Management Chapter 10

According to Maslow's hierarchy, when a worker satisfies his or her security needs, what will he or she do next?

Work to satisfy belongingness needs

Hyain works four, ten hour days. She has

a compressed work schedule

If, as a supervisor, you have no control over the pay raises, promotions, and rewards, what method(s) of reinforcement are you able to use?

a. Avoidance b. Extinction c. Positive reinforcement d. Punishment E. ALL OF THESE

Brianna has a goal of living a healthier lifestyle. She improved the foods she eats and is getting more physical activity. She has goal

acceptance

Thirty-three miners in Chile were trapped underground for months. Authorities could get food and basic necessities to them and they had a video camera to communicate with people above. NASA advised the authorities to keep them busy with tasks. That was to meet their need for

achivement

A manager who provides reinforcement on a periodic basis, regardless of performance, is using a ____ schedule.

fixed- interval

A manager who provides reinforcement on the basis of a particular number of behaviors, rather than on the basis of time is using a(n) ____ schedule

fixed-ratio

A manager gives his employees a bonus every month in which they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known as

gain sharing.

According to Maslow, the need to have a safe physical and emotional environment is a(n) ____ need.

security

Lori's work environment is not healthy. Coworkers are back stabbers and selfish. The boss is having an affair with a subordinate. Lori's ____ needs are not getting met.

security

OSHA attempts to ensure worker's ____ needs are met.

security

The Japanese used to have lifetime employment with one company. But in the 90s the Japanese economy experienced serious setbacks and Japanese workers were forced to address ____ needs previously almost guaranteed.

security

At work anybody can be good doing the tasks they like, but to be great they have to be good at doing the tasks they do not like too. Greatness is part of Maslow's ____ need.

self-actualization

Nate has a goal of lowering his cholesterol by 20 points. He has

specificity

The most basic method of managing employee motivation is

the reward system

According to the text, performance is basically determined by

ability, motivation, and the work environment.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other laws and regulations spell out the consequences for violation of the rules. What kind of reinforcement procedure is this?

Avoidance

Your employees have been "getting away" with questionable practices for the last several years, and you would now like to enforce behavior that adheres to higher standards. Which of the following is the most likely to produce effective long-term results?

Combine extinction of the undesired behavior with positive reinforcement of the desired behavior.

Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated?

Content

Idalia works as an entry-level consultant at a management consulting firm. Partners in the firm make about 10 times more salary than do entry-level consultants. Which principle of reward systems is her employer violating?

Distribute rewards fairly throughout the organization

Which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly?

Equity

A basketball coach has been told that she will get a $50, 000 bonus if her team wins the NCAA championship. She has also been informed that she will be fired if she does not get her team into the 64-team championship tournament. Which motivation theory is her university's athletic director most likely using?

Expectancy Theory

When a supervisor inspects facilities each morning at 9:00 am, what schedule of reinforcement is she using?

Fixed interval

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work?

Fixed- interval

If a credit-card company that hires telemarketers to call prospective customers to try to sell them on a new credit card gives these telemarketers a $2.00 bonus for every fourth application the company receives from their phone solicitation, this is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Fixed-ratio

What is the most important idea for managers to remember from equity theory?

For rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair.

Palash believes that the more he studies the better his grade will be. Which of the following is true for Palash?

His effort-to-performance expectancy is high.

____ is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways.

Motivation

Which of the following motivational strategies is used to provide more autonomy and self-direction to workers?

Only empowerment and participation.

A supervisor is required to inspect plant facilities to determine that they are safe, clean, and functional. She often goes out on the floor two or three times a day; other days she does not go out at all. What reinforcement schedule is she using?

Variable- interval

If you want to maintain an employees behavior of high level with minium fluctuations in the level of the behavior, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful?

Variable- ratio

Solitary confinement is especially hard on people because we all have a need for ____.

affiliation

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory?

behavior modificaiton

John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods does not like unions in the public sector. He says the compete for the hearts and minds of employees. He doesn't want competition for the ____ needs.

belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization

Organizational rewards can affect which of the following a. Attitudes b. Behaviors c. Motivation d. All of these. e. None of these.

d. All of these

When Madeline lived in Korea she decided to cook enchiladas. The store she used had sold out of sour cream. Madeline substituted onion chip dip. Madeline's motivation to think creatively began with the store's

deficiency

Princeton Alliance Church has a goal of helping 150 more orphans in Brazil. They need to raise money, build a new facility, hire staff, reach out to children on the street and gain their trust. PAC has goal

difficulty

Which of the following is a basic characteristic of an effective reward system? a. Rewards are distributed fairly. b. The reward system is multifaceted. c. The rewards satisfy employees' basic needs. d. The rewards are comparable to those offered in other organizations. e. All of these.

e. All of these

Robyn sells real estate for a large franchised organization. She likes the fact that she is allowed to set her own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems having to do with the houses that her customers are buying and selling. The real estate company for which Robyn works uses ____ to enhance employee motivation.

empowerment

Therese has a learning disability. There is no doubt she works harder to earn a B than every other student. ____ theory would suggest she will rationalize that she is gaining a better work ethic than others and it will pay off later in life

equity

Which of the following is a process theory of motivation?

equity theory

According to Maslow, the need that people have for respect and recognition is the need for

esteem

Oscar likes to pass along gossip about coworkers to his supervisor, but his supervisor ignores his comments and keeps talking about work-related issues. His supervisor is using ____ to weaken Oscar's behavior.

extinciton

Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part-time, and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and Aaron works afternoons. This arrangement is known as

job sharing

Neal works for the state of Vermont. He perceives that his union will protect him from getting fired, but the only way he will get promoted is if the person above him retires or dies. He has

low effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy.

To stay current in their profession, accountants have to take a minimum number of continuing education courses annually. Accountants in the firm of Dunkirk and Wood who take additional classes are rewarded through a ____ plan.

merit pay

Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks, hires managers by looking for two qualities⎯integrity and passion. According to Schultz, these qualities are as important as experience and abilities because he wants people to become passionate about helping the company succeed while maintaining high ethical standards that promote the organization's responsibility to society. In other words, Schultz wants people with integrity that have

motivation

In expectancy theory, raises, promotions, stress and resentment are all ____.

outcomes

Stock options granted only to the top performers provide an incentive for the behavior to continue and for others to aspire to that level. This is an example of

positive reinforcement

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using

positive reinforcement

One step in behavior modification is to determine what rewards subordinates desire most and to tie those desired rewards to desired performance. If supervisors simultaneously ignore the unwanted behavior, then the behavior modification is centered around

positive reinforcement and extinction.

Which of the following factors would not be included in Maslow's physiological needs category?

safety

Elena is a sales representative for Verizon. She gets paid a base salary plus a percentage of sales. Her pay is determined by a ____ system.

sales commission

According to the motivation framework presented in your text, after a worker notices an unfilled need, the next step is

searching for ways to satisfy the need.

At a customer service call center, quality control trainers randomly listen to calls. For example, they may take the twelfth, seventeenth, forty-fourth, and sixtieth items. What reinforcement schedule are they using?

variable- ratio