management 15-18 ggc
Which one of the following actions accurately reflects the reinforcement theory of motivation? Question options: A) A company's policy of cutting a day's pay if an employee reports to work later than 10.30 A.M. B) A company's policy of giving its sales staff cash coupons for exceeding their daily targets. C) A company setting specific and difficult goals and ensuring that employees accept them. D) A company initiating a process of job redesign to engage its employees better.
A company's policy of cutting a day's pay if an employee reports to work later than 10.30 A.M.
An individual who is high in ________ is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. Question options: A) self-esteem B) Machiavellianism C) risk taking D) self-monitoring
Machiavellianism
The dimension of trust that is used to describe honesty and truthfulness is ________. Question options: A) competence B) consistency C) integrity D) loyalty
integrity
Which one of the following motivating factors or concepts is important to all workers, regardless of their national culture? Question options: A) need for achievement B) extrinsic factors like pay C) interesting work D) physiological needs as the foundational need in the needs hierarchy
interesting work
If you believe that you control your own destiny, which one of the following personality traits are you likely to possess? Question options: A) risk aversion B) external locus of control C) high self-esteem D) internal locus of control
internal locus of control
Which component of attitude is reflected in the sentence, "This is the best way to get to our destination"? Question options: A) emotive B) cognitive C) affective D) behavioral
cognitive
The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees. Question options: A) autocratic B) democratic C) participative D) laissez-faire
democratic
When Fred recently met with the employees to let them know the product schedules and what he expected of them, he displayed which one of the following leadership styles? Question options: A) achievement-oriented B) supportive C) directive D) participative
directive
Donald discovers major flaws in the packaging department. He consults the production manager and formulates control measures to improve packaging. Here, Donald is using the ________ control. Question options: A) reactive B) feedback C) feedforward D) concurrent
feedback
Helen investigates an incident involving a shooting in her workplace. She wants to take measures to control its effects. By doing this she is exerting ________ control over the incident. Question options: A) feedback B) concurrent C) reactive D) feedforward
feedback
When a young child emulates a professional sports star's behavior, what kind of power does the star have over the child? Question options: A) expert B) legitimate C) coercive D) referent
referent
All of the following are sources of leader power except ________. Question options: A) legitimate B) status C) coercive D) expert
status
________ corrects the problem at once to get performance back on track. Question options: A) Basic corrective action B) Verbal feedback C) Disciplinary action
Immediate corrective action
________ leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future for an organization that improves on the present. Question options: A) Trait B) Transactional C) Visionary D) Charismatic
Visionary
Tammy's boss has asked her to take on a project in addition to her regular work. According to expectancy theory, Tammy will consider the instrumentality and ask herself, "________." Question options: A) What's in it for me? B) Do I really have time to take on another project? C) What are the odds that if I expend effort on the project my performance will be satisfactory to the boss? D) How much time will this project take?
What are the odds that if I expend effort on the project my performance will be satisfactory to the boss?
"He could do it if he wanted to. He just doesn't like that part of his job, that's all." A statement like this from a supervisor indicates ________. Question options: A) a fundamental attribution error B) a halo effect C) locus of control error D) the horn effect
a fundamental attribution error
The ________ approach to performance measurement was introduced as a way to evaluate organizational performance from more than just the financial perspective. Question options: A) balance sheet B) income statement C) market value D) balanced scorecard
balanced scorecard
The ________ approach to performance measurement was introduced as a way to evaluate organizational performance from more than just the financial perspective. Question options: A) income statement B) balance sheet C) balanced scorecard D) market value
balanced scorecard
Operant conditioning argues that ________. Question options: A) behavior patterns are established in childhood B) behavior is a function of its consequences C) behavior is learned through observation D) all behavior has unintended consequences
behavior is a function of its consequences
Joanna has a very clear idea of what she wants her team to accomplish and often works that idea into conversations with her subordinates. She uses unconventional and sometimes controversial means to achieve her ends, but her subordinates know she has their backs. Joanna can be described as a(n) ________ leader. Question options: A) participative B) charismatic C) telling D) authoritative
charismatic
The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions is the ________ component. Question options: A) affective B) cognitive C) behavioral D) mental
cognitive
In a familiar children's book, a little locomotive was asked to pull a heavy train up a steep mountain. The "little engine," as he was called, kept telling himself "I think I can. I think I can." The little engine was ________. Question options: A) low in risk avoidance B) high in self-efficacy C) low in commitment D) high in need for affiliation
high in self-efficacy
McGregor's Theory Y assumes that employees ________. Question options: A) enjoy work B) want to avoid responsibility C) need to be closely controlled to work effectively D) have little ambition
enjoy work
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for self-respect, autonomy, achievement, status, recognition, and attention constitute his ________ needs. Question options: A) safety B) social C) esteem D) self-actualization
esteem
Juan is the person employees go to when knowledge of a topic was needed. Juan holds ________ power. Question options: A) legitimate B) referent C) reward D) expert
expert
Your firm's attorney exercises ________ power when giving legal advice. Question options: A) status B) expert C) coercive D) legitimate
expert
Eliminating any reinforcement that's maintaining an undesirable behavior is called ________. Question options: A) elimination B) punishment C) extinction D) extraction
