his supervisor as the company sees an increase in the number of its customers. As a result, the supervisor rewards Sam with a bonus for his good performance. Which of the following theories of motivation does Sam's manager use in this scenario?

Reinforcement theory

The engineers at Westbloc Inc. who failed to complete their tasks on time were asked to work on weekends without additional pay. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

Reinforcement theory

The human resources department of Mevertyn, a public relations firm, decided to stop giving meal coupons to the employees who come late to office. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

Reinforcement theory

Isaac manages a team of software engineers at Progress Technologies. One of his subordinates, Luke, is always late to work. Owing to this, Isaac prefers him the least. However, he always has nice things to say about Luke. He feels that Luke deserves to be part of his team because he is pleasant, friendly, and communicative. In this scenario, Isaac has a(n) ___________ leadership style

Relationship-Oriented

In the context of the perception process, which of the following is a difference between attention and retention?

Retention is the process of memorizing information after we have perceived something, whereas attention is the process of noticing, or becoming aware of, particular stimuli

Which of the following exemplifies an intrinsic reward?

Richard enjoys his job and sees it as a chance to learn something new.

_____ teaches employees the practical expertise they need for managing a diverse workforce, such as flexibility and adaptability, negotiation, problem solving, and conflict resolution.

Skills-based diversity training

In the context of selection tests, which of the following is a difference between specific ability tests and work sample tests?

Specific ability tests measure aptitude for doing a particular task well, whereas work sample tests require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job.

In the context of selection tests, which of the following is a difference between specific ability tests and cognitive ability tests?

Specific ability tests predict job performance in only particular types of jobs, whereas cognitive ability tests accurately predict job performance in almost all kinds of jobs.

Pixelprowe, an animation company, wants to hire roto artists who possess the following skills: basic knowledge of visual effects software, understanding of composition and color, and good line quality. In this scenario, which of the following selection tests should Pixelprowe conduct to hire the right candidates?

Specific ability tests- WRONG Cognitive ability tests-WRONG

_____ are accounting statements that show what has happened to an organization's revenue, expenses, and net profit over a period of time.

Statements of stakeholders' equity

_____ is the stage of team development when team members jockey for position and try to establish a favorable role for themselves on the team.

Storming

is the stage of team development when team members jockey for position and try to establish a favorable role for themselves on the team.

Storming

the stage of team development when team members jockey for position and try to establish a favorable role for themselves on the team.

Storming

_____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization.

Strategic leadership

____________ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization.

Strategic leadership

__________is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization.

Strategic leadership

means giving teams the ability to change organizational designs, policies, and practices if doing so helps them meet their stretch goals.

Structural accommodation

For the past three years, the interviews conducted at Gavallet, an e-commerce site, have been following the same pattern. Candidates often prepare by using the previous interview questions available online. Even when interviewers at Gavallet change, they are given a fixed set of interview questions by the company's human resources department to follow. Which kind of interview is Gavallet most likely using?

Structured interview

To cut costs, Wray Enterprises laid off 30 employees. Thereafter, the existing employees were given cross-training to perform additional job duties. This led to increased productivity, but it also increased the instances of error. This scenario illustrates_______.

Suboptimization

_____ occurs when performance improvement is attained in one part of an organization but only at the expense of decreased performance in another part.

Suboptimization

Pete tells his staff what to do, but not how to do it. When they come to him for help, he assists them and treats them as equals. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Pete exhibiting?

Supportive

Which of the following is a difference between surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity?

Surface-level diversity is immediately observable, whereas deep-level diversity usually reveals itself at a later stage.

The underlying assumption of situational models of leadership is that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another. Which of the following is an example of one situation identified by Fiedler?

Task structure

Working Mother magazine ranked Bon Secours Richmond Health System as one of the top ten companies for working families. CEO Peter Bernard says "We expect our managers to support flexible schedules, promote education, push job development and encourage a healthy work/life balance. According to Fiedler's research, what is the most effective form of leader behavior for Bernard to adopt?

Task-oriented

Mathew is a manager at Wonderworld Hypermarket. He finds it difficult to cooperate and work with Anthony when it comes to getting the work done to meet the sales targets. Anthony is Mathew's least preferred subordinate. Mathew describes Anthony as gloomy, insincere, lazy, unfriendly, and boring when his boss asks for a feedback about his subordinates. In this scenario, Mathew is following a _____ leadership style.

Task-oriented

Which of the following statements is true of the norming stage of team development

Team members begin to settle into their roles as team members in the norming stage of team development

Which of the following is most likely a result of minority domination

Team members do not feel accountable for the decision and actions taken by their teams

Which of the following is most likely a result of minority domination?

Team members do not feel accountable for the decision and actions taken by their teams.

Which of the following is necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams

Teams must be empowered with control of resources, such as budgets, workspaces, and computers

Which of the following is necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

Teams must be empowered with control of resources, such as budgets, workspaces, and computers.

Toysoft Corp., a company that makes plastic toys for children, recently received an order for 250 toy cars. For this order, the company has an inventory of 100 kilograms of plastic, 75 kilograms of fiberglass, 500 toy wheels, 1,000 light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, 135 toy cars in various stages of manufacturing, and 50 completed toy cars. In this scenario, which of the following components of the inventory can be categorized under work-in-process inventory?

The 135 toy cars in various stages of manufacturing

Kendra is a retail manager at Shonder Corp. She needs to respond to customer complaints regarding a product and fix the problem. To do that, she has to decide on either scrapping the product or replacing it with a different brand. Based on the success and favorable online reviews of an alternate brand, she decides to switch to a different brand. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision styles has Kendra adopted in this scenario?

The AI decision sty

Adeline runs a multi-cuisine restaurant. On the day of a big event at the restaurant, the chefs run out of cooking gas. At this point, Adeline brings her staff together to discuss how quick arrangements could be made for procuring more cooking gas. She allows the chefs to make the decision on what needs to be done next. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision styles has Adeline adopted in this scenario?

The GII decision style

Adeline runs a multi-cuisine restaurant. On the day of a big event at the restaurant, the chefs run out of cooking gas. At this point, Adeline brings her staff together to discuss how quickly arrangements could be made for procuring more cooking gas. She allows the chefs to make the decision on what needs to be done next. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision styles has Adeline adopted in this scenario?

The GII decision style

Clayton is the leader of a team that recently launched a mobile application. The application seems to be malfunctioning because of a technical problem with the codes the application runs on. Under such circumstances, Clayton asks his team members to come up with a solution. Together, they try to figure out how to troubleshoot this problem. Clayton accepts the solution that has the support of the entire team. Thereafter, he asks them to implement the changes in their own way. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision styles has Clayton adopted in this scenario?

The GII decision style

Dress-Up is an online retailer of accessories and casual wear. The website faced a server problem for a couple of hours and stopped functioning. The manager of the backend technical team gathered his subordinates and discussed the problem with them. All team members shared their inputs. Thereafter, he implemented the solution that had the support of the entire team. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision styles has the manager adopted in this scenario?

The GII style

Which of the following is a difference between the access and legitimacy paradigm and the learning and effectiveness paradigm?

The access and legitimacy paradigm focuses on the surface-level diversity dimensions of sex, race, and ethnicity, whereas the learning and effectiveness paradigm focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences, such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values, into the actual work of an organization.

Cooper is a sales manager at Emporium Inc. He enforces strict work rules and is insensitive to his subordinates' needs. In addition, he sets unrealistic sales targets for his subordinates and deducts their salaries if they fail to meet their monthly targets. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Cooper using in this scenario?