Management 260 Final Exam

Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week?

A four day period in which an employee works 40 hours.

What is flextime?

A work schedule where employees can pick their start/end time as long as they work in a specific time.

Maslows hierarchy shows

The order in which people strive to satisfy their needs.

Which of the following alternatives best describes the purpose of most groups?

To create change within an organization.

When an employee sees somebody performing a certain behavior and intimidates them, this is called

Vicarious Learning

Which of the following refers to a management control system customized for a company's industry, technology, mission and strategy?

Balanced Scorecard

What name is given to the principal means of controlling the availability and cost of financial resources?

Budgeting

Transformational leaders generally display which of the following characteristics?

Uses charisma to inspire employees, communicates a shared vision, promotes change, and strong support for an ethical culture.

In expectance theory, each potential outcome has a value or importance to the individual, which is called?

Valence

While intuitive decision making is not based on formal analysis or conscious reasoning, it often has a very real basis in...

Years of experience.

At least one several hundred change agents has shown that the single most positive facilitator of a change program is?

Creating a shared vision with employees apart of the change.

The first step in determining production process is?

Determining consumer wants.

What are budgets?

Formal, written plans for future operations in financial terms.

What name is given to the stage when group members meet for the first time or two, become acquainted and familiarize themselves with the task?

Forming

Which of the following is a factor commonly considered when determining a facility location?

Foxed position layout

In the change analogy elephant and the rider, the elephant represents which of the following?

Impulse

Which of the following best describe management control?

Includes all activities an organization undertakes to ensure that its actions lead to achievement of its goals.

What shows the profitability of an organization overtime and helps managers focus on the organizations overall revenues and the costs incurred in generating those revenues?

Income Statement

What term describes the processes that are developed to provide assurance that an organization reaches its objectives relating to operational efficiency, accuracy of financial reporting and regulatory compliance?

Internal Controls

Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job?

Job sharing

What term describes a transition period during which the behaviors of the organization or department are shifted to a new level?

Moving

Based on Maslows hierarchy, a homeless person will most likely work toward fulfilling which of need?

Physiological

Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others?

Power

What term describes the act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences?

Punishment

Which of the following refers to the activities an organization undertakes to ensure that its products meet its established standards?

Quality control.

The behavior expected of a specific person in the group are referred to as?

Roles

Which of the following refers to the person who wishes to relay or share particular information and meaning, and imitates the communication process?

Sender

In general, the process of communication is?

Sender encodes, sends message through channel, receiver decodes to interpret and understand.

When a manager assumes that men are better at number oriented tasks than women, they are engaging in?

Stereotyping

The stage in group development in which members begin to assert their roles, jockey for leadership and make their thoughts and feelings known about the task is?

Storming

When a temporary group of employees is formed that is responsible from bringing about a particular change is called a?

Task Force

Which of the following is an example of an external force that may affect and organization?

Technology

What is meant by charisma?

The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate based on personal traits.

Which of the following characteristics relates to positive reinforcement?

The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes.

What is operations management?

The development and administration of the activities involved in transforming resources into goods and services.

What is leadership?

The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward the achievement of a goal.

Which of the following best describes communication?

The process through which information and meaning are transferred from one person to another.

Effective communication is defined as sending a message in such a way that?

The receiver can decode and understand without misunderstandings.

In group and team development, what is storming stage?

The stage when conflict occurs and team members start to assert their roles.

Which of the following refers to a management style that strives to create a customer-centered culture that defines quality for the organization and lays the foundation for activities aimed at attaining quality related goals?

Total Quality Management

What term describes a style that goes beyond mere exchange relationships by inspiring employees to look beyond their one interests and by generating awareness and acceptance of the groups purposes?

Transformational Leadership

Which of the following characteristics relates to a decision?

A choice made from alternative courses of action in order to deal with a problem.

Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader?

A leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees.

What is path-goal theory?

A model concerned with how a leader affects employees perceptions of their personal power and work goals and how to get there

What is meant by expectancy?

A persons expectation that effort will lead to a desired outcome.

What is meant by brainstorming?

A technique in which group members spontaneously suggest ideas to solve a problem.

Which of the following is an advantage of management control?

Able to control and manage all parts of an organization, and ensure its products are at a standard quality.

What his meant by behavior modification?

An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating consequences to behaviors.

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?

An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals.

What is the congruence model of change?

An outgrowth in the systems approach to organizational theory, emphasizes the interrelationships between the various parts of an organization.

Which of the following characteristics relates to organizational change?

Any medication in the behaviors or ideas of an organization or its units.

Which of the following seeks to regulate overall organizational functioning through reliance on informal, organic structural arrangements?