extinction
The Big Five Model of personality includes ________. Question options: A) perception B) intuition C) extraversion D) judgment
extraversion
In the job characteristics model, the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which doing work activities required by a job results in an individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance. Question options: A) feedback B) autonomy C) task significance D) task identity
feedback
The information provided by the customer who brings a product in for warranty work can be used for ________ control Question options: A) preventive B) feedforward C) concurrent D) feedback
feedback
An organization hires additional personnel as soon as they get a major contract. The organization is using ________ control. Question options: A) management B) concurrent C) feedforward D) feedback
feedforward
Contours, Inc., knows each drill bit can cut approximately 100,000 holes before the hole size is smaller than the print specification so it changes drill bits after 95,000 uses. Contours, Inc., is using ________ control. Question options: A) preventive B) feedforward C) predictive D) concurrent
feedforward
Charles wants to prevent problems before their occurrence. Which one of the following is the most desirable type of control to achieve this goal? Question options: A) preventive control B) feedforward control C) feedback control D) proactive control
feedforward control
To maximize motivation among today's workforce, managers need to think in terms of ________. Question options: A) compensation B) job autonomy C) flexibility D) job security
flexibility
Early research on leadership traits ________. Question options: A) sought to prove that charisma was an essential trait of leadership B) found consistent and unique traits that would apply to all effective leaders C) focused on behavioral traits rather than physical traits of a leader D) focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders
focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders
Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________. Question options: A) fundamental attribution error B) halo effect C) locus of control error D) self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
Clinical psychologists suggest that employee theft ________. Question options: A) happens because people find ways to rationalize this behavior as correct B) occurs primarily when there are poor management-labor relations C) is a symptom of poor planning and management control D) reflects deep cultural problems in the society
happens because people find ways to rationalize this behavior as correct
The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs is referred to as ________. Question options: A) job evaluation B) job specification C) job design D) job rotation
job design
To measure a leader's style, Fiedler developed the ________. Question options: A) situational leadership theory B) least-preferred co-worker questionnaire C) managerial grid D) contingency grid
least-preferred co-worker questionnaire
Kay is the supervisor that the employees go to for task-related decisions. Kay holds ________ power. Question options: A) expert B) legitimate C) coercive D) reward
legitimate
Which one of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy? Question options: A) coercive power B) reward power C) expert power D) legitimate power
legitimate power
According to the three-needs theory, the best managers tend to be ________. Question options: A) high in the need for achievement B) high in the need for affection C) low in the need for power D) low in the need for affiliation
low in the need for affiliation
Which one of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational commitment? Question options: A) higher rates of cognitive dissonance B) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism C) higher rates of voluntary turnover D) lower levels of job involvement
lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
Control techniques can be quite different for different countries. The differences are primarily in the ________. Question options: A) way employees respond to the controlling measures B) types of tasks that employees perform in various countries C) measurement and corrective action steps of the control process D) strategic orientation of each technique
measurement and corrective action steps of the control process
The words "I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul" are consistent with someone who ________ Question options: A) has an external locus of control B) is out of control C) is high in openness to experience D) has an internal locus of control
has an internal locus of control
People in the accounting department generally arrive 15 minutes early. So does Valerie, who is late today. This situation shows ________. Question options: A) low consensus B) high consistency C) high consensus D) low consistency
high consensus
As a flower arranger, Beth doesn't have to wait for someone to tell her. She can look at an arrangement and know whether she did a good job. Beth's job has ________. Question options: A) high feedback B) low task significance C) high autonomy D) low skill variety
high feedback
"Any additional violations of company policy will result in escalating disciplinary action up to and including termination." This statement found on many corrective action forms, is an example of ________. Question options: A) negative reinforcement B) extinction C) positive reinforcement D) punishment
negative reinforcement
People with a high need for achievement ________. Question options: A) make good managers, especially in large organizations B) emphasize helping others accomplish their goals C) emphasize the rewards of success D) prefer moderately challenging goals
prefer moderately challenging goals
The plant superintendent wants to know the value of products per man hour. She is concerned with ________. Question options: A) productivity B) waste C) profits D) costs
productivity
She was only three but already had a temper. Her favorite outburst was to stomp her foot. So her mother made her stomp and stomp and stomp until there was no more stomping left in her. This mother was using ________ to alter her daughter's behavior. Question options: A) positive reinforcement B) punishment C) extinction D) negative reinforcement
punishment
The use of employee recognition programs as motivational tools is consistent with the ________ theory. Question options: A) three-factor B) expectancy C) hierarchy of needs D) reinforcement
reinforcement
According to the JCM, which job characteristic results in the employee knowing about the actual results of his or her work activities? Question options: A) skill variety B) autonomy C) task significance D) feedback
