Management Chapter 12

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs? Hygiene factors, motivators, and expectancy Competence, autonomy and relatedness Self-actualization, esteem, and safety Achievement, power, and affiliation

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees will eventually adapt to their positions. Employees are underutilized. Employees can only handle a limited number of tasks.

Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees are underutilized.

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas? Employees accept that they will be treated unfairly in the workplace. Employees are incapable of resolving feelings of injustice. Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? Equity theory Hierarchy of needs theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory

Equity theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory

Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced

Extinction

What is the modern way of designing jobs? Working as groups Fitting jobs to people Fitting people to jobs Working as individuals

Fitting jobs to people

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors? Malsow's hierarchy of needs Alderfer's ERG theory Herzberg's two-factor theory House's path-goal model

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? Vroom's expectancy theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

What is the first step in developing career readiness? Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal. Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals. Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal. Identify your most important long-term goal.

Identify your most important long-term goal.

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes? Reinforcement theory Job characteristics model Expectancy theory Pay for knowledge

Job characteristics model

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? Motivation Justice Dissonance Fairness

Justice Fairness

What are three types of learning opportunities? Learning and development Studying co-workers Incentive compensation Tuition reimbursement

Learning and development Studying co-workers Tuition reimbursement

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory. Alderfer's ERG McClelland's acquired needs Vroom's expectancy Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Which statements about motivation are true? Motivation is easy to see in another person. Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Because motivation comes from within, it cannot be understood. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

How does McClelland view needs? We are born with needs. Needs are something we learn from our culture. Needs are all related to our desire for power. Needs must be satisfied in order, beginning with safety needs.

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative

Negative reinforcement

Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior

Positive reinforcement

Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Punishment

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Design jobs to be less repetitive Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity

Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans? They link rewards to performance. They involve generally unattainable stretch goals. They are agreed on by both employees and managers. They are designed to meet employee, not company, needs.

They link rewards to performance. They are agreed on by both employees and managers.

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation? Two-factor theory Self-determination theory Hierarchy of needs theory Acquired needs theory

Two-factor theory

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? Work outcomes Psychological states Instrumentality Core job characteristics

Work outcomes Psychological states Core job characteristics

After creating a time schedule for accomplishing tasks and goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness? Create a to-do list for accomplishing your short-term goals. Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach each goal. Work the plan, give yourself rewards when appropriate, and make needed adjustments. Identify five important long-term goals.

Work the plan, give yourself rewards when appropriate, and make needed adjustments.

Why should you break your most important long-term goal into many short-term goals? Achieving a short-term goal is a much bigger challenge than achieving a long-term goal. It is unlikely you will ever reach your long-term goal, but this will allow you to at least reach some goals. You are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals. Employers do not want employees to have long-term goals, because it interferes with their ability to work.

You are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals.

Your to-do list for achieving short-term goals should identify the ______. order in which the goals should be achieved daily tasks you need to complete next long-term goal you want to pursue rewards you plan to give yourself

daily tasks you need to complete

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ______. design simplification enlargement enrichment

design

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______. avoid telling employees how to earn rewards give rewards as soon as possible reward employees based on personality, not behavior. reward all employees the same

give rewards as soon as possible

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______. human capital employee development worker skill reimbursement

human capital

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______. needs problems theories processes

needs

When prioritizing the tasks you need to complete to reach your career goals, you should ______. order them from low importance to high importance arrange them by how long they will take to complete place them in order from easiest to hardest put the tasks you find most interesting first

order them from low importance to high importance

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______. onboarding dissonance reinforcement gainsharing

reinforcement

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory. acquired needs self-determination hierarchy of needs two-factor

self-determination

One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant ______. getting a promotion working at a job they found meaningful working fewer hours having more flexible hours and days off

working at a job they found meaningful

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? Combine punishment and positive reinforcement. Be clear about what behavior is desired. Administer punishment in private. Give rewards as soon as possible.

Be clear about what behavior is desired. Give rewards as soon as possible.

After tasks on a to-do list are prioritized, what is the next step in developing career readiness? Break long-term goals into short-term goals. Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal. Work the plan, and give yourself rewards at certain milestones. Create a second to-do list for accomplishing long-term goals.

Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.

After breaking your long-term goal into several short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness? Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal. Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals. Seek financial planning advice to make the best use of expected income. Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.

Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals.

After breaking your long-term goal into several short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness? Seek financial planning advice to make the best use of expected income. Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal. Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals. Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.

Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals.

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation? Goal-setting Justice Behavioral Expectancy

Expectancy

Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior? Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Extinction Punishment

Extinction Punishment

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs? Alderfer's ERG theory Expectancy theory Equity theory Goal-setting theory

Goal-setting theory

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? Hierarchy of needs theory Goal-setting theory Equity theory Expectancy theory

Goal-setting theory Equity theory Expectancy theory

Physiological Love Autonomy Esteem Safety House's path-goal model Malsow's hierarchy of needs Alderfer's ERG theory Herzberg's two-factor theory

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? Job enrichment Job equalization Job elimination Job enlargement

Job enrichment Job enlargement

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______. Vroom's expectancy theory Alderfer's ERG theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

McClelland's acquired needs theory

Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Physiological Love Autonomy Esteem Safety

Physiological Love Esteem Safety

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act? Hierarchy perspectives Process perspectives Bias perspectives Need perspectives

Process perspectives

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act? Need perspectives Bias perspectives Process perspectives Hierarchy perspectives

Process perspectives

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act? Need perspectives Hierarchy perspectives Bias perspectives Process perspectives

Process perspectives

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation? Acquired needs theory Expectancy theory Reinforcement theory Equity theory

Reinforcement theory

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation? Acquired needs theory Hierarchy of needs theory Two-factor theory Self-determination theory

Two-factor theory

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs. enrichment analysis design management

management

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______. modification consequence focus challenge

modification

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______. leadership motivation organization influence tactics

motivation

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs? Self-actualization, esteem, and safety Achievement, power, and affiliation Competence, autonomy and relatedness Hygiene factors, motivators, and expectancy

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? Performance to outcomes Hygiene factors to motivating factors Equity to justice Effort to performance

Performance to outcomes Effort to performance

After the creation of a "to-do" list for accomplishing short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness? Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal. Reward yourself for reaching milestones, and adjust as needed. Identify your most important long-term goal. Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal.

Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal.

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? Specific Challenging Complex Achievable

Specific Challenging Achievable

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ______. enrichment enlargement design simplification

design

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______. hierarchy job design punishment status theory

job design

Which are principal perspectives on motivation? job design competition process reinforcement content

job design process reinforcement content