Clan control

Which of the following relates to an organizationally based source of power derived from a leaders control over punishment and the capacity to deny rewards?

Coercive Power

A permanent group that does some specific task is called a?

Committee

Which of the following refers to adherence to the groups norms, values and goals?

Conformity

What term describes a member of the team who argues for an alternative position, thereby encouraging team members to carefully consider alternative courses of action?

Devil's Advocate.

Which of the following is a strategy that managers often apply in attempting to overcome resistance to change?

Education and communication

Which of the following is an internal force that may affect and organization?

Employees

Worker who have just been laid off by major employers have probably shifted their motivational focus from?

Esteem/Love and Belonging to Safety

What term describes power or influence derived from a persons special knowledge or expertise in an particular area?

Expert Knowledge

Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics airline pilots and ship captains supposedly have a lot of?

Expert Power

What term describes the tendency of some individuals to perform at less than their optimum in groups, relying on other to carry their share of the workload?

Free Riding

Research suggests that effective managers, compared to ineffective managers tend to be?

Good at communicating.

Relative to the cost of the inputs, the ultimate objective for most organization sis the the outputs to have?

Greater value

Which of the following refers to the phenomenon that occurs in cohesive "in-groups" let the desire for unanimity, or consensus, override sound judgement in generating and evaluating alternative courses of action?

Group Think

Which of the following refers to resources such a labor, money, materials, information, or energy that are transformed by a process to become an output?

Inputs

Which of the following refers to all the materials a firm holds in storage for future use?

Inventory

Which of the following characteristics relates to facilitators?

Leaders who help the group overcome internal obstacles or difficulties so that it may achieve desired outcomes.

The distinguishing characteristics of active listening as a communication process is that it requires?

Listening

What is just-in-time management?

Minimizes the number of units in inventory by providing an almost continuous flow of items from suppliers to the production facility.

Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?

Morale

The group decision technique designed to maximize the generation of creative alternatives to a problem is?

Nominal Group Technique

Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?

Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards.

The goods, services, and ideas produced by a firm are collectively referred to as?

Outputs

What is the administrative model of decision making?

People do not always make decisions with logic and rationality, that outlines how managers make decisions.

Your work team has been meeting for 6 months, and 90 percent of you time is now spent on working on your eggbeater project, there is almost no conflict. You team is?

Performing

What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's needs, based on an interpersonal relationship between the individuals or on his/her personal characteristics?

Personal Power

Large-scale planned change that involves significantly altering how the firm operates is called?

Quantum change

What name is given to personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another?

Referent Power

Total productivity is

Reflects all the inputs used to obtain an output.

What stabilizes the organization at a new state of behavioral equilibrium?

Refreezing

What is meant by legitimate power?

The influence that comes form a persons formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position.

Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach where managers engage in both task- and consideration- oriented behaviors in an exchange manner?

Transactional Leadership

The operations manager is concerned with all activities directly related to?

Transforming resources into goods and services.

What focuses on social, environmental and economic impact of a company operations equally and simultaneously?

Triple Bottom Line Approach

Regarding gender and leadership, which of the following statements did the textbook indicate was true?

Women are underrepresented in top managerial positions but are starting to increase due to "soft skills" and interpersonal skills as an increasing source of transformational leadership.

Because of the view that operations were limited to manufacturing of physical goods, historically, it was known as?

"Production management" or "manufacturing"

According to Social learning theory, all of the following are steps that must occur during the modeling process except

Attention, Retention, Reproduction and Motivation

Which of the following refers to the act of strengthening a desires behavior by allowing individuals to avoid negative consequences by performing the behavior?

Avoidance

The most popular form of nonverbal communication is?

Emotional state

Benefits of employee empowerment include all of the following except?

Employee empowerment has been used to encourage an innovative and productive organization.

Which of the following has shown to be most effective in assuring a change project is successfully completed?

Include employee feedback and opinions during the process.

What is meant by supply chain management?

Occurs when managers connect all members of the distribution system to satisfy customers.

What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's needs, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual?

Organizational Power

Which of the following characteristics relates to quality control?

The activities an organization undertakes to ensure that its products meet its established quality standards.

Which of the following characteristics relates to purchasing?

The buying of all the materials needed by the organization also known as procurement.

Which of the following characteristics relates to certainty?

The condition that exists when decision makers are fully informed about a problem and its alternative solutions.

Operations management is the "core" of most organization because it is responsible for?

The creation of the organizations products.

Which of the following characteristics relates to bounded rationality?

The idea that people have limits to their rationality.

Which of the following characteristics relates to framing?

To view positively presented information favorably and negative information unfavorably.