Management ch.12 &14

What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?

Content theories

Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job?

Job sharing

To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and _____ to perform their jobs.

motivation

Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week?

A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours

What is meant by expectancy?

A person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance

What is flextime?

A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period

What is meant by behavior modification?

An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself

The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies was

Elton Mayo.

What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?

Equity theory

What name is given to the theory that states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it?

Expectancy theory

What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow—physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization?

Hierarchy of needs

Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?

Morale

Which of the following refers to a set of theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform?

Process theories

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivational factors?

Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement

It is interesting that in certain industries, such as the hotel industry, service personnel

actually dislike increased empowerment.

When financial institutions such as J.P. Morgan reward employees with bonuses and other financial incentives for making risky decisions, they may find that their attempts to motivate employees

may sometimes have negative effects on the organization.

An employee's confidence that he or she can perform a task or behavior successfully is called

self-efficacy.

Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that

the absence of maintenance factors may dissatisfy workers