management ch 10
Which of the following provides the best example of legitimate power?
A supervisor tells a subordinate to wear safety goggles.
Which of the following type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?
A transformational leader
What are the key follower characteristics in path-goal theory that determine the appropriateness of various leadership styles? (Choose every correct answer.)
Ability Authoritarianism Locus of control
Which of the following are pertinent leadership behaviors that path-goal theory identifies? (Choose every correct answer.)
Achievement-oriented Supportive Participative Directive
Which of the following are part of the personality characteristic of a leader with drive? (Choose every correct answer.)
Ambition Persistence in the face of adversity High need for achievement High levels of energy
According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true? (Choose every correct answer.)
Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority. Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs. Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment.
Traditional approaches to understanding leadership include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Behavioral Situational Trait
Which of the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory is a form of task performance-oriented behavior?
Directive leadership
True or false: Maintenance behaviors are the same for any culture.
False different cultures may require different behaviors
Which model of leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on personal style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?
Fiedler's contingency model
Feelings of security, personal values, and confidence in employees
Forces in the manager
Type of leadership style the organization values and the type of information needed to solve the problem
Forces in the situation
According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead? (Choose every correct answer.)
Forces in the situation Forces in the manager Forces in the subordinate
Understanding and accepting the organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, and interest in the task or problem
Forces in the subordinate
What are situational factors used to analyze problems under the Vroom model of leadership? (Choose every correct answer.)
Group expertise Likelihood of commitment Decision significance
Studies of leadership behavior have focused on which of the following aspects? (Choose every correct answer.)
Group maintenance Task performance
Identify key behaviors that people want and need from their leaders, according to Kouzes and Posner. (Choose every correct answer.)
Inspire a shared vision Model the way Encourage the heart
When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?
It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.
According to which leadership theory do leadership behaviors (including open communication, mutual respect, and mutual loyalty) all work to improve relationships?
Leader-member exchange
______ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis.
Leader-member exchange theory
According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would be most appropriate when an employee has an internal locus of control?
Participative
According to path-goal theory, the important environmental factors that determine appropriate leadership style are which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
People's tasks Primary work group Existing formal authority system
______ is defined as an employee's self-confidence and self-respect.
Psychological maturity
Task performance leadership behaviors focus on which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Quantity of output Work speed Following the rules
According to French and Raven, which of the following is one of the five sources of managerial power?
Reward
______ theory proposes that the more mature the followers are, the less the leader needs to engage in task performance behaviors.
Situational
What are traditional approaches to leadership?
Situational approach Trait approach Behavioral approach
______ leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback.
Supervisory
According to Fiedler, which of the following determine the favorability of a situation? (Choose every correct answer.)
Task structure Leader-member relations Position power
According to Fiedler's contingency model, a leader's effectiveness depends on which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
The degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence The personal style of the leader
In the situational theory, Hersey and Blanchard identified which of the following as the key situational factor?
The maturity of the followers
______ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.
Transactional
True or false: Situational leadership means that leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation.
True
True or false: It is important for managers to act as followers as well as leaders.
True managers must lead as well as follow
According to LMX theory, which of the following is a behavior that produces more satisfying and productive relationships?
Trust
The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called the ______ model.
Vroom
The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify which of the following?
What good leaders do?
A vision expresses the leader's ______ for the organization.
ambitions
A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself is called ______ leadership.
authentic
______ leadership is when a leader stays true to himself or herself while leading.
authentic
A leader who exhibits a(n) ______ style will make decisions alone, without participation by the group.
autocratic
The focus of behavioral leadership is on how leaders ______.
behave
Group maintenance is one of the aspects of the ______ approach to leadership.
behavioral
Transformational leadership theory emphasizes generating excitement in followers through ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
being a charismatic leader giving individualized attention to subordinates intellectually stimulating subordinates
Jon is able to get his employees to support his vision for the department because he is a self-confident leader who is enthusiastic and excited about his vision. Jon is a(n) ______ leader whose style may be particularly effective when organizations are undergoing transformations.
charismatic
The excitement, dominance, and self-confidence of ______ leaders contribute to their ability to inspire followers to enthusiastically support their vision.
charismatic
People with an external locus of control believe that what happens to them is ______.
controlled by something other than themselves
Effective leaders must defend and execute their vision against opposition, and for this reason they must have ______.
courage
In Japan, written memos are preferred over giving directions face-to-face, but in the United States, this is often done face-to-face. This shows that maintenance behaviors differ across ______.
cultures
In ______ leadership, input is solicited by leaders from others.
democratic
According to Kouzes and Posner, the best leaders are able to challenge the process, inspire a shared vision, enable others to act, model the way, and ______.
encourage the heart
A manager must be a leader to his subordinates and a ______ to his boss.
follower
The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ______ and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with.
followers
Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are ______ behaviors.
group maintenance
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory highlights the importance of leader behaviors toward individuals and/or
groups
Drive refers to characteristics that reflect a(n) ______ of effort.
high level
Leadership motivation is a combination of extraversion and ______.
high need for power
Path-goal theory proposes that leaders should ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
increase opportunities for personal satisfaction analyze and adapt their styles accordingly
Power is defined as the capacity to ______ other people despite resistance.
influence
An effective leader will strive to promote the unleashing of ______ throughout the organization.
intellectual capital
Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory states that before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important, managers should consider an employee's ______.
job maturity
Extraversion is consistently related to ______.
leadership effectiveness
When a leader has the right or authority to tell others what to do, the leader has ______ power.
legitimate
Effective leaders must ______.
make people responsible for their own performance
Courage is needed to help leaders ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
manage adversaries identify allies execute a vision against opposition
Job ______ is defined as the level of the employee's skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed.
maturity
Maintenance behaviors are most important for followers with ______ levels of maturity.
moderate
One of the key situational factors in __________-goal theory is the environmental pressures and demands with which followers must cope to attain their work goals
path
According to ______ theory, three important environmental factors determine appropriate leadership style.
path-goal
Legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, and referent ______ are the five sources of leadership.
power
When a leader is able to get things done or accomplish goals even when others resist, the leader has ______.
power
In path-goal theory, the functions of a leader that are of particular importance are to ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
provide coaching and direction reduce barriers to goal attainment increase opportunities for personal satisfaction
The level of a person's ______ is a measure of psychological maturity.
self-confidence
The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and the ______.
situation
When leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation, they are demonstrating a ______ leadership approach.
situational
A democratic decision may not be appropriate when ______ or decisiveness is of the essence.
speed
Group maintenance behaviors focus on ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
stress reduction people's feelings and comfort
Larisa provides guidance to her employees. She also supports them when necessary and provides corrective feedback in their day-to-day activities. Larisa is practicing ______ leadership.
supervisory
People with a high internal locus of control ______ for their own actions.
take responsibility
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations, whereas ______-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are very favorable or very unfavorable.
task
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, task-motivated leaders should be used when the ______ is structured and the leader member relations are good.
task
Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called ______ behaviors.
task performance
A leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics of effective leaders is called the ______ approach.
trait
The ___________ approach to leadership assumes that there is a "leadership personality" and that leaders are born, not made.
trait
A __________ leader is someone who uses his or her legitimate power to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.
transactional
A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a ______ leader.
transformational
As a ______ leader, Ben can generate excitement in his followers by being a charismatic leader, intellectually stimulating subordinates, and/or giving individualized attention to subordinates.
transformational
A ______ is a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization.
vision