task significance
The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and proceduralized is the ________ contingency dimension identified by Fiedler. Question options: A) production orientation B) task structure C) organizational structure D) initiating structure
task structure
Which one of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environment" by the path-goal theory? Question options: A) employee satisfaction B) perceived ability C) locus of control and experience D) task structure and formal authority system
task structure and formal authority system
According to Hersey and Blanchard, a high task-low relationship situation calls for the ________ leadership style. Question options: A) participating B) telling C) delegating D) selling
telling
In the expectancy theory, ________ is the importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job. Question options: A) expectancy B) saliency C) instrumentality D) valence
valence
Managers should use subjective measures when ________. Question options: A) employee attitudes are at stake B) work activities are critical to the organization C) work activities cannot be expressed in quantifiable terms D) organizational processes and activities are complex
work activities cannot be expressed in quantifiable terms
Managers should use subjective measures when ________. Question options: A) work activities are critical to the organization B) work activities cannot be expressed in quantifiable terms C) organizational processes and activities are complex D) employee attitudes are at stake
work activities cannot be expressed in quantifiable terms
At the end of every month, the accounting department submits a balance sheet, statement of profit and loss, and cash flow statement to the senior management team. These are all ________. Question options: A) personal observations B) statistical reports C) written reports D) oral reports
written reports
Which one of the following sources provides information which is comprehensive, formal, and easy to file and retrieve? Question options: A) written reports B) oral reports C) personal observations D) online reports
written reports
________ is defined as the failure to report to work. Question options: A) Turnover B) Absenteeism C) Tardiness D) Negligence
Absenteeism
________ ratios measure how efficiently the firm is using its assets. Question options: A) Activity B) Liquidity C) Profitability D) Leverage
Activity
________ ratios measure how efficiently the firm is using its assets. Question options: A) Leverage B) Activity C) Liquidity D) Profitability
Activity
Which one of the following observations best explains why the control function is important? Question options: A) An effective control system includes employee empowerment. B) An effective control system is the only way managers know whether organizational goals are being met. C) An effective control system assures that the organization will meet or exceed its goals. D) Organizational strategies are formed during the controlling stage.
An effective control system is the only way managers know whether organizational goals are being met.
________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior. Question options: A) Attribution B) Behavior C) Stereotype D) Perception
Attribution
________ is the search for the best practices among competitors or non-competitors that lead to their superior performance. Question options: A) Total quality management B) Benchmarking C) Market positioning D) Factor analysis
Benchmarking
Which one of the following is an example of a feedforward control measure used to control possible workplace violence? Question options: A) Investigate incidents and take appropriate action. B) Clearly communicate the security policies to employees. C) Use corporate hotlines for reporting and investigating incidents. D) Review company policies and change, if necessary.
Clearly communicate the security policies to employees.
________ is the final step in the management process, which provides a critical link back to ________. Question options: A) Organizing; planning B) Planning; controlling C) Leading; organizing D) Controlling; planning
Controlling; planning
________ justice is the perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals. Question options: A) Retributive B) Distributive C) Procedural D) Restorative
Distributive
At his last performance evaluation, Elliott agreed to earn 20 continuing education credits before his next annual review. Ten months later, he still has not earned any. From this lack of action, we can infer that ________. Question options: A) Elliott was not committed to the goal B) Elliott is low in self-efficacy C) Elliott's manager is a Theory Y manager D) Elliott works in a low uncertainty avoidance culture
Elliott was not committed to the goal
Which one of the following is true about job enlargement and job enrichment? Question options: A) Research shows that job enrichment is very useful in improving the quality of work of employees. B) Expanding the scope of knowledge used in a job leads to more job satisfaction, enhanced customer service, and fewer errors. C) Research shows that job enrichment improves employee motivation and satisfaction. D) Job enlargement efforts that focus solely on increasing the number of tasks are largely effective in increasing employee motivation.
Expanding the scope of knowledge used in a job leads to more job satisfaction, enhanced customer service, and fewer errors.
The ________ model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence. Question options: A) path-goal B) University of Michigan C) Fiedler contingency D) situational leadership
Fiedler contingency
________ is measured by the costs of acquiring and transforming organizational resources into outputs. Question options: A) Leverage B) Input C) Profit D) Quality
Input
________ refers to the degree of control employees have over their work. Question options: A) Job scope B) Job depth C) Task identity D) Task significance
Job depth
________ refers to the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated. Question options: A) job enlargement B) job enrichment C) Job scope D) Job depth
Job scope
________ is when a manager in the work area interacts directly with employees to maintain supervision. Question options: A) Feedforward control B) Management by walking around C) Preventive maintenance D) Proactive control
Management by walking around
Why are more and more companies empowering nonmanagerial employees? Question options: A) Managers needs to make quick decisions. B) Empowerment is appropriate for all circumstances. C) Managers must cope with increased work demands. D) Organizational upsizing left many managers with smaller spans of control.
