management 320 test 2
job satisfaction
A pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences
What is stress, and how is it related to stressors and strains?
A psychological response to demands where there is something at stake and where coping with the demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources. "Stressors are the demands that cause the stress response, and strains are the negative consequences of the stress response."
What is motivation?
A set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence
What two qualities make goals strong predicators of task performance, according to goal setting theory?
"According to goal setting theory, goals become strong drivers of motivation and performance when they are difficult and specific. Specific and difficult goals affect performance by increasing self-set goals and task strategies. Those effects occur more frequently when employees are given feedback, tasks are not too complex, and goal commitment is high."
What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
"By reducing or eliminating stressors, providing resources that employees can use to cope with stressors, or trying to reduce the strains. "
Which job characteristics can create a sense of satisfaction with the work itself?
"Job characteristics theory suggests that five "core characteristics"—variety, identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback—combine to result in particularly high levels of satisfaction with the work itself." The theory says jobs are more enjoyable when task are challenging and fulfilling
What are mood and emotions, and what specific forms do they take?
"Moods are states of feeling that are often mild in intensity, last for an extended period of time, and are not explicitly directed at anything." " Emotions are states of feeling that are often intense, last only for a few minutes, and are clearly directed at someone or some circumstance. "
How does motivation affect job performance and organizational commitment?
"Motivation has a strong positive relationship with job performance and a moderate positive relationship with organizational commitment. Of all the energetic forces subsumed by motivation, self-efficacy/competence has the strongest relationship with performance."
What steps can organizations take to increase employee motivation?
"Organizations use compensation practices to increase motivation. Those practices may include individual-focused elements (piece-rate, merit pay, lump-sum bonuses, recognition awards), unit-focused elements (gain sharing), or organization-focused elements (profit sharing)."
How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
"The effects of stress depend on the type of stressor. Hindrance stressors have a weak negative relationship with job performance and a strong negative relationship with organizational commitment. In contrast, challenge stressors have a weak positive relationship with job performance and a moderate positive relationship with organizational commitment. "
What specific facets do employees consider when evaluating their job satisfaction?
"These facets include pay satisfaction, promotion satisfaction, supervision satisfaction, coworker satisfaction, and satisfaction with the work itself."
How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
"Type A people tend to experience more stressors, appraise more demands as stressful, and are prone to experiencing more strains."
values
"Values are things that people consciously or subconsciously want to seek or attain. According to value-percept theory, job satisfaction depends on whether you perceive that your job supplies those things that you value."
What is psychological empowerment, and what four beliefs determine empowerment levels?
An intrinsic form of motivation derived from the belief that one's work tasks are contributing to some larger purpose four beliefs: Meaningfulness, • Self-Determination, Competence, and Impact
How do individual people cope with stress?
By addressing the stressful demand or decreasing the emotional discomfort associated with the demand. "
What steps can organizations take to assess and manage job satisfaction?
By using attitude surveys such as the Job Descriptive Index. It can be used to assess the levels of job satisfaction experienced by employees, and its specific facet scores can identify interventions that could be helpful. "
What three beliefs help determine work effort, according to expectancy theory?
That effort will result in performance, That performance will result in outcomes, and That those outcomes will be valuable
How is job satisfaction affected by day-to-day events?
Satisfaction levels wax and wane as a function of mood and emotions.
What are the four main types of work stressors?
hindrance, challenge, work, and non-work
How does job satisfaction affect job performance and organizational commitment? How does it affect life satisfaction?
job satisfaction is strongly related to life satisfaction because people who feel good about their job feel good about their life.
What does it mean to be equitably treated according to equity theory, and how do employees respond to inequity?
motivation is maximized when a person's ratio of outcomes to inputs matches those of some relevant comparison other. A sense of inequity triggers equity distress. Underreward inequity typically results in lower levels of motivation or higher levels of counterproductive behavior. Overreward inequity typically results in cognitive distortion, in which inputs are reevaluated in a more positive light."
