Management Chapter 10

An expectation that team members are responsible for their activities and must report outcomes transparently

Accountability

*Which type of structure are these ADVANTAGES of--> 1. Expertise focused on division (products, customers, regions, process) 2. Coordination across functions within divisions 3. Problem solving for product or service delivery

Advantages of DIVISIONAL STRUCTURES

*Which type of structure are these ADVANTAGES of---> 1. Expertise focused functional skills (accounting, HR, etc.) 2. Training within functions promotes skill development 3. Efficient use of human resources

Advantages of FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES

^How does a decentralized structure differ from a centralized structure?.... There are no chains of command for employees to follow, all employees are expected to collect/communicate info, org structures change frequently to meet emerging needs, or all employees share equal power and authority in decision making?

All employees are expected to collect/communicate info

The implicit and explicit power that a manager or employee has to fulfill an organizational function or role

Authority

^Traditionally, organizational power structures were.... democratic, horizontal, autocratic, or collaborative?

Autocratic

The level of individual discretion that an employee has to make decisions

Autonomy

A trusted intermediary that facilitates mutually agreed upon outcomes for two or more parties

Broker

*What type of decision making is characterized by being distributed throughout the organization using informal authority and informal rules?

Decentralized Decision-Making

A design structure that relies on all employees to collect and communicate information, in order to make decisions and recommend changes

Decentralized Structure

When a manager grants power and authority to another team member

Delegation

A design structure that groups together processes and jobs based on functions, products, or customers

Departmentalization

The process through which managers divide labor based on tasks and functions

Differentiation

*Which type of structure are these DISADVANTAGES of---> 1. Inefficiencies from duplication of resources 2. Poor communication across divisions 3. Achieve divisional goals instead of organizational goals

Disadvantages of DIVISIONAL STRUCTURES

*Which type of structure are these DISADVANTAGES of---> 1. Poor communication across departments 2. Poor problem solving for product or service delivery

Disadvantages of FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES

^What the Unity-of-Command Principle prevent.... accountability/transparency, disorganization/confusion, centralization of authority, or ethical breakdowns/lapses?

Disorganization and confusion

A design structure that groups processes and jobs based on clearly defined market segments or geography

Divisional Organization

*________________ _______________ group together people who work on similar products, work in same geographical region, serve same customers, or perform same process.

Divisional Structures

*Focus/purpose of Divisional Structures?

EFFECTIVENESS

^Good corporate governance.... promotes good relations w/ management and subordinates, prevents power from being too centralized, ensures the chain of command is respected, or ensures that responsibilities to stakeholders are fulfilled?

Ensures that responsibilities to stakeholders are fulfilled

*______________ _____________ group people with similar skills into the same department. (Also known as departmentalization)

Functional Structures

A work arrangement in which an employee is given flexibility in terms of work location; and often hours as well

Telecommuting

^Primary benefit of a company that allows employee telecommuting?... Prevents ethical breakdowns, provides high degree of flexibility, reinforces transparency, or increases profits by reducing worker costs?

Telecommuting provides a high degree of flexibility

^A managers span of control concerns.... their hierarchical rank within the org, the number of subordinates that report to a manager, the duties a manager is delegated, or the overall time the manager has been at the company?

The number of subordinates that report to a manager

^What benefit do adaptive approaches provide organizations?... They allow orgs to more efficiently respond to situations based on the org structure that works, they allow for considerable autonomy among diff divisions while providing high levels of accountability, they provide significant centralization of authority while diffusing responsibility, or they provide orgs w/ the ability to rapidly transform their chain of command while retaining high degree of authority?

They allow orgs to more efficiently respond to situations based on the org structure that works

^Why must orgs strike a balance between differentiation and integration in creating an org structure...... to ensure managers have absolute control/responsibility, to allow the organization to adapt to changing environments, to spread responsibility among all employees regardless of rank, or to facilitate positive relations between workers/managers?

To allow the organization to adapt to changing environments

^Accountability depends on ___________. Leadership, transparency, skill, or autonomy?

Transparency

^Which describes a vertical org structure.... Balanced, decentralized, diffuse, hierarchical?