Managers must cope with increased work demands.
Which one of the following is true about motivating unique groups of workers? Question options: A) For most temp workers, the freedom they get from their temporary status is the main motivator. B) Higher pay is the only reward that is important to low-skilled, minimum-wage employees. C) Flexible work arrangements have shown a strong link with high motivation levels. D) Money and promotions are typically low on the priority list of professionals.
Money and promotions are typically low on the priority list of professionals.
The goal for the sales team at the auto dealership was to sell one new car per day every day of the month. In August the team sold 33 cars. What should management do? Question options: A) Revise the goal. If the team sold more than the goal, obviously the goal is too low. B) Nothing. The deviation is insignificant. C) Celebrate. Any achievement beyond the goal is deserving of a celebration. D) Wait. See if the performance is duplicated next month before taking any action.
Nothing. The deviation is insignificant.
________ behavior is voluntary or learned behavior. Question 1 options: A) Reactive B) Reflexive C) Operant D) Dissonant
Operant
Ruth, a financial consultant, determines her client's leverage ratio to be very high. What suggestion could Ruth give to help the firm reduce its leverage ratio? Question options: A) Reduce the sales to total assets ratio of the firm. B) Increase the money supply by selling a part of its assets. C) Maintain more current assets than current liabilities. D) Pay back part of its debts to improve the ratio.
Pay back part of its debts to improve the ratio.
What is a key point of Holland's theory? Question options: A) Employee turnover is highest when personality and occupation are compatible. B) All jobs are relatively the same, it is personality types that differ. C) People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied. D) There are no intrinsic differences in personality among individuals.
People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied.
Helen noticed employee theft has increased. She has considered several options to deal with this loss. Which one of the following is likely to be the most effective concurrent control? Question options: A) Publicly announce thefts when they are discovered. B) Carefully screen job applicants using honesty testing. C) Publicize progress in reducing theft. D) Dismiss any employee involved in theft.
Publicize progress in reducing theft.
Flipping burgers at the local drive-thru is Marla's first job. She has no work experience, no marketable skills. Which one of the following would you suggest her manager do to keep Marla motivated to perform at her highest level? Question options: A) Offer her a promotion if she meets specific goals. B) Recognize her best performance with public praise. C) Pay her more than minimum wage. D) Pair her with a long-term employee to train her in her job tasks.
Recognize her best performance with public praise.
________ theory says that behavior is a function of its consequences. Question options: A) Two-factor B) Expectancy C) Reinforcement D) Equity
Reinforcement
Sam is the manager at a department store. He has 20 employees working for him who are mostly unhappy and discontented with the way he threatens them for even minor errors. Which one of the following statements is likely to be true about Sam? Question options: A) Sam is using coercive power to get the job done. B) Sam is using referent power to get the job done. C) Sam is a transactional leader. D) Sam is a telling leader.
Sam is using coercive power to get the job done.
Which one of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory? Question options: A) Herzberg believed that the factors that lead to job satisfaction were the same as those that lead to job dissatisfaction. B) Satisfaction is not the opposite of dissatisfaction. C) According to Herzberg, removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job will invariably make that job more satisfying and motivating. D) To motivate people, Herzberg suggested emphasizing the hygiene factors of a job.
Satisfaction is not the opposite of dissatisfaction.
________ is a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior according to external situational factors. Question options: A) Self-management B) Self-esteem C) Self-monitoring D) Self-awareness
Self-monitoring
________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck. Question options: A) Self-serving bias B) Locus of control error C) Stereotyping D) Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Which one of the following would support Evelyn's attempt at becoming a participative leader? Question options: A) She lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks. B) She is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates. C) She sets challenging goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level. D) She consults her subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.
She consults her subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.
At the beginning of every shift, Cody records the amount of pizza sauce in inventory. At the end of every shift, he records the number of pizzas made and the amount of pizza sauce left in inventory. Why would he do this? Question options: A) So he can determine if employees are taking sauce home. B) So he will know how much pizza sauce to order. C) So he will know how many customers visited his pizza parlor during his shift. D) So he can compare the quantity used with the budgeted amount.
So he can compare the quantity used with the budgeted amount.
Which one of the following is an advantage of using statistical reports as the source of information? Question options: A) Statistical reports provide unbiased information. B) Statistical reports can be used to obtain firsthand knowledge. C) Unfiltered information can be obtained using statistical reports. D) Statistical reports are effective for showing relationships.
Statistical reports are effective for showing relationships.
Which one of the following represents the controlling function? Question options: A) The production manager schedules a new customer order. B) The quality auditor selects one piece every 15 minutes from the batch of molded products and, using very precise gauges, measures key dimensions on the part. C) The die cast machine operator adjusts the settings on the machine. D) The shift supervisor checks the production schedule for the day.
The quality auditor selects one piece every 15 minutes from the batch of molded products and, using very precise gauges, measures key dimensions on the part.
Joe watches his youngest employees like a mother hen to make sure they stay on task and off their cell phones. Joe is behaving like a ________ manager. Question options: A) Theory X B) Two-factor C) Theory Z D) Theory Y
Theory X
John knows his more experienced workers don't need him to "babysit" them; he trusts them to know what to do, how to do it, and to get it done on time. In this respect, John is a ________ manager. Question options: A) Two-factor B) Theory X C) Theory Z D) Theory Y
Theory Y
When Alan was promoted to the head of the sales team at Mac Software Inc., he chose three of his closest friends in the team to form the core sales group with him. Which one of the following predictions would be consistent with the LMX theory? Question options: A) There will be a higher turnover among team members who are not a part of the core group. B) Team members who are not a part of Alan's core group are actually far more competent than his friends who form the core team. C) Such an arrangement eventually becomes unstable. D) Job satisfaction is more likely to be higher for the team members who are not a part of the core group.
There will be a higher turnover among team members who are not a part of the core group.
If Rhonda is a charismatic leader, which one of the following characteristics is she most likely to possess? Question options: A) a strong need to be in control B) a lack of sensitivity to environmental constraints C) a willingness to take risks to achieve her vision D) an external locus of control
a willingness to take risks to achieve her vision
If Rhonda is a charismatic leader, which one of the following characteristics is she most likely to possess? Question options: A) a willingness to take risks to achieve her vision B) an external locus of control C) a lack of sensitivity to environmental constraints D) a strong need to be in control
a willingness to take risks to achieve her vision
According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards. Question options: A) achievement B) affiliation C) control D) power
achievement
Lately Francesca has been setting challenging goals and expecting subordinates to perform at their highest level. According to the path-goal model, she is acting as a(n) ________ leader. Question options: A) achievement-oriented B) high task C) high structure D) production-oriented
achievement-oriented
The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions. Question options: A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) spiritual
affective
Edward is the cheerleader type, always smiling, never makes an unkind statement, always looks for the good in people and situations. Edward is high in ________. Question 1 options: A) feeling B) emotional stability C) perception D) agreeableness
agreeableness
In the Big Five Model of personality, ________ refers to the degree to which someone is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting. Question options: A) extraversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
agreeableness
Sarah is using the JCM to redesign jobs for her small team of writers. After carefully analyzing their jobs, she determines that while their jobs are high in skill variety, task identity, task significance, and autonomy, they receive little feedback about their work. Which one of the following steps will enable Sarah to improve this aspect of their jobs? Question options: A) making employees responsible for executing a piece of work from start to finish B) allowing writers to choose their topics and assignments C) adding editing and proofreading duties to their existing work D) allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients
allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients
Anne prefers one-page memos with only the main points of the issue. As a manager, she has limited amounts of time to read about internal problems. So when she prepares memos for her boss, she provides a brief outline of the situation to spare her boss the agony of having to read the boring details. Anne has succumbed to ________. Question options: A) stereotyping B) the liking effect C) assumed similarity D) the halo effect
assumed similarity
James, a new manager, is a very hard-working. He believes that people who are hardworking will always make sure that the work gets done on time. Even when he is out of the office, he supposes that his subordinates are working diligently because he works diligently most of the time. James's perceptions of his employees are based on ________. Question options: A) selective perception B) halo effect C) stereotyping D) assumed similarity
assumed similarity
The regular use of ________ can alert managers to potential problems and employees' intentions early enough to do something about them. Question options: A) attitude surveys B) employee benefit plans C) performance incentives D) employee engagement
attitude surveys
Individual behavior in organizations includes ________. Question options: A) policies and procedures B) structure, culture, and team building C) attitudes, learning, and motivation D) strategies, norms, and roles
attitudes, learning, and motivation
Cecil, CEO of a mid-size manufacturing company, readily accepts responsibility for his firm's products, including its mistakes. He is rather quiet but still a strong leader. Cecil could be called a(n) ________ leader. Question options: A) ethical B) authentic C) transformational D) supportive
authentic
Bernard expects his employees to "check their brains at the door." He does all the thinking, makes all the decisions, and issues commands to his subordinates. Bernard uses the ________ style of leadership. Question options: A) democratic B) authoritarian C) laissez-faire D) autocratic
autocratic
Which one of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employee participation? Question options: A) autocratic style B) authoritarian style C) democratic style D) laissez-faire style
autocratic style
for outcomes of his or her work? Question options: A) task significance B) feedback C) autonomy D) skill variety
autonomy
Mary dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take. This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as ________. Question options: A) negative feedback B) management by objectives C) cognitive dissonance D) difficult objectives
cognitive dissonance
Management by walking around is an example of ________ control. Question options: A) feedback B) feedforward C) reactive D) concurrent
concurrent
The launch went off without a hitch but the space capsule directed toward Neptune has veered off course. NASA sends signals to change the direction of flight to get it back on track. NASA is using ________ control. Question options: A) preventive B) concurrent C) feedback D) feedforward
concurrent