Hierarchical

A vertically organized structure of power relationships, where the top level holds clear levels of authority. *Unites the different parts of the company, brings units in tune w/ company's underlying principles, core purposes, goals, and objectives*

Hierarchy

*What type of org is characterized by informal authority and organic design?

Horizontal/Adaptive Organization

^Departmentalization aims to group processes and jobs based most on.... efficiency, authority, similarity, or productivity?

Similarity

The optimum number of direct reports that a person can manage effectively

Span of Control

Focusing a group or individual's activities based on strengths, aptitudes, or skills

Specialization

A performance context where policies and procedures seek to create uniform results

Standardization

^As a company grows/branches into divisions, what should be ensured for a successful transition of its org structure to compensate for continued unity?..... Delegation of power and authority to staff, formalization of specific jobs/functions, coordination of a company's functions/operations, or standardization of policies and procedures?

Standardization of policies and procedures

*Decentralized Structure, Departmentalization, Functional Organization, Autonomy, Divisional Organization, Matrix Organization--->These are relate to what approach??

*Horizontal approach

*Authority, Chain of Command, Corporate Governance, Broker, Organization Chart, Network Organization, Unity-of-Command Principle--->These all relate to what approach???

*Vertical approach

*1. Division of work 2. Supervisory relationships 3. Span of control 4. Communication channels 5. Major sub units 6. Staff positions 7. Levels of management

7 Parts of an Organizational Chart

*What type of decision making is characterized by top management keeping strong control w/ formal authority and formal rules?

Centralized Decision-Making

A design structure that relies on senior-level managers to collect information broadly, in order to make decisions on behalf of the entire company

Centralized Organization

A predefined structure order of authority that determines how decisions are made and communicated

Chain of Command

*Example of Vertical Approach

Chief of Police-->Captain-->branches off into three different divisions-->each division branches off into more specific roles

^Free agents are _________ workers. Salaried, permanent, contract, or part-time?

Contract

The synchronization of an organization's functions to ensure efficient use of resources in pursuit of goals and objectives

Coordination

^The degree of integration in an org structure directly corresponds to the degree of ___________ in it. Efficiency, unity, autonomy, or coordination?

Coordination

A compendium of policies intended to ensure transparency and fulfillment of duties to stakeholders

Corporate Governance

*Focus/purpose of Functional Structures?

Cost EFFICIENCY

The degree of which policies and procedures determine specific jobs and functions

Formalization

Independent workers that supply organizations with talent for projects or time-bound objectives

Free Agents

A hierarchical structure where employees are managed through clear levels of authority

Functional Organization

^Network organizations allow for...

Independent companies to more easily work with each other

Horizontal coordination between functions, departments, and organizational activities

Integration

^What type of organization would benefit a company that seeks high levels of collaboration between departments but w/ clear chains of command?.... Bureaucratic, divisional, matrix, or functional?

Matrix

A design structure that facilitates horizontal integration and collaboration

Matrix Organization

*What is the opposite of ORGANIC?

Mechanistic

^In a divisional org, decision-making authority is typically ___________ than in a function organization. Less autonomous, more diffuse, more centralized, or less shared?

More diffuse

A group of independent companies that organize themselves to appear as a larger entity

Network Organization

A highly adaptive structure defined by horizontal integration, distributed decision making, and employees with a high degree of generalization

Organic Organization

A visual document that communicates how a company is organized

Organizational Chart

*____________ is a system of tasks, reporting relationships, and communication that links people and positions within an organization

Organizational Structure

*____________ describes the ___________ __________ of how an org should ideally work as designed

Organizational chart, formal structure

A philosophy that each employee is given reports to and is accountable to only one manager

Unity-of-Command Principle

^Which of these should the manager of a virtual team do to reduce barriers?.... Carefully select team members that are social and extroverted, organize team by setting defined goals for each member and allowing them to work autonomously, use information and communication technology, or plan face-to-face team-building meetings?

Use information and communication technology

A structure, characterized by hierarchical authority and communication channels

Vertical Organization Structure

*What type of org is characterized by formal authority and mechanistic design?

Vertical/Rigid Organization

A group of employees who work across barriers consisting of time, distance, and organizational boundaries, while being linked together by information and communication technologies

Virtual Team