The management control that takes place while a work activity is in progress is known as ________ control. Question options: A) consistent B) feedback C) concurrent D) immediate
concurrent
Reviews of the major studies undertaken to test the overall validity of Fiedler's model have shown ________. Question options: A) mixed results with some studies supporting the model and others refuting it B) considerable evidence to refute the model C) considerable evidence to support the model D) support for only part of the model
considerable evidence to support the model
According to the Ohio State studies, the ________ dimension of leader behavior is defined as the extent to which a leader has job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings. Question options: A) relationship management B) consideration C) integrity D) people orientation
consideration
Shaun is the manager of a warehouse operated by a department store. He is trusted by his subordinates because he shares information freely, is reliable, and shows extremely good judgment while handling any type of crisis. Shaun is also known to be very protective of his staff. Which dimensions of trust is he exhibiting? Question options: A) loyalty, consistency, and competence B) integrity and loyalty C) competence and openness D) consistency, loyalty, and openness
consistency, loyalty, and openness
The path-goal theory is a(n) ________ model of leadership that extracts key elements from the expectancy theory of motivation. Question options: A) untested B) contingency C) alternative D) fixed
contingency
When employee satisfaction is measured, employees seemed to be more satisfied under a(n) ________ leadership style than under a(n) ________ one. Question options: A) laissez-faire; participative B) democratic; directive C) democratic; autocratic D) supportive; laissez-faire
democratic; autocratic
According to the path-goal theory, a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed ________. Question options: A) directive B) achievement oriented C) participative D) supportive
directive
Eddie generally lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks. He would be termed a(n) ________ leader. Question options: A) situational B) directive C) high-structure D) supportive
directive
Brianne has been coming in late and producing less recently, obviously dissatisfied with her job. Her supervisor would like to know how to deal with these behaviors so they don't spread to other employees. His wisest course of action would be to ________. Question options: A) discover the source of her dissatisfaction B) ignore them and hope the situation resolves itself C) discipline her for being late D) send her to HR for employee counseling
discover the source of her dissatisfaction
When Bob discovered Tom had a larger paycheck for the same amount of effort, his concern centered on ________ justice. Question options: A) restorative B) retributive C) procedural D) distributive
distributive
Which one of the following refers to the overall output of goods or services produced divided by the inputs needed to generate that output? Question options: A) productivity B) yield C) efficiency D) effectiveness
efficiency
Cindy's elementary school-aged children brought home lists of supplies required for their classes so Cindy raided the office supplies cabinet. Her rationale is that her employer doesn't pay her enough to buy these items. Cindy is engaging in ________. Question options: A) compensation management B) equity adjustment C) employee theft D) workplace piracy
employee theft
Filing of fraudulent expense reports is an example of ________. Question options: A) employee theft B) workplace piracy C) workplace violence D) privacy intrusion
employee theft
The ________ element in the definition of motivation is a measure of intensity, drive, and vigor. Question options: A) effort B) direction C) persistence D) energy
energy
Bob is a social butterfly. He often leaves his workstation to chat with coworkers. He volunteers for every problem-solving team and enjoys planning the annual summer employee picnic. Bob has a ________. Question options: A) low need for power B) high need for esteem C) low need for safety D) high need for affiliation
high need for affiliation
A person who can adapt and adjust behavior to external factors has ________. Question options: A) high self-monitoring B) an internal locus of control C) low self-esteem D) high risk-taking ability
high self-monitoring
The last worker in the assembly line put on the tires and tightened the lug nuts. When asked what he did, he replied, "I build tractors." For this worker, his position included ________. Question options: A) high autonomy B) high task variety C) high feedback D) high task identity
high task identity
"We can't pay much but our clients could not manage without people like you in their lives." This statement indicates that the position has ________. Question options: A) low self-efficacy B) high task significance C) high task identity D) high feedback
high task significance
Herzberg called the factors that create job dissatisfaction ________ factors; when these factors are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they won't be satisfied either. Question options: A) motivating B) dissatisfiers C) intrinsic D) hygiene
hygiene
The employees at KLM Company are complaining that the supervisors tend to pick favorites within their departments. Company policies are not equally enforced and the favorites are not disciplined for safety violations. These employees are complaining about ________. Question options: A) Theory X management B) hygiene factors C) equity theory D) intrinsic factors
hygiene factors
"No, James, you must start the timer after you lower the French fry basket into the fryer, not before." This supervisor is using ________. Question options: A) basic corrective action B) delayed corrective action C) immediate corrective action D) disciplinary action
immediate corrective action
If a manager wanted to increase the ratio of outputs to inputs, she should ________. Question options: A) increase productivity B) decrease the selling price C) increase the quality of inputs D) hire additional employees
increase productivity
When data is analyzed and processed, it becomes ________. Question options: A) a structure B) fact C) information D) a system
information
Sarah, the floor supervisor, seems to be a different person depending on whom she is with and what the situation demands. She has the ability to adjust her behavior as and when required. This indicates that she ________. Question options: A) has a high need for affiliation B) has low self-esteem C) is low on Machiavellianism D) is high in self-monitoring
is high in self-monitoring
Jack Hammer is a retired man who has decided to seek work with your company to supplement his retirement income. As you consider whether he will be a good fit for your department, you decide that he is likely to find satisfaction in the job because it ________. Question options: A) is in a highly structured work environment B) provides an opportunity for interpersonal relationships C) offers convenient and flexible work hours D) is characterized by a high degree of independence
is in a highly structured work environment
The study of group behavior includes the study of ________. Question options: A) norms, roles, and leadership B) organization structure and culture C) attitudes and personality D) perception, motivation, and learning
norms, roles, and leadership
According to the Big Five Model of personality, a person who has a wide range of interests and is imaginative, fascinated with novelty, artistically sensitive, and intellectual is described as ________. A) emotionally stable B) extraverted C) conscientious D) open to experience
open to experience
Darren enjoys many genres of music and art. He has visited several European countries. It is very likely Darren is high in ________. Question options: A) conscientiousness B) emotional stability C) openness to experience D) agreeableness
openness to experience
When coworkers need help, they ask Edwina. She seems to know more about the job than everyone. She graduated with high honors from college and continues to learn all she can about a variety of interests. Edwina would score high in ________. Question options: A) thinking B) conscientiousness C) openness to experience D) perception
openness to experience
Which one of the following sources usually provides filtered information which cannot be documented? Question options: A) oral reports B) online reports C) written reports D) personal observations
oral reports
The evidence supporting the superiority of transformational leadership over the transactional style is ________. Question options: A) inconclusive B) overwhelmingly impressive C) moderately negative D) moderately supportive
overwhelmingly impressive
According to the path-goal model, when Greg consults with the employees for suggestions prior to making a decision, he displays which one of the following leadership styles? Question options: A) participative B) democratic C) supportive D) considerate
participative
Irene, CEO of a small company, strongly believes in Douglas McGregor's assumptions about human nature. Which one of the following management practices is Irene most likely to favor to maximize employee motivation? Question options: A) making jobs narrower in scope and shallow in depth B) a stringent system of monitoring and controlling employees C) a top-down decision-making structure D) participatory management
participatory management
If your boss could be described as flexible, adaptable, and tolerant, he or she would probably score high on which one of the following aspects of the MBTI®? Question options: A) extraversion B) perceiving C) feeling D) sensing
perceiving
In the expectancy theory, ________ is the degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome. Question options: A) effort-performance linkage B) valence C) performance-reward linkage D) expectancy
performance-reward linkage
Blanca nods as she watches her new employee as he executes the steps in making French fries. Her purpose is to make sure he follows the instructions exactly as given. Blanca is using ________. Question options: A) statistical reports B) nonverbal feedback C) mentoring D) personal observation
personal observation
Which one of the following sources of information for measuring performance is time consuming, obtrusive, and subject to personal biases? Question options: A) written reports B) personal observations C) statistical reports D) oral reports
personal observations
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ________ needs form the lowest or foundational step in the hierarchy. Question options: A) psychographic B) psychomotor C) psychological D) physiological
physiological
Matthew is worried that he will not be able to pay his mortgage and feed his family since he was laid off from his production job. Which one of Maslow's levels of need is a concern to Matthew? Question options: A) esteem B) psychological C) self-actualization D) physiological
physiological
According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise. Question options: A) control B) achievement C) leadership D) power
power
Jill has tried hard to build a good rapport with her employees and knows each of their families. She encourages her employees to work hard, but to be certain to take time out for themselves and their families. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jill as ________ oriented. Question options: A) production B) task C) relationship D) consideration
relationship
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which one of the following is a motivator? Question options: A) security B) working conditions C) salary D) responsibility
responsibility
Which one of the following ratios measures how efficiently and effectively the firm is using its assets to generate revenue? Question options: A) inventory turnover ratios B) total asset turnover ratios C) acid test ratio D) return on investment
return on investment
Clay is a transactional leader who can provide tangible rewards for good performance for his employees. Clay holds ________ power. Question options: A) legitimate B) referent C) coercive D) reward
reward
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when an employer provides his employees health insurance, he is taking care of their ________ needs. Question options: A) esteem B) self-actualization C) safety D) social
safety
Which one of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? Question options: A) safety B) self-actualization C) esteem D) social
safety
Andrea closely monitors the job satisfaction of her subordinates because she believes ________. Question options: A) it is hard to discipline an employee because of the employee's attitude B) satisfied workers are more productive C) low satisfaction leads to counterproductive behaviors D) she will be rated in this area on her performance evaluation
satisfied workers are more productive
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for growth, achieving one's potential, and self-fulfillment constitute his or her ________ needs. Question options: A) psychological B) self-actualization C) social D) esteem
self-actualization
Which one of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior? Question options: A) telling B) selling C) participating D) delegating
selling
When a manager molds an individual's behavior by guiding his or her learning in graduated steps, he is using ________. Question options: A) motor reproduction processes B) programmed learning C) retention processes D) shaping processes
shaping processes
In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company has a space where employees can meet during breaks and catch up with each other, the company is taking care of the employees' ________ needs. Question options: A) social B) self-actualization C) safety D) psychological
social
According to the path-goal model, when Ginger spends time with the employees so they can see that she is friendly and has concern for them, she displays which one of the following leadership styles? Question options: A) considerate B) participative C) supportive D) people-oriented
supportive
According to the path-goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed ________. Question options: A) directive B) achievement oriented C) participative D) supportive
supportive
Brooke has decided that the appropriate leadership style would be to show friendliness and concern for the needs of her subordinates. According to the path-goal model, she wishes to be a(n) ________ leader. Question options: A) participative B) relationship-oriented C) supportive D) considerate
supportive
Jack emphasizes to his people that the work must be done, regardless of circumstances, and encourages his employees to meet their sales quotas. He is generally liked, but because sales are unstructured, sometimes his employees resent his rather heavy-handed approach. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jack as ________ oriented. Question options: A) relationship B) organization C) task D) employee
task
In the job characteristics model, ________ refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work. Question options: A) task significance B) autonomy C) skill variety D) task identity
task identity
Managers could choose to do nothing when ________. Question options: A) performance standards are acceptable, though the employees have not attained it B) an employee fails to attain the standard because of internal problems C) the difference between actual performance and standard performance is low and acceptable D) the variance observed from the expected performance is caused due to unrealistic standards
the difference between actual performance and standard performance is low and acceptable
By using ________, we form a general impression about a person based on only a single characteristic, such as intelligence or appearance. Question options: A) the halo effect B) assumed similarity C) selectivity D) stereotyping
the halo effect
During the interview Ken was so impressed with Barbie's knowledge of aesthetic engineering he offered her the job on the spot. Unfortunately her job performance did not meet his expectations. Ken may have fallen victim to ________. Question options: A) the halo effect B) selective perception C) stereotyping D) assumed similarity
the halo effect
Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal. Commitment is most likely when ________. Question options: A) goals are not made public B) goals are assigned and not self-set C) the individual has low self-efficacy D) the individual has an internal locus of control
the individual has an internal locus of control
Trait theory ignores ________. Question options: A) the fact that leaders should be able to create visions and solve problems B) physical traits of leaders C) the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors D) the aspects of honesty and integrity
the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors
According to the path-goal theory, employee performance and leadership style are likely to be positively related when ________. Question options: A) the leadership style compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting B) the leader adopts a directive style of leadership with followers who have an internal locus of control C) the leader adopts a directive style when the tasks are clear and the employee has the experience and the ability to handle them D) the leader displays directive behavior at all times
the leadership style compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting
Bonnie's boss has offered her baseball game tickets if she meets her sales goals this month. Bonnie looked at him in disbelief and did not put forth the effort to meet the goals. According to expectancy theory, from this we can surmise ________. Question options: A) the instrumentality was low B) the reward had low valence for Bonnie C) the effort-reward linkage was weak D) the expectancy was only moderate
the reward had low valence for Bonnie
The comparing step in the control process determines ________. Question options: A) a company's relative position in the industry in terms of the standards used B) the variation between actual performance and an external benchmark from a noncompetitor C) a company's relative position in the industry in terms of performance variances D) the variation between actual performance and the standard
the variation between actual performance and the standard
In his speech the previous day, the new CEO had discussed his experience in the industry and his education. Carrie thought that the new CEO would do a great job given these characteristics, coupled with his good oratory skills and the fact that he just looked like a CEO. Carrie realized that she had been judging the new CEO in a manner consistent with the ________ theories of leadership. Question options: A) trait B) contingency C) behavioral D) situational
trait
Bill expects his employees to wonder "What's in it for me?" when he assigns extra tasks to them, so he is ready with an answer about the reward for their work. Bill is a(n) ________ leader. Question options: A) transactional B) transformational C) charismatic D) situational
transactional
A leader, such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance, is known as a(n) ________ leader. Question options: A) transformational B) transactional C) directive D) informational
transformational
Rachel's colleagues and subordinates have a very high regard for her. They know that no one can get high-quality work done the way Rachel can. She inspires her team to excel in their work, even exceeding their own expectations. What her subordinates like best about Rachel is that they are free to discuss her decisions with her, even question her once in while if they are not sure about her strategy. Which one of the following best describes Rachel's leadership style? Question options: A) transformational B) transactional C) charismatic D) authentic
transformational
Andrew has been tracking how many positions he has to fill, and how many times he fills the same position. He is concerned that so many people are leaving his organization. Andrew is concerned about ________. Question options: A) employee attitudes B) productivity C) absenteeism D) turnover
turnover
